

314 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Chervil, Common or Garden continued, 

 for seed, as they soon deteriorate. A cool north border 

 is the best position for growing Chervil in summer, and 

 a south border is preferable for it in winter. 



CHESTNUT, 'HORSE. This was introduced into 

 Britain about two centuries ago. In foliage, it exhibits a 

 character quite distinct from that of any other hardy tree, 

 and the pyramidal panicles of snowy-white flowers dashed 

 with yellow and pink (see Fig. 428), place it in the first 

 rank amongst deciduous subjects eminently adapted for 

 effective use by the landscape gardener. See JEscultis. 



CHESTNUT, MORETON BAY. See Castano- 

 speriimm. 



CHESTNUT, SWEET or SPANISH. See Cas- 

 tanea sativa. 



CHEVALLIERA. See JEchmea Veitchii. 



CHICA. See Bignonia Chica. 



CHICORY (Cichorium Intybus). Succory, or Wild 

 Endive. A hardy perennial, native of Britain. The plants 

 are cultivated much more in France than with us, chiefly 

 for the leaves, which are blanched and used as a salad. 

 A variety called the Coffee Chicory is grown, in some 

 parts of the Continent, for the roots, which are cut up 

 and prepared as a substitute for coffee. Another large- 

 growing variety, called the Witioof, is much cultivated in 

 Belgium ; and since it was introduced to this country, it has 

 gained favour as a vegetable, cooked whole, or blanched, 

 and used as the other varieties. The culture is very easy, 

 and the leaves, if grown quickly and well blanched, are 

 wholesome and much esteemed. The plants may be 

 blanched outside in summer, but the salad is best when 

 forced in winter, forming what is called by the French 



FIQ. 429. CHICORY BARBE DB CAPUCIN. 



" Barbe de Capucin " (see Fig. 429). The roots grow 

 somewhat like Carrots, and may be taken up in autumn, 

 and forced in the same way as Sea Kale. 



Cultivation. An open situation, with rather light and 

 moderately rich soil, should be selected for preparing roots 

 of Chicory for winter forcing. The seed should be sown in 

 drills, 1ft. apart, in May or June, the plants being thinned 

 when up to a distance of 6in. Occasional hoeings between 

 the _ rows, to keep down weeds, will be all that is necessary 

 during the summer. If summer supplies are required, 

 successions! sowings should be made in the same way, 

 about every month, from April to October, and the leaves 

 blanched as soon as they are large enough for use. 



Forcing. Chicory may be successfully forced in a tem- 

 perature of from 55deg. to 60deg. The roots should be 

 placed, about Sin. apart, in boxes or large pots of soil, 

 care being taken to keep the crowns just above the soil. 

 A good watering is necessary to settle the earth around 

 the roots. The pots or boxes should be placed in a 



C. corymbosa (corymbose).* A. greenish-white, tinge 

 red, corymbose, pendulous, at length somewhat erect. 

 I. cuneate-lanceolate, serrated, four to five in a whorl. 



Chicory continued. 



warm, dark position. A mushroom house, kept dark and 

 having a suitable temperature, is a very good place. 

 A succession must be kept up, but a second or more crops 

 may be obtained from the same roots, which, however, 

 will not be so strong as the first. The Common Chicory 

 is mostly grown, but the Witloof will succeed under the 

 same treatment. Empty pots or boxes, of the same sizes 

 as those used, should be inverted over the roots to exclude 

 light ; or the darkness of a mushroom house may be suffi- 

 cient in many cases. 



CHILI. See Capsicum baccatum. 

 CHILOPSIS (from cheilos, a lip, and opsis, re- 

 semblance ; on account of the calyx being furnished with 

 a distinct lip). OBD. Bignoniacece. A greenhouse ever- 

 green shrub, requiring a compost of peat and fibry loam. 

 Cuttings of half-ripened shoots will root in sand, under a 

 bell glass, in a gentle bottom heat. 



C. llnearis (narrow-leaved). A., corolla dark purple, with a tubular 

 base, and a dilated companulate throat; lobes oval-roundish, with 

 curled, crenated edges ; racemes terminal, short, dense, tornen- 

 tose. May. 1. alternate, linear, flat, elongated, 3in. to Sin. long, 

 glabrous, coriaceous, attenuated at both ends. h. 10ft. Western 

 North America, 1825. An erect branched shrub. 



CHIMAPHILA (from cheima, winter, and phileo, to 

 love ; the plants are green in winter). OBD. Ericaceae. 

 Ornamental evergreen suffruticose plants, with creeping 

 roots. Flowers corymbose ; scapes naked. Leaves lan- 

 ceolate, serrated, verticillate. For culture, see Pyrola. 



, tinged with 

 erect. June. 

 fc.3in. 



to 6in. Northern hemisphere, 1752. SYN. Pyrola umbellata. 

 (B. M. 778.) 



C. maculata (spotted).* fl. white, pendulous; 

 peduncles downy, bearing a two to three-flowered 

 corymb at the apex. June. I. lanceolate, acute, 

 with white bands on the upper surface along 

 the nerve and veins, under surface red ; opposite, 

 or four in a whorl. Stem procumbent at base 

 and ascending at apex. North America, 1762. 

 SYN. Pyrola maculata. (B. M. 897.) 

 CHIMNEY BELL-FLOWER. See 

 Campanula pyramid alls. 



CHIMONANTHUS from cheimon, the 

 winter, and anthos, a flower ; in reference 

 to the time of flowering, December and 

 January). OBD. Calycanthacea. A hardy 

 shrub, with the flowers appearing before the 

 foliage, in the axils of the leaves of the 

 < preceding year. Flowers whitish or yellow, 

 * purplish inside, very sweet-scented. Bark 

 and leaves without scent. Where sweet- 

 scented flowers are in request during the 

 winter months, the delicious aromatic fra- 

 grance of the blossoms of this shrub makes 

 it a general favourite. It is suitable for 

 training against walls and buildings having 

 a south or western aspect. It thrives best in a deep rich 

 sandy soil, and should be kept neatly trained to the wall 

 against which it is planted. It also requires pruning 

 annually, so as to have the principal branches well clothed 

 with young wood, as the blossoms are produced on the 

 previous season's growth. Therefore, when the plants have 

 finished flowering, go over them, and cut in close to the 

 main branches all the young shoots that have flowered, 

 except the leading ones, which must only be shortened to 

 about half their length. The result of this treatment will 

 generally be a good crop of wood, suitable for blossoming 

 the following season. Propagation is best effected by 

 means of layering, in the autumn. 



C. fragrans (fragrant).* A. very fragrant. I. lanceolate, acumi- 

 mate, scabrid, slightly hairy beneath. A slender branching 

 shrub. Japan, 1766. SYN. Calycanthus praecox. (B. M. 466.) Of 

 the two varieties, grandiflorus is by far the best ; its flowers are 

 considerably larger and more spreading. (B. B. 451.) 



CHINA ASTER. See Aster and Callistephus. 



