AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



247 



CALOSANTHES INDICA. A synonym of Oroxy- 

 lum indicum. 



CALOSCORDUM (from kalos, beautiful, and skoro- 

 don, garlic). OBD. Liliacece. A genus of half-hardy bulbs, 

 allied to Allium, but now referred to Nothoscordum. For 

 culture, see Calochortus. 



C. nerinaeflorum (Nerine-flowered).* /. rose; umbels about 

 twelve-flowered ; spathe one-valved. June and July. I. narrow, 

 semi-terete, channeUed above, h. 6in. Chusan, 1843. (B. B. 

 1847, 5.) 



CALOSTEMMA (from kalos, beautiful, and stemma, 

 a crown). ORD. Amaryllideae. Handsome greenhouse 

 bulbous plants, natives of New Holland. Flowers funnel- 

 shaped, irregular ; perianth with the orifice surmounted by 

 a corona ; stamens erect, united by their dilated bases ; 

 ovary three-celled, many-seeded. Leaves linear-lorate. 



C. album (white). Jl. white. May. I. ovate, acute, Sin. to 5in. 



long, 2in. to 3in. broad, h. 1ft 1824. 



C. lutenm (yellow). /. yellow. November. I. strap-shaped, 

 narrow, h. 1ft. 1819. (B. M. 2101.) 



fl. purple. November. I like those of 

 (B.M?2100.) 



CALOTHAMNUS (from kalos, beautiful, and tham- 



nos, a shrub ; in reference to the elegance of the shrubs, 



from their scarlet flowers and terete leaves). OBD. Myr- 



tacecB. Greenhouse evergreen shrubs. Flowers scarlet, 



axillary and solitary, sessile. Leaves scattered, crowded, 



terete. They require much the same culture as Calli- 



stemon. Cuttings of young wood, firm at the base, will 



root in sand, if covered by a hand glass, which requires 



to be occasionally taken off and wiped, to prevent damp. 



C. quadrifldns (four-cleft), fl. scarlet, somewhat secund ; 



bundles of stamens four, distinct, equal. July. I. glabrous (as 



well as the flowers), h, 2ft. to 4ft West Australia, 1803. (B. M. 



1506.) 



C. villosa (villons). Jl. scarlet, quinquefld ; bundles of stamens 

 equal, distinct. July to September. I villous (as well as the 

 fruit), h. 2ft to 4ft West Australia, 1823. (B. B. 1099.) 

 CALOTIS (from kalos, beautiful, and ous, otos, an ear ; 

 in reference to the chaffy scales of the pappus, or seed- 

 head). Allied to Bellium. OBD. Composites. Greenhouse 

 or half-hardy herbaceous perennials, rarely annuals, all 

 natives of Australia. Receptacle naked; involucre nearly 

 equal, many-leaved, in a single or double row. They may 

 be grown successfully in any ordinary garden soil. Pro- 

 pagated by divisions of the root. 



C. ounelfolia (wedge-leaved).* ft.-headg blue, solitary, terminal. 

 July and August. 1. cuneate, cut, toothed at end. A. 1ft 1819. 

 Greenhouse herbaceous perennial. (B. R. 504.) 



CALOTROPIS (from kalos, beautiful, and tropis, a 

 keel; literally "beautifully twisted," apparently in refe- 

 rence to the corolla of C. gigantea). OBD. Asclepiadece. 

 A genus of stove evergreen shrubs, or small trees. The 

 three species bear large handsome flowers, in interpetiolar 

 umbels. They thrive best in a mixture of loam, sand, and 

 peat. Young cuttings, thinly dibbled in a pot of sand, 

 strike root freely under a hand glass, in heat. Care must 

 be taken that they do not receive an excess of moisture, or 

 they will rot. 



C. gigantea (gigantic).* Jl. very handsome, a mixture of rose 

 and purple ; corona shorter than the gynostegium, obtuse, cir- 

 cinately recurved at the base ; umbels sometimes, though rarely, 

 compound, surrounded by several involucral scales. July. I. de- 

 cussate, broad, wedge-shaped, bearded on the upper side at the 

 base, woolly-downy on the under side, 4in. to oin. long, 2in. to 

 Sin. broad. A. 6ft to 15ft. India, &c., 1690. (B. B, i. 58.) 

 C. procera (tall), fl. white ; petals spreading, marked at the top 

 by a purple spot. July. I. obovate-oblong, on short petioles, 

 whitish from wool. h. 6ft Persia, 1714. (B. B, 1792.) 

 CALPICARFUM. See Kopsia. 

 CALFIDIA. A synonym of Pisonia (which see). 

 CAIiTHA (a syncope of kalathos, a goblet ; in allusion 

 to the form of the perianth, which may be likened to 

 a golden cup). Marsh Marigold. ORD. Ranunculacece. 

 Hardy herbaceous perennials, of easy culture on the margin 

 of a piece of water, or in a marshy bog, or in the ordinary 

 border, where their showy blossoms look very brilliant. 



Caltha continued. 



Propagation is readily effected by dividing the roots, in 

 early spring, or in summer after flowering. 



C. leptosepala (slender-sepaled).* fl. pure white, one to two upon 

 erect, scape-like peduncles. May, June. I. radical, cordate the 

 margins nearly^entire, orjiometime^cnmate. *. 1ft North- 



western America, 1827. 



F. B. A. 1, 10.) 



FIG. 331. CALTHA PALUSTRIS MOXSTROSA PLENA. 



C. palnatris (marsh).* fl. golden-coloured, large ; peduncles fur- 

 rowed. Spring. 1. cordate, somewhat orbicular, roundly-crenate, 

 with rounded auricles. Stems dichotomous, erect A. 1ft Great 

 Britain. (Sy. En. B. 40.) The double forms of this species, under 

 the names of na.no, plena, and nwnstrosa plena (see Fig. 331) 

 are excellent plants, and, though growing best in the immediate 

 vicinity of water, and most appropriate for rough scenery, they, 

 like the type, do very well in ordinary well-enriched soiL A 

 variety named purpuratcent, from Southern Europe, is also 

 showy, more erect, and branching; the shoots and pedicels 

 purplish. 



C D blflora (two-flowered). A twin-flowered variety of C. palut- 

 t& North America, 1821 This is not quite so tall r - ^ - - 

 and the flowers are rather larger 



as the type, 



C. P. parnassifolia (Parnassia-leaved). ft. yellow, on few- 

 flowered peduncles. April, May. i. cordate-ovate, crenated. 

 h. 3in. to 4in. North America, 1815. 



C. radlcana (rooting).* /. bright yellow, several in small cyme. 

 ApraTMay. V renifonn-cordate, sharply crenate-serrate, spread- 

 tag A.6in. Scotland. (Sy. En. B. 4l.) 

 CALTROPS. See Tribulus. 

 CALTROPS, WATER. See Trapa natans. 

 CALUMBA, FALSE. See Coscinium fenes- 

 tratnm. 



CALUMBA ROOT. See Jateorrhiza Calumba. 

 CALUMBA WOOD. See Coscininm fenestratum. 

 CALYCANTHACE.2E. A natural order of shrubs, 

 with square stems, having four woody axes surrounding the 

 central one. Flowers solitary, lurid; calyx of numerous 

 coloured sepals compounded with the petals. Leaves oppo- 

 site, entire, exstipulate. The two genera known are Caly- 

 canthus and Chimonanthus. 



CALYCANTHUS (from kalyx, kalykos, a calyx, and 

 an<7io, a flower ; in reference to the calyx being coloured, 

 and appearing like a corolla). Allspice. OBD. Caly can- 

 thaceoe. A genus of hardy, deciduous, North American 

 shrubs. Flowers lurid purple, axillary, and terminal, 

 stalked, sweet-scented ; stamens numerous. Leaves oppo- 

 site, oval or ovate-lanceolate, entire, generally rough on 

 the surface; sweet-scented. All are handsome and well 

 worth growing. They thrive best in a peaty compost, but 

 grow freely in almost any soil. Increased by layers, put 

 down in the summer ; or by seed, sown as soon as ripe, or 

 in spring, in a cold frame. 



C. florldus (Floridan).* Carolina Allspice, ft. with a sweet 

 apple scent May. I. ovate, downy beneath, as well as the 

 branchlets. Branches spreading. Wood and roots smelling 

 strongly of camphor, h. 4ft to 6ft Carolina, 1726. See Fig. 332 

 (B. M. 503.) There are several varieties of this species. 



