306 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



ft., tube of calyx striated, glabrous, 

 and ciliated. May. ' ""' 



h. 2ft. West 



Chamselancium continued. 



Flowers white, axillary, subtended by two concave bracte- 

 oles, which fall off in a calyptra from tLe young bud. 

 Leaves opposite, crowded, linear, triquetrous. For cul- 

 ture and propagation, see Calythrix. 

 C. ciliatnm (hair-fringe 



with the lobes round 



Australia, 1825. 



CHAMJELEDON PROCUMBENS. See Loise- 

 lenria. 



CHAMJEFEUCE (from chamai, dwarf, and peulce, a 

 Pine ; resemblance). OBD. Composites. This genus is now 

 usually included under Cnicus. Nearly hardy herbaceous 

 plants, differing from Gnicus proper in the covering of the 

 achenes being hardened, not membranous; and from 

 Carduus in the pappus being feathery, not simple. Flower- 

 heads from lin. to 2in. in diameter, generally arranged in 

 corymbs or long leafy racemes. Leaves usually lanceolate, 

 with very spiny margins. Of the entire genus, the only 

 two worth much attention are C. Casabonce and C. 

 diacantha. Both these are effective for sub-tropical gar- 

 dening and carpet bedding, growing in compact rosette-like 

 patches, and not producing stems or flower-heads until the 

 second year. Propagated by seeds, sown in gentle heat, in 

 February, and also in September, in which latter case the 

 young seedlings should be potted up and kept indoors 

 throughout the winter months. 

 C. Casabonse (Casabona's). Fish-bone Thistle, fl.-lieads pale 



purple. Summer. I. deep green, veined with white, spiny. 



L 2ft. to 3ft. South Europe, 1714. 



C. diacantlm (two-spined). fl.-heads purplish, in dense, spike- 

 like clusters. Summer. I. shining green, marked with silvery 



lines ; spines ivory-white, h. 2ft. to 3ft. Syria, 1800. 

 C. strlota (upright). Jl.-heads purple. Summer. I. veined with 



white, h. 2ft. South Europe, 1820. A neat and dwarf-growing 



species, sometimes seen in gardens. 



CHAM2EHiAXTTHEMUM (from chamai, dwarf, and 

 anthos, a flower). OED. Acanthacece. Stove plants, thriving 

 best in a well-drained peat and loam compost. Cuttings 

 of young shoots will root in spring, if planted in sand and 

 placed in heat. 



C. Beyrichil variegatnm (Beyrich's variegated), fl. white. 

 /. rather large, oval, marked with a broad, irregularly-margined 

 greyish band along the centre. Brazil, 1866. (B. M. 5557.) 

 C. igneum (fiery), fl. yellow. I. with red veins. Peru. (R. G. 



C. pictum (painted).* I. sessile, obovate-oblong, tapering at the 

 base and shortly acuminate at the apex ; colour green, with 

 orange edges, and a large, irregular, central silvery blotch ; young 

 leaves covered with short, stiff, appressed orange-coloured hairs. 

 Brazil, 1878. 



CHAM2BRHODOS (from chamai, on the ground, and 

 rodon, a rose ; dwarf rose). OED. Rosaceee. Pretty hardy 

 herbaceous perennials, allied to Potentilla, but difficult to 

 preserve through the winter, owing to excessive damp. 

 Flowers white or purple, erect, solitary or paniculate, 

 small. Leaves alternate, three-parted; divisions again 

 split up into linear segments. They should be grown 

 under a well-drained ledge of the rockery, or in pots, in 

 a mixture of sand, peat, and loam ; and should be placed 

 on a dry shelf, in a cold frame, in winter, at which time 

 they must be but sparingly watered, if at all. Increased 

 by seeds, which should be sown as soon as ripe, in pots, 

 in a cold frame. 

 C. ereotns (erect), fl. white; petals about equal in length to 



the calyx. July to August. 1. multifld; segments linear. Stem 



straight, beset with glandular hairs, panicled. A. 6in. Rocky 



Mountains, &c., 1824. 

 C. grandifiora (large-flowered). fl. white; petals twice the 



length of the calyx. Jane. I. divided into numerous linear 



segments, pubescent. Stems numerous, erect, leafy. h. 6in. 



Dahuria, 1823. 



CHAMJEROFS(from chamai, on the ground, and rhops, 

 a bush ; alluding to the low growth of the plants). OED. 

 Palmce. A genus comprising two species of ornamental 

 greenhouse Palms. The petioles are furnished with 

 prickles, the blade is fan-shaped, the inflorescence axillary 

 and polygamo-dkeoious, whilst the fruits are generally 



Chamserops continued. 



one-seeded, and resemble Olives in appearance. C. 

 humilis is frequently employed in sub-tropical gardening, 

 for which purpose it should have a situation sheltered from 

 strong winds. The species are of very easy culture in 

 a compost of rich strong loam, to which is added a small 

 portion of vegetable mould aiyl sand ; perfect drainage, 

 and copious supplies of water throughout the summer, are 

 most essential to success. Propagation may be effected 

 by suckers, which generally appear in considerable quan- 

 tities ; or by seeds. See also Rhapidophyllum, Sabal, 

 and Trachycarpus. 



C. h nmnig (dwarf).* I. glaucous on both surfaces, divided about 

 one-third their length into narrow, erect segments ; petioles 

 glaucous, 3ft. to 4ft. in length, armed at the edges with stout 

 spines, h. 20ft. (usually about 4ft. to 6ft. in English gardens). 

 South Europe and North Africa, 1731. In its native home, 

 this species is seen to most perfection. It is very tine, and well 

 worthy of greatly extended cultivation. 



C. maorooarpa (large-fruited).* A robust growing form, with a 

 stout stem and larger fruit than the foregoing species. It has 

 a hardy constitution, and is an excellent plant for decorative 

 purposes. Northern Africa. 



CHAMISSOA (commemorative of the naturalist, Louis 

 Charles Albert von Chamisso, born at Boncourt in Cham- 

 pagne, in 1781 ; died at Berlin in 1838). OED. Amarantaceas. 

 A genus containing some six or eight species, from tropical 

 and sub-tropical South America. Some of the species now 

 referred here were formerly placed under Achyranthes, a 

 genus of about a dozen species, of merely botanical 

 interest. Chamissoas thrive well in loam and leaf mould. 

 They may be readily increased by seeds ; or by cuttings, 

 inserted in sand, in bottom heat. The only species 

 worth mentioning here is the following : 

 C. altisslma (tallest), fl. whitish, in branched terminal and 

 axillary panicles. I. stalked, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, hairy 

 beneath. A tall herbaceous greenhouse or stove perennial. 



CHAMOMILE, or CAMOMILE (Anthemis nobilis). 

 A perennial herbaceous plant, at one time and still to a 

 considerable extent in repute as a medicinal agent. It 

 has both tonic and febrifugal properties, and thrives on any 

 light rich soil, if fairly dry. The plants may be raised from 

 seed, but the quickest way of propagation is by dividing 

 the roots in spring, and replanting in small patches, about 

 9in. apart. They must be watered when dry, until esta- 

 blished, and kept clear of weeds. The flowers, which alone 

 are used, should be picked as soon as fully expanded, in 

 fine, sunny weather, placed thinly in a shady place to dry, 

 and turned over occasionally. As the blossoming season 

 lasts for some time, several pickings may be made. There 

 are two varieties the Single and the Double-flowered. 

 The latter produces the greater bulk of flowers, and is, 

 consequently, most cultivated. The flowers of the Single 

 variety are, however, of the best medicinal quality. 



Fio. 418. THE CHAMPIGNON (MARASMIUS OREADKS). 



