268 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Carissa continued. 

 C. Xylopicron (bitter- wooded). Jl. white ; petals acute ; peduncles 



lateral, spiny, one to two-flowered. July. I. ovate, acuminated, 



glabrous, three to five-nerved. Branches forming a pyramidal 



cyme. h. 20ft. Bourbon, 1820. 



CARLINA (from Carolinus, pertaining to Charles, 

 commemorative of the famous Charlemagne, whose army 

 was said to have been cured of the plague by it). OBD. 

 Composite. Hardy or half - hardy annuals, biennials, 

 or perennials. Pappus feathery ; receptacle chaffy ; invo- 

 lucre imbricated, tumid, the outer scales with numerous 

 spines, the inner coloured, spreading, resembling a ray. 

 They are of very easy culture in ordinary garden soil. A 

 few only are worth growing, and are readily increased 

 by seed, sown in spring. 



Carluclovica continued. 



C. rotundifolla (round-leaved).* I. flabelliform, divided in two 

 places quite down to the point of attachment, thus presenting a 

 trilobed appearance ; lobes divided into segments, which are very 

 gracefully pendent. Costa Rica. 



C. Wallisii (Wallis's). fl. white, very sweetly scented, disposed 



in roundish oblong heads. I. ovate, two-lobed, and plicate ; 



each division is about 1ft. long, and 6in. or Sin. broad ; petioles 



erect, semi-terete. Columbia, 1879. (R. G. 992.) 



CARMICHJELIA (named after Captain Dugald Car- 



miohael, P.L.S., an acute Scotch botanist, author of the 



" Flora of the Island of Tristan da Acunha," inserted in the 



twelfth volume of the Linnaean Society's Transactions). 



ORD. Leguminosce. Very ornamental greenhouse evergreen 



shrubs, flowering for a considerable length of time. They 



thrive in a compost of sandy peat, to which may be added 



FIG. 368. CARLINA ACAULIS. 



C. acanthifolla (Acanthus-leaved).* Jl. -heads white. June. I. 



pinnatifld, downy beneath ; segments toothed, angular, spiny. 



Plant stemless. h. 2ft. Southern Europe, 1818. Hardy peren- 

 nial. (A. F. P. iii., 51.) 

 C. acaulis (stemless). fl.-heads white. June. I. pinnatifld, 



naked ; segments cut-toothed, spiny. Stem simple, one-flowered. 



h. 9in. Europe, 1640. Hardy perennial. SYN. C. subacaulis. 



See Fig. 368. (G. C. 1880, xiii., 1720.) 

 C. Biebersteiniana (Bieberstein's). Jl. -heads purple. August. 



h. 2ft. Caucasus, 1816. Hardy perennial. 

 C. subacaulis. A synonym of C. acaulis. 



CARLUDOVICA (named after Charles IV. of Spain, 

 and Louisa, his queen). STNS. Ludovia, Salmia (of Will- 

 denow). ORD. Cydanthacece. A genus of low-growing, 

 palm-like, stove plants. Flowers of separate sexes, in 

 squares arranged very close together in a spiral manner, 

 and forming cylindrical spikes. Leaves stiff, plaited, 

 deeply cut into from two to five divisions. Plants unarmed. 

 The species are very ornamental, and several are eminently 

 adapted for sub-tropical gardening, for which purpose 

 they are largely employed in Parisian gardens. They are 

 easily grown with the usual routine of stove management, 

 thriving in a compost of two parts peat and one of sandy 

 loam ; a liberal supply of water is needed. 



C. atrovirens 



itrovirens (dark-green).* I. and petioles very deep gri 

 ooth, deeply bilobed. A very fine ornamental-leaved plant. 



green, 



C. Drudei (Drude's).* fl. ivory white, borne on an erect-stalked, 

 terete spadix, of cylindrical form. 1. rich deep green, 17in. long, 

 and about 33in. in transverse diameter, tufted, transversely oblong 



i outline, palmately three-lobed, the lobes plicated, and deeply 

 and regularly incised at the margin, h. 4ft. Columbia, 1878. 

 (G. C. n. s. 8, 715.) 

 C. ensiformls (ensiform). /. white, in close spikes. I. bipartite, 



ensiform. h. 2ft. Costa Rica, 1875. (B. M. 6418.) 

 C. humilis (dwarf).* I. rich deep green ; 12in. to 18in. long, 9in. to 

 12in. broad at the widest part, rhomboid, deeply bifid at the apex. 

 New Grenada. A very handsome but rare species. (R. H. 1869, 71.) 



to 3ft. across, 

 int of attach- 



C. palxnata (palmate).* I. rich dark green, 2ft. to 3ft. across, 

 bifid at apex, and divided quite down to the point of attach- 

 ment into four lobes, each of which is divided into narrow seg- 

 ments ; petioles 4ft. to 6ft in height, round, smooth. Peru, 1818. 



See Fig. 369. (R. H. 1861, 10.) 

 C. purpurata (purplish). I. deep green, 2ft., or more, long, and 

 iSn. to 18in. broad, bifid at the apex, tapering towards the base ; 

 petioles 2ft. to 4ft. high, smooth, reddish-purple. Tropical 

 America. 



a very little fibry loain and leaf soil. Cuttings of half- 

 ripened side shoots root in sand, under a glass, in a cool 

 house, in April or May. 



FIG. 369. CARLUDOVICA PALMATA. 



