AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



335 



Citrus con tinned. 



C. Anranttnm (golden).' Sweet Orange, fr. golden, globose, 

 with a thin rind and tweet pulp. 1. ovate-oblong, acuminate : 

 petioles almost naked, A. 10ft to 30ft. Asia, 1595 See Fig. 460. 



C. decnmana (huge). Shaddock, fr. very large and round, 

 about the size of a cannon-ball, often lOlb. to 141b. weight ; rind 

 even, of a greenish-yello_w colour, thick, fungous, and bitter. I. 

 oval, obtuse, or emarginate, pubescent beneath ; petioles with 

 broad cordate wings ; branches prickly, h. 18ft. Assumed to 

 have been derived from Polynesia ; now naturalised in manv 

 tropical countries. 1722. See Fig. 461. 



C. japonlca (Japanese). Kumquat fr. globose or shortly 

 ellipsoid, bright orange-yellow, four to six-celled ; rind thick, 

 minutely tuberculate ; pulp watery, sweet, and acidulous. A. 4ft 

 to 6ft A cultivated form, from China and Japan. Mr. Fortune 

 who introduced it gives the following hints as to its cultivation 

 In summer, it requires a plentiful supply of water, at a tempera- 

 ture of SOdeg. or lOOdeg. and a high atmospheric heat continued 

 into autumn, whilst in winter it should be kept cool and rather 

 dry, for it will then bear lOdeg. and even 15deg. of frost. It 

 succeeds well grafted on Citrus trifoliata. The Kumqnat is a 

 well-known ingredient in Chinese sweetmeats. See Fig. 462. 



C. Llmetta (Lime).* Sweet Lime, or Lemon Bergamotte. fr. 

 globose, with a blunt, nipple-like protuberance at the apex', a 

 rinn rind, and sweet pulp. I. ovate-roundish, serrated ; petioles 

 subulate. A. 8ft. to 15ft. Asia, 1648. Adam's Apple is a name 

 sometimes given to the fruit of this species. 



C. Umomun.* Lemon, fr. oblong, with a very thin yellow 

 rind, which adheres to the acid pulp. I. oval-oblong, crenu- 

 lated ; petioles somewhat winged. A. 8ft to 10ft Asia 164a 

 (B. M. PL 54.) 



FIG. 463. FRUITING BRANCH OP CITRON, or CKDRAT 

 (CITRUS MEDICA). 



C. medlca ("the fruits of the Citron were called Mala medico, or 

 ilaia perfica, by the Romans, from the country of their origin").* 

 Citron, or Cedrat fr. often 6in. long, ovate, with a protuberance 

 at the tip ; usually nine-celled ; pulp white, and commonly acid ; 

 rind yellow, thick, hardish, odoriferous, irregular ; esculent, both 

 raw and preserved. I oblong, obtuse ; petioles naked. Branches 

 spiny. A. 8ft to 16ft Asia,l648. See Fig. 463. 



C. m. acida (acid). The cultivated West Indian Lime. This is 

 a variety of C. medico, with smaller globose fruit. It is the 



Citrus continued. 



principal source whence citric acid la obtained, and is lareelv 

 ' "y in Monteerrat and DornSka 



grown in the West Indies 

 (B. M. 6745.) 



FIQ. 464 FRUITING BRANCH OP MAXDARI.N ORAXGE 

 (CITRUS XOBII.IS). 



C. nobllis (noble).* Mandarin Orange, fr. reddish, both without 

 and within, containing sweet juice, and having edible sweet rind; 

 depressed, nine to twelve-celled. I. somewhat ovate; petioles 

 rather linear, straight. Branches ascending, unarmed. A. 15ft 

 China, 1805. See Fig. 464. (A. B. R. 608.) 



C. trifoliata (three-leaved), fr. orange-yellow, spherical, about 

 liin. in diameter. I. trifoliate ; leaflets sessile, elliptic-obtuse, 

 on a winged petiole. Branches robust, often more or less 

 flattened, bearing stiff spines. A. 4ft. Japan. Hardy. Svx. 

 PgeudcegU tepiaria. (B. M. 6513.) 



C. vnlgaris (common). Common Seville or Bitter Orange. 

 jr. globose, with a thin, scabrous, or smooth rind, and a bitter 

 acrid pulp. 1. elliptical, acuminate, crennlated ; petioles with a 

 heart-shaped wing. Stem erect ; branches spiny. A. 20iL to 30ft 

 Asia, 1595. 



GIVES. See Chives. 



CLADKASTIS (derivation obscure). ORD. Legumi- 



nosce. A small genus, containing but a couple of species 



of hardy deciduous trees. They succeed in almost any soil 



or situation. Propagated by imported seed, sown in the 



open air, in spring ; or by cuttings of the roots. (It is only 



during hot seasons that seeds are ripened in this country.) 



C. amnrensls (Amoor).* Jl. greenish-white, small, disposed in 



long, dense, erect racemes. I. unequally pinnate, with three to 



four pairs of ovate-oblong leaflets. A. 6ft Amoor Valley, 1880. 



Very ornamental STN. Maactia amurensit. (B. M. 6551.) 



C. tlnctorla (dyers'). JL white, drooping from the ends of the 



branches in ample panicled racemes. May. I. nearly smooth, 



pinnate ; leaflets from seven to eleven, oval or ovate. North 



America. SYN. VirsrUia lutea. 



CLAMMY. Viscid, sticky. 



CLAXLKXA (named after Captain Clarke, the com- 

 panion of Capt. Lewis, in his journey to the Kocky 

 Mountains of North America). OBD. Onagrarieas. Elegant 

 slender branching animala. Flowers axillary, sessile, soli- 

 tary; petals four, cruciate, usually three-lobed, convolute 

 in aestivation. Leaves alternate, lanceolate, or linear, 

 entire. These charming flowers are Tery largely grown in 

 gardens, on account of their extreme showiness and easy 

 culture. Seeds may be sown in spring or autumn, out of 

 doors. When the plants are in their flowering quarters, 

 a distance of 9in. to 12in. apart should be allowed. 



C. elegans (elegant).* JL of a rich lake colour; petals entire, 

 without teeth or the claw. Summer. L lanceolate, dentate. A. 

 2ft California, 1832. (B. R 1575.) There are many forms of this 

 species, including white, rose, and double-flowered varieties, many 



