284 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Cattleya continued. 



C. T. Russelliana (Russell's), fl., sepals 3 Jin. long, more than 

 lin. broad ; petals white, tinged with rose, upwards of 2in. broad, 

 waved at the edges, and recurved ; lip 3in. long, basal part rose, 

 but rich deep rosy-purple in front, shaded with violet ; the centre 

 of the lip and throat bright orange, and the edge finely curled. 



C. T. vclutina (velvety).* fl. very fragrant ; sepals and petals pale 

 orange, spotted and streaked with purple ; lip orange at the base, 

 white, with violet veins in front, where the surface is velvety. 

 Brazil, 1870. This pretty form resembles C. bicolor in growth. 



C. tricolor (three-coloured), fl., sepals and petals creamy-white; 

 lip same colour, with a yellow throat and a band of carmine near 

 the margin. ,1883. A very distinct species, having flowers about 

 the size of C. Skinneri. 



C. tuberosa (tuberose). Synonymous with C. Walkeriana. 



C. Wageneri (Wageneri's).* /. snow-white, excepting a stain of 

 rich yellow in the centre of the lip, the margin of which, as of 

 the petals, is beautifully divided. June. Caraccas, 1851. In 

 habit, this species is like a rather slender form of C. Mosaics. 

 (E. X. O. 1, 13.) 



C. Walkeriana (Walker's).* fl. rose-coloured, 5in. across, very 

 sweet-scented ; lip richer rose, with a slight tinge of yellow ; 

 scape usually two-flowered, h. 4in. Brazil, 1844. An elegant 

 dwarf species, best grown on a block of wood suspended from 

 the roof, allowing it plenty of light, but not too much sun. 

 SYN. C. tuberosa. (P. F. G. 3.) 



C. Warneri (Warner's).* fl. about 6in. across ; sepals and petals 

 broad, deep rose colour ; lip large, with its middle lobe much 

 expanded, of deep rich crimson, ornamented in front with an 

 elegant marginal fringe ; scape many-flowered. Brazil, 1862. A 

 robust and fine species, much resembling C. labiata in habit. 

 (W. S. O. 8.) 



C. W. delicata (delicate), fl. white, 6in. across ; lip large, with a 

 beautiful yellow centre and tinge of rose, white on the outside. 

 (W. S. O. 4.) 



C. W. d. superba (superb)* is a splendid form, with very large 

 and finely expanded lip, and broad pure white sepals and petals. 



C. W. Budburyensis (Sudbury). A splendid variety, with an 

 unusually large lip of rich amethyst-purple, edged with a frilling 

 of white, and also white in the throat. 1883. 



C. Warscewiozli (Warscewicz's).* ft. large ; sepals and petals 

 ilish-white ; lip rich crimson. Winter. 1. light green, h. 1ft. 

 - Grenada, 1867. (R. X. O. i, 31.) 



CAUDATE. Tailed ; having a process like a tail. 

 CAUDEX. The axis of the plant. Generally applied 

 to the trunk or stem of palms and ferns. 



CAUDICLE. The cartilaginous strap which connects 

 certain kinds of pollen masses to the stigma. 



CAULESCENT. Acquiring a stem; having a kind 

 of stem. 



CAULIFLOWER. A garden variety of Brassica 

 oleracea, in which the inflorescence, while young, is con- 

 densed into a depressed, fleshy, edible head. This differs 

 from Broccoli in being more tender, of finer flavour, and in 

 use more as a summer and autumn vegetable. When at its 

 best, a Cauliflower should have a close head (see Fig. 387), 

 and be free from caterpillars. To attain these points, rich 

 soil, and frequent hand-picking should caterpillars put in 

 an appearance are requisite. Deeply-worked soil is also 

 necessary; in fact, with no other crop of the Brassica 

 tribe is this more important than with the Cauliflower. 



Cultivation. Cauliflowers may be divided into two 

 sections : Spring-sown and Autumn-sown. The latter is, 

 perhaps, the more important, as the crop comes from them 

 in spring and early summer, when they are sure to be 

 expected and are always appreciated. 



Sow seeds for succession in February and March, on a 

 gentle hotbed, and afterwards in the open ground. As 

 soon as the plants are large enough to handle, prick them 

 out in a warm place under hand lights, or in a frame, with 

 a little bottom heat in the case of the earlier sowings, 

 until of sufficient size to plant out finally. It is not 

 advisable to sow later than May for autumn supplies, 

 as the season is not of sufficient length afterwards for 

 the crop to be ready for use before frost comes. The 

 results are not always certain, especially in a dry summer, 

 a large percentage of the plants being liable to " button," 

 or produce their heads prematurely. If, however, smaller 

 successional plantings are made, the loss of, maybe, the 

 majority of any one will not be so much felt. The plants 



Caulifl( 



-continued. 



will require a distance of 2ft. each way, and they should 

 be kept watered, if possible, in dry weather. The earlier 

 batches should be planted where there is shelter, such as 

 single lines between Asparagus beds, or between rows of 

 early Peas, if the latter are wide enough apart to admit 

 plenty of light. 



To obtain plants to stand the winter, sow in August, or 

 rarly in September, and, as soon as they are large enough. 



FIG. 387. CAULIFLOWER. 



prick out about 4in. apart, in cold frames, keeping them 

 about 6in. from the glass. Allow the plants all the air 

 possible, but not too much rain, or they will become sappy, 

 and not able to stand the cold of winter. At the approach 

 of frost, put on the sashes, and, in severe weather, apply 

 coverings of dry litter, fern, or some other non-conducting 

 material. Hand lights, protected in a similar way, 

 may also be used to preserve the plants through the 

 winter. Give plenty of air at all times when there 

 is no frost; and on mild, dry days, throw off the lights 

 altogether, the object being to make the plants as hardy as 

 possible. In March or April, transplant to a warm south 

 border, taking the state of the weather into consideration. 

 It will still be necessary to protect with hand lights, 

 if possible, or by some other means. A good plan is to 

 place at distances four plants within the area of a hand 

 light, and remove the latter on all favourable occasions. 

 Keep the soil stirred around the plants, and, as the season 

 advances, plenty of water and an occasional dose of liquid 

 manure will be of great advantage. Should the crop come 

 in too rapidly, cut the heads so soon as they are ready, 

 and place them on the floor of a cool shed or cellar, where 

 they will keep for several days. Cauliflowers should be cut 

 before the white heads are exposed to the sun and light, or 

 they will quickly open and become partially green, thereby 

 injuring the quality. 



Sorts. Distinct sorts are somewhat limited, but their 

 synonyms are numerous. The best for autumn sowing are 

 Early Erfurt, Early London, and Walcberen. These may 

 also be sown in spring ; other good varieties for sowing 

 at this season are Large Asiatic, Lenormand's, Dwarf 

 Mammonth, and Veitch's Autumn Giant. 



CAULINE. Of, or belonging to, the stem. 



CAULOPHYLLUM (from kaulon, a stem, andpTiyWon, 

 a leaf ; the stem seeming to form a stalk for the single, 

 large, and compound leaf). OBD. Berberidece. A distinct 

 and interesting hardy tuberous perennial. Tt grows readily 



