AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



327 



Chysis continued. 



scarlet or crimson, and fringed round the margin. June. 

 Pseudo-bulbs 15in. long. Guatemala. (I. H. 1863, 365.) 



CIBOTIUM. See Dicksonia. 



CICCA (named after Peter Cicca, a writer of the six- 

 teenth century). ORD. Euphorbiaceae. A small genus, now 

 usually referred to Phyllanthus. The best-known species 

 is C. disticha, which is a stove evergreen fruit-tree. It 

 thrives well in sandy loam ; and cuttings of ripe shoots 

 will root in sand, if placed under a glass, and in bottom 

 heat. 



C, disticha (two-ranked), fl. greenish ; racemes lateral. I ob- 

 long, h. 10ft. India, 1796. 



CICHORIUM (an ancient Egyptian name). Chicory 

 or Succory. ORD. Compositce. Hardy salad plants. In- 

 volucre surrounded with small scales or smaller leaflets ; 

 receptacle naked or slightly hairy ; pappus sessile, scaly, 

 shorter than the pericarp. For special culture, see 

 Chicory and Endive. 



C. Endivla. Endive. fl.-heads pale blue, lin. to Uin. across ; 

 peduncles axillary. I. large, sinuate, smooth, toothed. July. 

 A. 2ft China, &c. Annual. 



C. Intybns (Intybus). Chicory, fl.-heads bright blue, axillary, 

 sessile, lin. to IJin. across, growing two or three together on the 

 panicle branches. July. 1 glandular-ciliated ; lower ones ob- 

 lanceolate, runcinate-pinnatifld or dentate ; upper stem ones 

 lanceolate, half stem-clasping, broadly toothed or entire, h. 2ft. 

 to 5ft. Europe (Britain). Perennial. (Sy. En. B. 786.) 



C. splnosum (spiny), fl.-heads blue ; involucre ovate, imbricated ; 

 receptacle naked ; peduncles rigid, glabrous. I. green, sub-succu- 

 lent, glabrous, runcinate-lyrate ; terminal lobe oblong, obtuse. 

 Stem branched, divaricate ; branches ending in a spine. Greece. 

 BienniaL (S. F. G. 823.) 



CICONITJM. Included under Pelargonium (which 

 M). 



CIENKOWSKIA (named in honour of Professor L. 

 Cienkowsky, a Russian botanist of the present century). 

 ORD. Scitamineoe. A handsome stove herbaceous peren- 

 nial, now referred to Ksempferia (which see for cultiva- 

 tion). 



C. Klrkll (Kirk's), fl. lovely pale rose-purple, about Sin. in dia- 

 meter, sweet-scented ; scape slender, erect, Sin. to 4in. long. 

 August. I. elliptic-lanceolate, 6in. to 8in. long by 2iin. to 3Jin. 

 wide. h. 6in. Zanzibar, 1872. (B. M. 5994.) 



CILI2E. Marginal hairs, forming a fringe. 



CIIiIARIA. Included under Saxifraga (which 



soe). 



CIIiIATIi. Fringed with hairs. 



CIMICIFTTGA (from cimex, a bug, and fugo, to drive 

 away ; indicating certain virtues which the plants par- 

 ticularly C. elata possess). Bugwort. ORD. Ranuncu- 

 lacece. Ornamental hardy herbaceous perennials, allied 

 to Actcea. They are of easy culture in ordinary garden 

 soil. A somewhat moist and shady situation is pre- 

 ferable. All are easily propagated by division, in spring ; 

 or by seeds, sown in a cold frame as soon as ripe. 



C. americana (American).* fl. whitish : racemes panicled. 



Caro 

 1824. 



. . . . 



August and September. I. tripinnate. h. 2ft. to 3ft. Carolina, 



C. cordifolia (heart-shaped-leaved). fl. whitish ; racemes panicled. 



July and August. 1. biternate ; leaflets four or flve-lobed, 



serrated, cordate at the base. h. 2ft. to 3ft North America, 



1812. (B. M. 2069.) 

 C. elata (tall). A. whitish ; racemes panicled. June and July. 



L ternate or biternate; leaflets ovate-oblong, deeply toothed. 



ft. 2ft. Eastern Siberia, North America, &c., 1777. A foetid 



herb, used in Siberia for driving away bugs. SYN. C. fcetida. 

 C. fcetida (foetid). A synonym of C. elata. 

 C. japonlca (Japanese).* fl. white, sessile; spikes very long. 



I. large, ternate, with five or seven-lobed cordate segments. 



A. 3ft. Japan, 1879. 



C. palmata (palmate). A synonym of Trautvetteria palmate. 

 C. racemosa (racemose).* fl. white ; racemes compound, very 



long. July and August. I. triternate, with serrated or, rather, 



cut leaflets, h. 3ft. to 5ft. North America, 1732. This species 



Cimicifaga continued. 



resembles Actcea spicata, but is much larger. SYN. Aetaa 



racemcsa and C. serpentaria. (R. G. 443.) 

 C. serpentaria (snake-like). A synonym of C. racemota. 



CINCHONA (named after Countess de Chinchon, wife 

 of a Governor of Peru, who was cured of a fever in 1638 

 by this remedy). Peruvian Bark. ORD. Rubiacece. South 

 American trees, from which various kinds of Peruvian 

 bark are obtained. Flowers white or reddish ; inflores- 

 cence panicled. Leaves on stout petioles, with flat 

 margins ; stipule* ovate or oblong, foliaceous, free, deci- 

 duous. These greenhouse evergreens are of the utmost 

 importance, medicinally, and for this purpose their cul- 

 ture is of primary importance in India and many other 

 tropical countries. They are rarely grown in this 

 country, not being particularly ornamental. The best 

 compost is a mixture of turfy loam and fibry peat, with 

 a little sand and charcoal. Cuttings should be taken off 

 when ripe, and planted in a pot of sand, which should 

 be plunged, under a hand glass, in a moist heat. 



C. Callsaya. Calisaya Bark. fl. pink. I. oval-oblong, shortly 



acuminate, h. 30ft. to 40ft. Andes of Peru. 

 C. lanceolata (lanceolate). A synonym of C. officinalis. 

 /. officinalis (officinal), fl. very pale rose-colour, sup; 



pedicels, which are powdered and silky, as well as the calyx ; the 



C. officinalis (officinal), fl. very pale rose-colour, supported on 

 pedicels, which are powdered and silky, as well as the calyx ; the 

 tube of the corolla is silky, and the border white and woolly 



above ; panicle bracteate, much branched, smooth. L oval- 

 lanceolate, acute, naked on both surfaces, as well as the branches, 

 shining, h. 30ft. to 40ft. Peru. SYN. C. lanceolata. 

 Among other species of this genus are : condaminea, cordifolia, 

 microphylla, nitida, and scabra. 



CINCHOXACEJE. Included under Rubiacea 

 CINCINALIS. See Nothochlama. 



FIG. 453. FLOWERING BRANCH OP SINQLK-FLOWERKD 

 CINERARIA. 



CINERARIA (from cinerea, ash-coloured ; alluding 

 to the grey down covering the surfaces of the leaves). OBD. 

 Composites. An extensive genus of mostly herbaceous 

 plants. Pappus pilose ; receptacle naked ; involucre cam- 

 panulate, of many equal sides. Several of the hardy 

 species aro excellent plants for the herbaceous borders, 



