AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



343 



Clianthus continued. 



are sown in these, late in summer, the plants may remain 

 until the following spring, when they should be potted on, 

 without disturbing the roots in any way, into the full size 

 in which they are to flower. C. puniceus especially, and 

 sometimes C. Dampieri, will grow well out of doors in the 

 south-western counties, when trained against a wall ; but 

 sufficient protection should always be given during the 

 winter to prevent injury from frost. In Ireland, their 

 hardihood is substantially the same. 

 C. carnens (flesh-coloured). See Streblorhiza i 



FIG. 476. CLIANTHUS DAMPIERI, showing Habit and Side View of 

 Single Flower. 



C. Dampieri (Dampieri).* Glory Pea. Jl. red, with a black or 

 dark purple blotch at the base of the standard, 4in. or 5in. across 

 when expanded, five or six together ; racemes drooping. March. 

 I. neatly winged, silvery-grey, villous. h. 2ft. North and South 

 Australia and New South Wales, 1852. Herbaceous perennial. 

 When planting this outside, a hot, dry, and sunny position under 

 a south wall should be selected, and the plant should be kept 

 as dry as possible. See Fig. 476. (B. M. 5051.) C. D. marginata 

 is the best of several varieties now in cultivation ; in this 

 form, the ground is white, bordered with red, and the spot 

 black. 1866. 



C. puniceus (reddish).* Parrot's Bill. fl. scarlet, very freely 

 produced ; keel large, boat-shaped, with a long beak. May. 

 I., leaflets alternate, oblong, retuse, coriaceous. Plant branched, 

 shrubby, clothed with appressed silky hairs, h. 3ft New Zea- 

 land, 1832. Half-hardy climber. This has not yet been discovered 

 in a truly wild state, but it is a favourite with the Maories, who 

 grow it near their habitations. (B. M. 3584.) C. magnificut is a 

 strong-growing variety of this species. 



CLICK BEETLES (Agriotes linealus, A. obscurus, 

 &c.). These Beetles are long, narrow, slaty-brown, black, 

 or reddish. They may frequently be observed on grass 

 land during summer. The common name is derived from 

 the fact that the Beetle, when laid on its back, recovers 

 its position by a spring, which is accompanied by a 

 peculiar " clicking " sound. The grubs Wireworms 

 of these Beetles are amongst the most destructive pests 

 to both farm and garden crops. 



The following remedies may be recommended for the 

 extermination of the grubs. For fuller particulars, see 

 Wireworms. 



Traps, such as carrots, or slices of potato or turnip, 

 placed about numerously in the ground, and carefully 

 looked over every day, will greatly help to effect a clear- 

 ance. 



Nitrate of Soda, or Salt, may be applied to land intended 

 for farm crops. It will tend to destroy the Wireworms 

 where they exist in large quantities, and will also act as a 

 manure. 



CLIDEMIA (named in honour of Cleidemus, an 

 ancient Greek botanist). ORD. Melastomaceae. Hispid 

 or hairy shrubs, from tropical America. Flowers white, 



Clidemia continued. 



rose-coloured, or purple, paniculate or in axillary clusters, 

 rarely terminal. Leaves usually crenated, three to seven- 

 nerved. The genus contains about forty species, few of 

 which are of any horticultural value. 



CLIMATE. This term denotes the particular modi- 

 fication, constitution, or state of the atmosphere of any 

 region or country, relative to heat, wind, moisture in 

 fact, all meteorological phenomena. The climatal in- 

 fluence exercised over plants is very marked. When 

 acclimatising any plant, it is, as a rule, desirable to 

 imitate, as closely as possible, those conditions of soil and 

 temperature under which it exists in Nature. This is 

 especially the case as regards the constitution of the soil 

 and drainage. Of course, in estimating the temperature 

 required for any plant, its natural habitat must be 

 correctly known, both as to latitude and altitude. These 

 are points which, if followed generally, would save much 

 disappointment and loss. The climatal conditions of the 

 locality should be one of the gardener's chief studies. 



CUMBERS are plants which attach themselves to 

 some support, by means of tendrils, petioles, roots, &c., 

 and must be technically distinguished from twiners, 

 which rise by twisting their stems round any support. 



CLINTONIA (named in honour of De Witt Clinton, 

 at one time Governor of the State of New York). ORD. 

 Liliacece. Lovely and interesting herbaceous perennials, 

 admirably adapted for borders. They should be included 

 in every collection of choice hardy plants. Clintonias 

 thrive in sandy peat, in a damp, shady situation. Pro- 

 pagated by division of the roots, in spring. (The genus 

 very commonly known as Clintonia (Douglas), belonging 

 to Lobeliaceoe, is more properly called Downingia, as the 

 Clintonia of Rafinesque has priority over that of Douglas). 

 See Downingia. 



C. Andrewsiana (Andrews's).* Jl. deep rose - coloured, bell- 

 shaped, from Jin. to lin. in length, disposed in umbels, suc- 

 ceeded by blue berries. I. broadly oblong to oblanceolate, acute 

 or acuminate, h. 2ft. California. 



C. borealis (Northern), fl. yellowish-green, in a small terminal 

 umbel. May. t radical, elliptical, ciliate. h. 1ft. North 

 America, 1778. Sm Smilacina Soreali*. (B. M. 1403.) 

 C. pnlcnella. See Downingia pnlchella. 

 C. umbellata (umbelled). fl. whitish, disposed in a capitate 

 umbel, on a leafless scape. May. I. radical, oblong, ovate, deep 

 green, h. 6in. North America, 1778. SYN. Smilacina borealit 

 var. (B. M.1155.) 



C. unlflora (one-flowered).* /. white, usually solitary, rarely two, 

 nearly lin. long, pubescent. July. I. lanceolate, acute, attenu- 

 ated below, much longer than the peduncle, h. 6in. North 

 America. SYN. Smilacina uniflora. (H. F. B. A. 2, 190.) 



CLITORIA (from clitoris, an anatomical term, a 

 resemblance to the object denoted by which has been 

 fancied to exist in the flower). Including Ternatea. ORD. 

 Leguminosce. Very handsome stove evergreen climbers. 

 Flowers axillary, pedicellate, large, elegant. Leaves 

 impari-pinnate, having two to numerous pairs of leaflets ; 

 but usually the leaves are pinnately-trifoliolate, and the 

 leaflets stipellate. They thrive in a compost of peat, loam, 

 and sand. Cuttings of stubby side shoots will root in 

 sandy soil, if placed in heat, and covered with a bell 

 glass ; but the best method of increasing them is by seeds, 

 which occasionally ripen in this country. 

 C. brazillana (Brazilian). Jl. pink, large ; pedicels twin, one- 

 flowered ; bracts ovate, longer than, and hiding, the calyx. July. 

 1. pinnately trifoliate ; leaflets ovate - oblong, glabrous. Brazil, 

 1759. 



C. heterophylla (various-leaved).* fl. blue; pedicels solitary, 

 one-flowered; bracteoles small, acute. July. t. inipan-pinnate, 

 with two to four pairs of roundish, ovate, or linear leaflets. 

 Tropics everywhere, 1812. (B. M. 2111.) 



C. mariana (Maryland), fl. pale blue and flesh-coloured ; pedi- 

 cels solitary, one to three-flowered; bracteoles lanceolate, smooth. 

 August. I. pinnately trifoliate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate. United 

 States, Ac., 1759. 



C. ternatea (three-leafleted).* fl. very curious and beautiful, 

 being of a clear azure, set off by a horseshoe-sliaped ring of 

 white ; pedicels solitary, one-flowered ; bracteoles large, rout 



