118 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



continued. 



the growing season, after which the tender kinds should 

 be kept moderately dry, warm, and at rest during the 

 winter. The hardy kinds may be left in the ground. 

 Propagated by seeds or division 

 of the roots usually the latter. 

 The best time to divide them is 

 just as they commence their 

 new growth, securing as many 

 roots as possible to each divi- 

 sion. Any rootless pieces should 

 be placed in heat shortly after 

 removal; this hastens the for- 

 mation of roots and excites top 

 growth. Arums are useful in 

 sub-tropical gardening, and are 

 otherwise interesting plants 

 both for indoors and outside cul- 

 tivation ; and the hardy kinds 

 are very suitable for naturalising 

 in woodlands, &c. There are 

 many other species besides 

 those here described, but the 

 FIG. 154. ARUM DRACUNCULUS. following list comprises the 



best. Sub-sections of the genus will be found treated 

 separately, such as Amorphophallus (which see), &c. 

 A. bulbosum (bulbous). Synonymous with A. ternatum. 

 A. Dracontlum (Green Dragon). /I., spadix subulate, longer 



than the oblong convolute green spathe. June. I. pedate, entire. 



A. 2ft. North America, 1759. Hardy. 

 A. Dracuncnlus (Common Dragon).* JL, spadix lanceolate, 



shorter than the ovate, flat, smooth, brown spathe. July. I. 



pedate, entire. A. 3ft. South Europe, 1548. Hardy. Sm 



Dracunculus mdgaris. See Fig. 154. 



A. indionm (Indian). See Colocasia indlca. 



A. italieum (Italian).* /., spathe ventricose below, opening nearly 

 flat and very broad above ; apex often falling over very shortly 

 after expansion, sometimes greenish yellow, at others nearly 

 white ; spadix yellowish or creamy white, club-shaped, about one- 

 third as long as the spathe. Spring. I. appearing before winter, 

 radical, triangular-hastate. A. 9in. to 2ft. Channel Islands and 

 Cornwall, Ac. Hardy. 



A. i. marmorata (marbled).* I. marbled with yellow. A very 

 pretty and effective hardy border plant 



A. maculatum (spotted). Lords and Ladies; Cuckpo Pint. /., 

 spathe ventricose below and above, constricted in the middle, 

 with inflexed edges when open, spotted with dull purple ; spadix 

 usually purple, shorter than the spathe. Spring. I. vernal radical, 

 hastate-sagittate, with deflexed lobes. A. 9in. Britain, &c. This 

 species is admirably adapted for a corner in the wild garden. 

 See Fig. 153. 



A. Malyi (Maly's). fL whitish. Montenegro, 1860. 



A, Nickelli (Nickel's). Levant, 1859. A form of A. italieum. 



A. orientate (eastern), fl. resembling those of A. maculatum. 

 June. 1. brownish, simple, ovate, slightly sagittate. A. 1ft 

 Tauria.1820. Hardy. 



sh 

 sh 



, spadix much shorter than the 



spathe ; petiole usually rising Sin. or 9in. above the leaves. May. 

 I. four or five, triangular-hastate, acute, from 6in. to Win. long, 

 and from 3Jin. to 7*m. broad ; petioles 12in. to 18in. long. Jeru- 

 salem, 1864. Tender. 



A. pictum (painted). A. 2ft Corsica, 1801. Hardy. 



A. proboscideum (proboscis-like).* JL, spathe greenish purple, 

 navicular, horizontal, terminated by a straight tail ; scapes arising 

 from among the petioles. May. I. radical, about four, cordate- 

 elliptic, entire. 6in. South Europe, 1823. Hardy. 



A. spectablle (showy), fl., spathe ovate-oblong, acuminate, dark 

 purplish inside, longer than the purplish spadix. L broadly has- 

 tate-sagittate. A. lit. Asia Minor. Half-hardy. 



A. spirale (spiral). /., spadix lanceolate, shorter than the oblong- 

 lanceolate spirally twisted brown spathe. May. I. linear-lanceo- 

 late. Plant stemless. A. 1ft. China, 1816. Tender. 



A. tenuifolium (narrow-leaved).* /., spadix subulate, longer than 

 the white lanceolate spathe. April. {. linear-lanceolate Plant 

 stemless. A. 1ft South Europe, 1570. Hardy. 



A. ternatnm (three-leafleted). A synonym of Pinellia tuberifera. 



A. variolatum (variegated). Dalmatia, 1859. Hardy. 



A. venosum (veined). A synonym of Sauromatum guttatum. 



A. Zelebori (Zelebor's). A form of A. maculatum. 



A. paleestinnm (Palestine).*/., spathe 7in. to llin. long, purplish 

 blotched or spotted outside, rich velvety black inside and yeUowist 

 white at the base of the tube ; spadix much shorter than th< 



FIG. 155. ARUNDINARIA FALCATA 



ARUM LILY. See Richardia africana. 



ARUNDINARIA (altered from arundo, a reed). 

 OBD. Gramineoe. A small genus of hardy or nearly hardy 

 shrubby grasses, having 

 strong jointed stems, 

 and frequently included 

 under Bambusa. For 

 sub - tropical gardening 

 purposes more particu- 

 larly it is exceedingly 

 ornamental as an isolated 

 tuft. It thrives best in 

 a deep, rich soil, and 

 requires plenty of water 

 when in a growing state. 

 Increased by division 

 of the roots. 

 A.falcata(sickle-shaped).* 



I. linear-lanceolate, very 



acute, shortly stalked, 



very light green. Stems 



freely branched, deep 



green, and very slender. 



A. 3ft. to 6ft India. An 



extremely handsome spe- 

 cies for greenhouse decoration ; also for outdoor work, particularly 



in the South of England, &c. SYN. Bambusa gracilis, of 



gardens. 



A. Maximowlczll (Maximowicz's). This Japanese species is 

 believed to be allied to, if not identical with, Bambusa Simonii. 

 Quite hardy. 



A. Metake (Metake). L lanceolate, with very sharp points, 

 dark green, persistent, narrowed into a short leafstalk, 6in. to 

 12in. long; sheath ample. A. 4ft to 6ft. Japan. A hand- 

 some, hardy, dwarf, much-branched species, forming grand 

 specimens, and producing flowers very freely. SYN. Bambusa 

 japoniea. 



ARUNDO (origin of word doubtful ; stated by some 

 authorities to be from arundo, a reed ; and others as from 

 the Celtic arn, signifying water). Eeed. ORD. Graminece. 

 A very ornamental group of half or quite hardy plants, of 

 very easy culture in ordinary garden soil, preferring damp 

 situations. Panicle loose ; calyx two-valved, unequal, 

 many-flowered ; corolla of two very unequal valves ; all, 

 except the lower and imperfect one, surrounded by a tuft 

 of hairs. Fruit free, covered by the corolla. Arundos are 

 very valuable either for conservatory decoration, sub- 

 tropical gardening, or cultivation in clumps on the turf of 

 the flower-garden or pleasure ground, and the margins of 

 lakes. Although well worth growing, all are inferior to 

 their ally, the Pampas Grass. Propagated by seeds or 

 divisions, the spring being the best time to adopt either 

 method of increase. 



A. conspicua (conspicuous).* ft. silky-white, on large drooping 

 racemes, and lasting in beauty for several months. A. 3ft. to 8ft., 

 but in a good deep and sandy loam it sometimes attains the height 

 of 12ft New Zealand, 1843. This fine species grows in dense 

 tufts, from which arise numerous leathery, narrow, smooth (or 

 slightly rough), long curving ;leaves, and erect, slender culms. 

 The plant is not sufficiently hardy to withstand a severe winter, 

 and should, therefore, be protected with mats, or be grown in 

 tubs, so that it can be removed under shelter before the approach 

 of winter. These precautions are unnecessary in the more 

 southern counties of England. 



A. Donax (Donax).* Great Reed. ft. reddish, ultimately whitish, 

 in numerous spikelets, forming a large compact panicle 12in. to 

 16in. long. Autumn. I. alternate, lanceolate-acute, large, and 

 ornamental, glaucous green, arching. A. about 12ft. South 

 Europe, 1648. This also requires protection during winter in the 

 colder counties. See Fig. 156. 



A. 1>. versicolor (various coloured).* A. 3ft. South Europe. 

 Although much smaller, this variety is far superior to the type 

 for gardening purposes, and has its leaves ribboned with white. 

 It requires a deep, well drained, sandy loam to thrive well, and 

 a thorough winter protection of cocoa-fibre refuse or coal 

 ashes. For isolated tufts or groups, few plants can equal it. 

 It is propagated by placing a stem in water, which induces 

 little rooted plants to start from the joints ; these should be 

 separated, potted off, and kept in frames until thoroughly 

 established. 



A. mauritanica (Mediterranean Reed). This is a rare greenhon*? 

 species, closely allied to A. Donax, but inferior to it. 



