AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



271 



Carnation continued. 



(FletcherX MR. BUCKLEY (Fletcher), MRS. BARRETT (Fletcher), 

 MRS. MATTHEWS (Dodwell), RACHAEL (Fletcher), ROB ROY 

 (Gorton), ROSE OF STAPLEFORD (Holmes). 



Scarlet Flakes. ANMHILATOR (Jackson), CLIPPER (Fletcher), 

 DAN GODFREY (Holmes), FRIAR TUCK (Dodwell), HENRY MAT- 

 THEWS (Dodwell), ILLUMINATOR (Puxley), JAMES CHEETHAM 

 (Chadwick), JOHN BALL (Dodwell), RICHARD GORTON (Dod- 

 well), RISING SUN (Kirtland), SCARLET KEET (Dodwell), SPORTS- 

 MAN (Fletcher), WILLIAM LANG (Dodwell), WILLIAM MELLOR 

 (Dodwell). 



Selfs, ALBERT (Turner), purple ; ARETHUSA (Dodwell), magenta ; 

 AUCTIONEER (Ware), deep magenta, very fine; BRIDE (Overs), 

 pure white, very fine ; CONSTANCE (Dodwell), rich rose ; CORONER 

 (Ware), bright scarlet ; CRIMSON, old double Clove ; CYNTHIA 

 (Dodwell), bright rose, very pretty ; GERTRUDE TEIGNER (Ware), 

 rich pink, very fine ; GLOIRE DE NANCY (Lemoine), pure white, 

 very vigorous and free ; GOG (Dodwell), carmine-purple ; KING 

 OF THE YELLOWS (Abercronibie), rich sulphur-yellow ; LADY 

 ROSEBERY (Turner), the best yellow Self ; MARY MORRIS 

 (Smythe), rich salmon-rose, immense ; MRS. MATTHEWS (Mat- 

 thews), pure white, freely fringed ; SPARKLER (Ware), crimson- 

 scarlet ; VIVID (Dodwell), very brilliant scarlet ; W. P. MILNEU 

 (Fisher), pure white, of grand substance, one of the best. 



TREE OB PERPETUAL. These are, without doubt, some 

 of the most useful plants grown for cut bloom, and their 

 culture is of the easiest. Some growers strike the cuttings 

 from July till the end of August, in gentle heat, or layer 

 the old plants in a frame, in August, and, when well rooted, 

 pot them off into Sin. pots, or the stronger ones into 4in. 

 pots, in which the plants are wintered the first season, in 

 an airy position near the glass. The second season, the 

 plants are grown on, and not allowed to flower through the 

 summer, about two shifts being given until they are in 

 lOin. pots. Meanwhile, the shoots are trained as required, 

 and the general shape of the plant arranged. When the 

 pots are filled with roots, liquid manure should be supplied, 

 and, about the middle of September, they may be taken in- 

 doors, giving plenty of air for some days. By maintaining 

 a temperature of from 45deg. to SOdeg., and applying liquid 

 manure, plenty of blossom may be obtained through the win- 

 ter and early spring months. For potting soil, use good 

 fibrous yellow sandy loam three parts, and one part rotten 

 manure, with enough sand to keep the whole sufficiently 

 porous to admit of the free passage of water. Another 

 excellent method of cultivation is to put the cuttings in, 

 selecting the small side shoots, about the middle of 

 January, in bottom heat, of about 70deg. to 75deg., with 

 an atmospheric temperature of GOdeg. to 65deg. ; or they 

 may be struck in a half-spent hotbed, when it will not 

 be advisable to put them in till February. As soon as 

 rooted, they should be potted off, and gradually hardened, 

 so that they will bear removal to the greenhouse, where 

 they should remain till April. They may then be shifted 

 on, and grown liberally in pots, or be planted out. In June, 

 go over the plants, and take off the tops; and, about once a 

 fortnight, remove the tops of any of the side shoots which 

 may appear likely to bloom. About the end of September, 

 the plants should, if placed out, be carefully potted up, 

 and shaded for a week or ten days, keeping them well sup- 

 plied with moisture; and, after root action is resumed, 

 removed to the greenhouse, and an unlimited supply of 

 air given until frost sets in. Only sufficient fire heat 

 should be applied in winter to maintain a temperature 

 of 50deg. to 55deg., and a free circulation of air should 

 be admitted on all favourable occasions during the day. 



Fumigate if fly should put in an appearance ; and for 

 mildew, flowers of sulphur should be thoroughly dusted 

 over the plants, washing it off after three days, taking 

 care to remove all dirt from the plants. 



Varieties. These are numerous, and their number con- 

 stantly being added to. The following are among the best : 



A. ALEGATIERE, bright scarlet; AMAZON, buff, edged scarlet; 

 BELLE ROSE, rose ; BOULE DE FEU, scarlet ; BRIDE, pure white ; 

 COVENT GARDEN, scarlet; DRAGON, scarlet; FIREFLY, bright 

 scarlet ; FLORENCE, clear buff-yellow ; GARIBALDI, rosy-scarlet ; 

 GOURDAULT, scarlet, crimson-flaked; HENSHAW'S, scarlet; JEAN 

 BART, bright scarlet ; JEAN SISLEY, yellow, red-edged ; LA BELLE, 

 pure white, very fine ; LEE'S, scarlet ; MADAME ALEGATIERE, 

 carmine-rose ; MAIDEN'S BLUSH, blush-white ; Miss JOIXIFFE, 



Carnation continued. 



blush-pink ; MRS. G. HAWTRY, bright yellow ; OSCAR, yellow 

 PRINCE OF ORANGE, yellow, edged with crimson ; PURITY white 1 

 REMBRANDT, large crimson ; SOUVENIR DE MALMAISON blush- 

 white ; VALIANT, rosy-scarlet ; VAN DYCK, white, striped rose 

 VULCAN, mottled-red. 



CARNAUBA PALM. See Copernicia cerifera. 

 CARNOSE. Fleshy; of thick substance. 

 CARDS-TREE. See Ceratonia Siliqua. 



CAROLINA ALLSPICE. See Calycanthus 

 floridns. 



CAROLINEA. See Pachira. 



CARPEL. A division of the ovary; one of the modified 

 leaves forming the pistil. 



CARFENTERIA (named after the late Professor 

 Carpenter, of Louisiana). OBD. Saxifragece. An orna- 

 mental tall-growing shrub, which will thrive in any good 

 loamy soil, and will probably prove hardy in this country. 

 It is too recent an introduction for us to be able to speak 

 more definitely respecting it. 



C. californloa (Californian).* fl. white. I. broadly lanceolate, 

 entire, 2m. to 3in. long, pinnately-veined, whitened beneath with 

 a minute and close pubescence. Sierra Nevada, California, 1880. 



CARPINUS (Latin name used by Pliny). Horn- 

 beam. OBD. CupulifercB. Hardy deciduous trees, mostly 

 medium-sized. Male flowers, catkins later, sessile, cylin- 

 drical; bracts imbricate. Female flowers in lax terminal 



FIG. 372. FLOWERING BRANCH OF CARPINUS BETUUJS. 



catkins ; outer bracts entire ; inner bracts in pairs, three- 

 lobed. Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous. 

 C. Betulus is the one most generally grown. It forms a 

 good hedge plant, and bears pruning well, while the leaves 

 remain on after they are dead, thus affording good shelter. 

 It is not much grown in this country, but its timber is 

 valuable ; it is also very useful as an agricultural tree, to 

 shelter exposed fields, as it endures rough and windy 

 situations, and thrives well in common soil. The seeds, 

 which are formed in a small nut, are ripe at the end of 

 autumn, but they vegetate irregularly, some coming the 



