278 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Castilloa continued. 



the order Urticace<B, and having male and female 

 flowers, alternating one with the other, on the 

 same branch. C. elastica contains a milky juice, 

 yielding Caoutchouc. 



CASTOR-OIL PLANT. See Ricinus 

 communis. 



CASUARINA (supposed to be derived from 

 the resemblance of the long, weeping, leafless 

 branches to the drooping feathers of the Casso- 

 wary, Casuarius, which is a native of the same 

 country as the majority of the Casuarinas). 

 Beefwood. OED. Casuarinece. Very interesting 

 and remarkable greenhouse evergreen trees. 

 Male flowers in cylindrical spikes; perianth of 

 one or two concave or hood-shaped segments. 

 Female flowers in globose or ovoid spikes or 

 cones ; perianth none. They thrive well in a 

 compost of loam and peat, with a portion of 

 sand. The stronger growing species do well in 

 loam. Propagated by cuttings, made of half- 

 ripened shoots, in April, and placed in sand, 

 under a bell glass ; or by seeds. 

 C. dlstyla (two-styled), fl. dioecious ; scales of cones 

 unarmed, ciliated. Branchlets ovate, round, h. 15ft. 

 Australia, 1862. (H. F. T. i., 348.) 

 C. equisetifolia (Equisetum-leaved). fl., scales of 

 cones unarmed, ciliated. Branchlets flaccid, round. 

 h. 15ft. Australia. 

 C. quadrivalvis (four-valved). Synonymous with 



C. stricta. 



C. striota (upright), /..scales of cones villous; male 

 sheaths sub-muUifid, ciliated. Young branches some- 

 what flaccid, ft. 18ft. Australia, 1812. SYN. C. quadri- 



F,G. 381. FRUITING BRANCH OF SWEET CHESTNUT (CASTANEA SATIVA). CA^A^NE"^ An order of jointed leaf- 



less trees or shrubs, with striated internodes. Flowers 

 unisexual, the males in distinct whorls, forming a cylin- 

 drical spike ; the females in dense axillary heads, with- 

 out any perianth. Nuts winged, collected in a cone hidden 

 under the thickened bracts. The only genus is Casuarina. 



CASTANOSF] 



CUM (from kastanon, a chestnut, 



and sperma, a seed ; in reference to the seeds, which taste 

 like chestnuts). Moreton Bay Chestnut. OED. Leguminosce. 

 This genus is limited to a single species, which is a large 

 greenhouse evergreen tree, endemic in Australia. For 

 culture, see Ceratonia. 



C. australe (southern), fl. saffron-coloured ; calyx coloured ; 

 racemes axillary or lateral, rather loose. 1. impari-pinnate ; leaf- 

 lets broad, smooth, entire, h. 40ft. to 50ft. 1828. 



CASTILLEJA (named in honour of D. Castillejo, a 

 botanist of Cadiz). OKD. Scrophularinece. Herbaceous, 

 rarely suffruticose plants. Flowers axillary, solitary or 

 terminal, and spicate ; corolla tubular, compressed, bi- 

 labiate. Leaves alternate, entire, trifid or multifid ; bracts 

 large and coloured. These are very ornamental plants, 

 but, with one or two exceptions, are rarely seen in cul- 

 tivation. All are probably more or less parasitic in habit, 

 and this accounts for the difficulty generally experienced 

 in preventing the plants from being altogether lost. All 

 succeed in a peat soil, with a little leaf mould and sand, 

 but some do better in good loam. Hardy and half hardy 

 species may be increased by seeds. 



C. cocolnea (scarlet).* /. yellow ; bracts scarlet. July. I., as well 

 as the coloured bracts, divaricately trifld. h. 1ft. North America, 

 1787. Hardy annual. (B. R. 1136.) 



C. indivisa (undivided).* fl. greenish-yellow ; bracts wholly 

 carmine-red. I. sessile, ascending, oblong ; upper ones margined 

 with red. h. 6in. to 12in. Texas, 1878. Hardy in sheltered posi- 



tions ; best raised from seed annually. (B. M. 6376.) 



). fl. scarl 

 S. 4, 371.) 



C. lithospermoid.es (Lithospermuin-like). fl. scarlet August. 

 h. 1ft. Mexico, 1848. Half-hardy. (F. d. S. 4, 



C. mlnlata (vermilion).* fl. yellow, with vermilion-scarlet bracts. 

 I. lanceolate or linear, entire, h. 1ft. to 2ft. California, 1874. 

 Hardy annual. 



C. pallida (pale).* fl., spike simple, with pale, nearly white or 

 yellowish bracts. June. I., radical ones linear, acuminated, 

 entire ; superior ones alternate, ovate-lanceolate, toothed. Plant 

 tomentose. h. 6in. to 12in. Siberia and Arctic North-West 

 America. Hardy annual. 



CASTILLOA (probably commemorative of Castillejo). 

 A genus (containing two or three species) belonging to 



CATALFA (the Indian name of the first species). OED. 

 BignoniacecB. Trees with simple leaves, opposite, or dis- 

 posed three in a whorl. Flowers terminal, panicled ; corolla 

 campanulate, with a ventricose tube, and an unequal four- 

 lobed limb. As a single specimen upon the lawn, or occupy- 

 ing the edge or skirting of any moderate-sized, sheltered 

 shrubbery, very few things are superior to a well-grown 

 plant of C. bignonioides. It thrives in almost any soil. 

 Propagated by seed sown in spring, by layers, or by 

 cuttings of the ripened shoots, made in autumn. The 

 same cultural remarks are generally applicable to all the 

 species except longissima and microphylla, which are stove 

 species of easy culture, and are propagated by cuttings 

 made of the ripened shoots, placed in heat, under a glass. 

 C. bignonioides (Bignonia-like).* fl., corollas white, speckled 

 with purple and yellow ; panicles large, branchy, terminal. July. 

 I. cordate, flat, three in a whorl, large, deciduous, h. 20ft. to 

 40ft. N. America, 1725. SYN. C. syringcefolia. (B. M. 1094). 

 See Fig. 382. The form with bright yellow-tinted leaves is 

 very ornamental. 



C. Bungei (Bunge's). fl. greenish-yellow, with red spots, large, 

 disposed in simple clusters or racemes. I. ovate, acuminate, 

 entire, or lobed, glabrous, h. 8ft. to 10ft. North China. 

 C. Ksempferl (Keempfer's).* fl. small, sweet-scented, disposed 

 in branching panicles ; corolla clear yellow, spotted with reddish- 

 brown ; lobes toothed. July. I. ovate, cordate at the base, 

 abruptly sharp-pointed, and often with one or more sharp-pointed 

 lateral lobes. Japan, 1862. 



C. longissima (longest).* fl., corolla whitish, undulating, ere- 

 nated, ; upper segment marginate. I. oblong or ovate-lanceolate, 

 acuminated, three in a whorl, undulated, h. 30ft. to 40ft. West 

 Indies, 1777. 



C. microphylla (small-leaved), fl. white, large ; limb undulated ; 

 peduncles terminal, usually three-flowered. I. opposite, obovate, 

 obtuse, h. 10ft. to 20ft. St. Domingo, 1820. 



C. speciosa (beautiful).* /. white, large, disposed in rather large 

 panicles ; upper lip of the corolla longer than the lower, which 

 is bilobed. June. United States, 1879. This comes close to 



