330 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Cineraria 



ntinued. 



lanceolate, entire. Stem simple, rather woolly. South 

 and Easte-.n Europe, 1819. Hardy perennial. (S. B. F. G. 

 iii. 256.) 



C. crnenta (purple-leaved). fl.-heads reddish-purple, cymose. 

 Spring and summer. /., radical ones cordate lobed, purplish 

 beneath ; cauline ones sessile, ovate, auricled at base. ft. 2ft. 

 Canary Islands, 1777. Greenhouse perennial. (B. M. 406.) 

 C. c. Webberlana (Webber's). This is a garden hybrid, with 

 bright blue flower-heads, raised in 1842. At the present time, it 

 would be regarded as very inferior. The ray-florets are too 

 narrow to allow it to be placed in a selection of florists' varieties, 

 judged by the now accepted standard. See Fig. 454. 

 C. geifolia (Geum-leaved). fl.-lieads yellow; peduncle branched. 

 April to August. I. long-stalked, reniform, narrowed, somewhat 

 lobed, downy; petioles auricled at end. h. 2ft. Cape of Good 

 Hope, 1710. Greenhouse evergreen shrub. 



C. lobata (lobed). jL-heads yellow, sub-corymbose ; involucre 

 calyculate. June. I. roundish, many-lobed, smooth ; petioles 

 auricled at base. ft. 3ft. Cape of Good Hope, 1774. Greenhouse 

 evergreen. 



C. longlfolia (long-leaved), ft. -heads yellow, in corymbose 

 umbels. July. I. somewhat toothed ; radical ones spathulate ; 

 cauline ones oblong-lanceolate. Stem simple, ft. 2ft. South 

 and Eastern Europe, 1792. Hardy perennial. 

 C. marltlma (sea).* fl.-heads yellow, panided ; involucre downy. 

 July to September. I. pinnatifld ; segments blunt, about three- 

 lobed, silvery, downy beneath, ft. 2ft. South Europe, 1633. 

 Hardy evergreen. See Fig. 455. (S. F. G. 871.) 

 Varieties. The single varieties being so exclusively 

 grown from mixed seed, it is hardly desirable to give a 

 selection of named kinds. These are most important to 

 the seed raiser only, to constitute and fix his strain. A 

 list of the most desirable double-flowered kinds is ap- 

 pended : 



ADA, deep blue, very full ; KATE, pure white, tinted with pink, of 

 excellent form ; MARY, light magenta-rose ; MR. THOMAS LLOYD, 

 deep blue-purple, tipped with lake, very double and floriferous 

 (see Fig. 456); ROSSINA, carmine, very double; SOPHIA, rich 

 magenta, very large and full. Additional new ones are : ECLIPSE, 

 JUNO, LILACINA, MR. R. H. VERTGANS, ROSETTA, ROSY GEM, 

 ROYAL PURPLE, and STANSTEAD RIVAL. 

 CINEREOUS. Ash-coloured, grey. 

 CINNAMODENDRON (compounded from Cinnn- 

 momum, Cinnamon, and dendron, a tree; resembling a 

 Cinnamon-tree). ORD. Canellaceoe. 



C. corticosnm (barky). /. red. ft. 50ft. West Indies, 1860. 

 This is a stove tree, the bark of which is employed as an 

 aromatic stimulant to purgatives and tonics. It requires cul- 

 tivation similar to that recommended for Canella, to which the 

 present genus is allied. (B. M. 6120.) 



CINNAMOMUM (from Einnamomon, the Greek name 

 used by Theophrastus, from the Arabic name Kinamon). 

 Cinnamon. ORD. Laurinece. Stove evergreen trees, from 

 some of which the Cassia and Cinnamon barks are obtained. 

 They thrive in a compost of peat and loam. Cuttings of 

 fine shoots will root, in April, if planted in sand, under a 

 hand glass, and plunged in a moist bottom heat. This 

 genus contains many species of great economic value ; few 

 of them are grown for any beauty which they may possess. 

 Some of the species are : aromaticus, Cassia (Bastard 

 Cinnamon), Culilawan, dulce, Malabathrum, montanum, 

 nitidum, obtusifolium, and verum. 



CINQUEFOIL. See Potentilla. 



CIONIDITJM. See Deparia. 



CIFURA (derivation unexplained). OBD. Iridece. A 

 very small genus of greenhouse bulbous plants. Flowers 

 in terminal heads ; perianth with a very short tube and 

 a six-parted limb; inner segments much the smaller. 

 Leaves ensiform. They thrive in a compost of sandy 

 loam, peat, and leaf mould. It is desirable to keep 

 them moderately dry through the winter, and to repot in 

 spring. Propagated by seed, which should be sown in a 

 slight heat, in spring ; or by offsets, which are produced 

 in abundance. 

 C. palndosa (marsh). /. white, on a short, densely imbricated, 



terminal spike. July. /. radical, linear-lanceolate, plaited, Sin. to 



5in. long, longer than the scape. Bulbs conico-globose. ft. 1ft. 



Guiana, 1752. (B. M. 646, under the name of Marica paludosa.) 



CIRC2EA (mythological name, after Circe, the famous 

 enchantress). . Enchanter's Nightshade. ORD. Onagrariece. 



Circsea continued. 



Pretty herbaceous plants. Flowers in terminal and lateral 

 racemes, covered with uncinate hairs. Leaves opposite, 

 stalked, toothed. Hoots creeping. They are of the easiest 

 possible culture, and will grow under almost any conditions. 

 Propagated readily by the running roots. 

 C. alpina (alpine), ft. pale red. July. I. cordate, toothed, 

 shining, with winged petioles, membranous. Stems ascending, 

 smoothish. ft. 4in. to 6in. Northern hemisphere (Britain). 

 (Sy. En. B. 512.) C. intermedia is a form of this species. 

 C.lntetlana (Parisian), fl. pale red. June. I. ovate, acuminated, 

 toothed, opaque, and downy, longer than the petioles. Stem 

 erect, pubescent. A. 1ft. to lift. Northern hemisphere (Britain). 

 (Sy. En. B. 511.) 



CIRCINATE. Curled round like a crook ; like the 

 young fronds of ferns. 



CIRRHJEA (the part of the flower called the rostelluin 

 is prolonged in the form of a small tendril or cirrhus). STN. 

 Scleropteris. ORD. Orchidece. An interesting genus of 

 stove Orchids (about six species are known), not remark- 

 able for any particular beauty, and, consequently, rarely 

 seen in cultivation. Flowers numerously produced on long, 

 pendulous racemes, springing from the base of the pseudo- 

 bulbs. When grown in pots, the spikes of these pretty, 

 fragrant flowers hang down all round the sides, and present 

 a very neat and effective appearance. For culture, see 

 Cymbidium. 

 C. Loddlgesii (Loddiges'). ft., sepals greenish-yellow, striped 



across with dark red, and spotted ; petals the same colour, 



without stripes; lip similarly coloured, but curiously formed. 



May. Brazil, 1827. (B. R. 1538.) 

 C. tristis (dull-coloured-flowered). /., sepals and petals dark- 



coloured, almost purple, tinged with blood-colour and greenish- 



yellow, very fragrant ; lip purple. June. ft. 9in. Mexico, 1834. 



(B. R. 1889.) 



CIRRHIFEROUS. Bearing tendrils or claspers. 

 CIRRHOFETALUM (from cirrhus, a tendril, and 

 petalon, a flower-leaf; in reference to the strap-shaped 

 petals). SYN. Ephippium. ORD. Orchideae. In this some- 

 what extensive genus (about thirty species are known, 

 but few are in cultivation) we have both very beautiful 

 and equally curious species. They are closely allied to 

 Biilbophyllum, from which genus, however, they may be 

 distinguished by having their lateral sepals very much 

 lengthened out. It is this peculiar elongation which 

 gives them their distinctive appearance and peculiar 

 charm. They are stove epiphytes, with roundish pseudo- 

 bulbs, from the top of which proceeds a single fleshy 

 leaf. Cirrhopetalums should be grown in baskets, or 

 upon blocks of wood, suspended from the roof, in such 

 a situation that they can receive a goodly share of sun, 

 air, and light. They enjoy a plentiful supply of water 

 during the summer months, and, even during winter, 

 anything like drying-off should be carefully avoided, 

 although, as a matter of course, much less water will 

 be required. In syringing, care must be taken to avoid 

 sprinkling the blossoms. When the plants are in flower, 

 they will need shading from the sun's rays. 

 C. anratnm (gold-edged).* fl. straw-colour, stained and striped 

 with crimson and gold; scape produced from the base of the 

 pseudo-bulb, very slender, bearing a crown or circular umbel of 

 delicate blossoms. Spring. I. solitary, oblong, convex, coria- 

 ceous, deep green above, but wholly purplish-red on the under 

 side. Pseudo-bulbs small, oval. Manilla, 1840. Rare and 

 elegant. (B. R. 29, 61.) 



C. cninensis (Chinese), ft. large ; upper sepals and petals purple ; 

 lateral sepals yellowish. China, 1840. A very curious species. 

 (B. R. 29, 49.) 



C. Cumingii (Cuming's).* ft. rich reddish-purple, produced in 

 great profusion, at various times of the year, and disposed in 

 large, regular, circular umbels ; lateral sepals extremely peculiar, 

 lin. long, linear, oblong, acuminate, projecting forward, and 

 having a peculiar twist at the base, which brings the outsides of 

 these two sepals on the same plane, their inner edges meeting 

 together, like the elytra, or wing cases, of some insects of the 

 Buprestis kind. Philippines, 1839. A charming species, but still 

 rare. (B. M. 4996.) 



C. flagclliformo (whip-like). A synonym of C. Pahudii. 

 C. Mednsce (Medusa's).* ft. pale straw-coloured, dotted with 

 pink, in dense heads, on an erect scape ; two of the three sepals 



