218 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Brussels Sprouts continued. 



advantage be thrown over them for protection; and the 

 less they are interfered with when frozen, the better. 



Sorts. The Imported is the best strain for general use ; 

 other good sorts are : Button's Matchless, The Aigburth, 

 and Scrymger's Giant. 



BRYA (from bryo, to sprout; the seeds germinate 

 before falling from the tree). OBD. Leguminosce. A small 

 genus of stove shrubs or small trees, furnished with 

 stipular spines, and solitary, or clustered, or pinnate 

 leaves. The undermentioned species thrives in a rich 

 fibry loam. Propagated by seeds, or by cuttings, placed in 

 a hotbed. 

 B. Ebenus (ebony). Jamaica Ebony. /. bright yellow ; peduncles 



two to three together, axillary, one to two-flowered, shorter than 



the leaves. July and August /., leaflets aggregate, obovate. 



A. 12ft. to 14ft. West Indies, 1713. (B. M. 4670.) 



BRYANTHUS (from bryon, a moss, and anthos, a 

 flower). OBD. Ericaceae. A genus of small trailing shrubs, 

 allied to Loiseleuria. Flowers terminal, somewhat race- 

 mose; calyx five-leaved, imbricate; corolla deeply five- 

 parted, spreading. Leaves crowded, spreading, flattish. 

 For culture, see Menziesia. 



B. empctriformis (Crowberry-leaved). ft. reddish-purple, clus- 

 tered near the extremities of the branches. I. crowded, linear, 

 on short adpressed petioles, h. 6in. North-west America, 1829. 

 SVN. Menziesia empetrifolia. (B. M. 3176.) 



B. erectus (erect), fl. red, pentamerous, broadly campanulate. 

 I. linear, obtuse, obscurely serrated, h, about 1ft. Siberia. 

 Trailer. (L. & P. F. G. 1, 19.) 



B. Gmelini (Gmelin's). fl. red; peduncles glandular, many- 

 flowered. 1. with denticulated margins, h. 2in. or Sin. Kamta- 

 chatka and Behring's Island. 



BRYONIA (from bryo, to sprout; in allusion to the 

 annual growth from the tuber). Bryony. ORD. Cucurbitacece. 

 Tuberous-rooted perennial herbaceous plants, producing 

 annual climbing stems. The native species is well worth 

 growing over unsightly hedges, fences, &c., and in the wild 

 garden ; it is a rapid grower, and of extremely easy culture. 

 The stove perennial species should be grown in pots, and 

 the stems trained up the rafters. Rich loam is the soil most 

 suitable for their cultivation. Propagated by seeds, or by 

 divisions of the tuber. 



B. dioica ((luscious), fl. greenish-white, racemose, dioecious. Jr. 

 globose, red. May to September. I. cordate, palmately flve- 

 lobed, toothed, scabrous, from callous points. England. (Sy. En. 



B. 517.) 



B. lacinlosa (cut-leaved), fl. yellow, solitary ; corollas hairy in- 

 side, smooth outside. Jr. size of a cherry, striated with white. 

 July. I. palmately five-parted, cordate, rough, and blistered, 

 with oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, serrated segments ; petioles 

 muricated. Ceylon, 1710. Stove species. SYN. Bryonopsis lad- 

 niosa. See Fig. 286. 



BRYONY. See Bryonia. 



BRYOPHYLLUM (from bryo, to sprout, and phyllon, 

 a leaf ; plants spring from the notches on the edges of the 

 loaves when taken off the plant, and placed in a moist 

 situation). OBD. Crassulaceae. This very curious stove suc- 

 culent thrives in pots of rich loamy soil ; perfect drainage 

 ia essential, and but little water is at any time needed. 



B. calycinum (large-cupped), fl. yellowish-red ; cymes panicled, 

 terminal. April. 1. opposite, thick, petiolate ; some impari-pin- 

 nate, with one or two pairs of segments, the terminal one large ; 

 others solitary; all ovate and crenated. h. 2ft. to 3ft. India, 

 1806. A fleshy, erect, branched evergreen shrub, grown chiefly 

 for curiosity. 



BUCCO. See Agathosma. 



BUCIDA. See Terminalia. 



BUCKBEAN. See Menyanthes. 



BUCKLANDIA (named after Dr. Buckland, a former 

 Dean of Westminster, and Professor of Geology at Oxford). 

 OBD. Hamamelidece. A handsome greenhouse tree, allied 

 to Liquidambar. It thrives in rich sandy loam, peat, and 

 leaf mould ; or peat may be left out if the leaf soil is good ; 

 perfect drainage is also essential. Cuttings of ripened 

 shoots will strike in sandy loam, under a hand glass, with 



Bucklandia continued. 



moderate heat. They must be watered carefully, or they 



are liable to rot off. 



B. populnea (Poplar-like). I. pale green, large, leathery, cordate, 

 ovate-acute, on long stalks, pinkish when young ; stipules very 

 curious, large red, consisting of two leafy oblong plates, placed 

 face to face in an erect position between the leafstalk and the 

 stem. h. 100ft. Himalayas, 1875. (B. M. 6507.) 



BUCKLER MUSTARD. See Biscutella. 



BUCKTHORN. See Rhamnus. 



BUCKWHEAT. See Fagopyrum esculentum. 



BUCKWHEAT-TREE. See Mylocaryum. 



BUDDING-. This process consists of taking an eye 

 or bud attached to a portion of the bark, and transferring 

 it to another and different plant ; it is an operation almost 

 confined to woody plants, but has been practised with more 

 or less success upon herbaceous perennials. The stock 

 should not be budded unless the sap is in circulation, which 

 is assured if the bark will detach itself easily, when gently 

 lifted, from the wood. 



There are many ways of performing the different 

 systems, in preparing and inserting the Buds, &c., and all 

 may prove more or less successful if undertaken when the 

 Buds and stock are both in a suitable condition. The 

 principal methods are Shield or T-budding, including the 

 Circular, Square, and Inverted forms; Flute or Tube- 

 budding, and Annular or Eing-budding. 



The first-named method, which is fully described below, 

 is very extensively practised for propagating Hoses and 

 stone fruits. It is also coming more in use for the pro- 

 pagation of many other fruit trees, including Apples and 

 Pears, especially new or scarce varieties, as the great ad- 

 vantage of making use of many more of the eyes, to form 

 separate trees, is thereby attained. In large nurseries, 

 where skilful propagators are employed, thousands of trees 

 are annually budded, the majority of them with very suc- 

 cessful results. It is, in most cases, preferable to purchase 

 established fruit trees, as cultivators require the produce 

 much quicker than they could get it by propagating trees 

 themselves. The same system of Budding is, however, 

 applicable for increasing Eoses ; and this may bo adopted 

 with every chance of success by even a cottager, if he 

 takes the necessary care in performing the work. 



Eare varieties of ornamental deciduous trees are largely 

 propagated in this way ; for instance, many of the Acers, 

 Elms, Horse Chestnuts, &c. Evergreen shrubs, such as 

 Rhododendrons and Hollies, are also rapidly increased in 

 some establishments by this means. 



In the case of fruit-trees, plump wood Buds must be 

 selected, from medium-sized branches. On some sorts 

 these are scarce, the majority being Flower-buds, and it is 

 rather difficult to distinguish between them at the Budding 

 season. The best time for the operation is from June to 

 the end of August; but surrounding influences, condition of 

 Buds, stocks, &c., must be taken into account. Clean cuts, 

 with gentle and skilful handling, are even more important 

 in the Budding of stone fruits than of Eoses or other 

 plants, and the ties should be lightly but firmly made. In 

 all cases, the operation must be performed as quickly as 

 possible, as both Bud and bark are injured if exposed 

 to the air for any length of time. 



Fio. 287. FIG. 288. 



To proceed with the ordinary system of Shield-budding, 

 the stock (see Fig. 287 a) should first have a longitudinal and 



