AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



345 



Cneornm continued. 



to the Mediterranean region and the Canary Islands. It 

 comprises but the two species here described. 



C. pnlverulentum (powdery).* jL axillary; pedicels adnate t<- 

 the base of the bracts. April to September. I. linear, entire. 

 A, 1ft. to 3ft. Teneriffe, 1822. Plant covered with greyish 

 powder. 



C. tricoccnm (three-berried). Spurge Olive, ft. axillary pedi- 

 cels not adnate to the bracts. A. 1ft. to 2ft. South Europe', 1793. 

 Plant smooth. See Fig. 477. 



CNESTIS (from kneo, to scratch; in allusion to the 

 capsules being covered on the outside with stinging hairs). 

 OBD. ConnaraceoB. Ornamental stove evergreen shrubs or 

 small trees, with axillary, racemose, rarely paniculate in- 

 florescence, and impari-pinnate leaves. All are natives 

 of tropical and Southern Africa, Madagascar, and the 

 islands of the Indian Archipelago. They require a com- 

 post of loam and peat, both of which should be fibry, 

 with the addition of a small quantity of sand. Cuttings 

 of ripe young shoots will root in sand, if placed in 

 bottom heat, and covered with a bell glass. About ten 

 species are known to science ; perhaps not one is now 

 in cultivation in this country. 



CNICT7S (from chnisein, to injure ; alluding to the 

 prickly armature of the plant). Thistle. STN. Cirsiwn. 

 OBD. Composite. A genus containing about 200 species of 

 annual, biennial, and perennial herbs, of which but vary 

 few are in cultivation, and still fewer are worth the trouble 

 of growing. Pappus deciduous, feathery ; involucre swell- 

 ing, imbricated with spinons scales ; receptacle hairy. 

 They are all of the easiest culture in ordinary soil. Pro- 

 pagated by seeds, sown in spring. 



C. acanlis (stemless).* jl.-headt purple ; involucre ovoid, glabrous. 

 Summer. I. stalked, glabrous, radical, lanceolate, pinnatifid ; 

 lobes sub-trifid, spinous. h. 2ft. Europe (Britain). Perennial 

 (Sy. En. B. 692.) P 



C. altissimns (tallest).* JL-headt purple; involucre bracteate, 

 ovate. August. L sessile, oblong-lanceolate, scabrous, downy 

 beneath, toothed, ciliated ; radical ones pinnatifid. A. 3ft. to 

 10ft. United States, 1726. Hardy herbaceous perennial. (Q. C. 

 n. s., xL 437.) 



C. ambignus (ambiguous), fl.-headt purple. July and August. 

 I. ciliate, spiny, downy beneath ; lower ones stalked, oblong, acu- 

 minate, sub-sinuate ; upper ones pinnatifid, auricled. h, 2ft. 

 Tyrol, <fcc., 1820. Hardy perennial. 



C. benedlctus (blessed). Blessed Thistle. An ornamental 

 biennial, with large deep green leaves, which are blotched and 

 marbled with silvery-white. South Europe. This plant now 

 forms a genus by itself ; its proper name is Carbtnia benedicta, 



C. ciliatns (ciliated). JL-headg purple ; involucre ovate. August. 

 i. amplexicaul, hispid, pinnatifid ; segments two-lobed, spreading, 

 spiny, downy beneath, h. 3ft. Siberia, 1787. Hardy perenniaL 



C. conspicuus (conspicuous). JL-headt scarlet, large and very 

 handsome, terminal ; involucre long, conical. I. alternate, ses- 

 sile ; lower ones 6in. to Sin. long, deeply pinnatifid, or even 

 bipinnatitid ; margin waved and sinuated, and armed with short 

 brown or purplish spines. Stem 3ft. to 6ft. high, erect, much 

 branched, angled and farrowed. Mexico. Biennial. SY.X. Ery- 

 throtena eontpieua. (B. M. 2909.) 



C. discolor (two-coloured). JL-headt pale purple, rarely white; 

 involucre globose, with cobweb down. July, August. I. sessile, 

 pinnatifld, hairy, downy beneath ; segments two-lobed, spreading, 

 spiny. A. 2ft. United States, 1803. Biennial 



C. Douglas!! (Douglas's). A synonym of C. undulatut. 



C. erlophorus (wool-bearing). JLheadt purple ; involucre woolly, 

 spherical. July. L sessile, pinnatifld, every other segment 

 pointing upwards, spinv, scabrous. A. 2ft Europe (Britain). 

 Biennial (Sy. En. B. 687.) 



C. Graham! (Graham's). JL-headt rich crimson, large. L lanceo- 

 late, sinuate, spiny-toothed, snow-white beneath. A. 3ft. to 5ft. 

 New Mexico, 1871. A handsome thistle, with slender-branched 

 snow-white stems. Biennial. 



C. spinosissimos (most spiny).* JL-headt pale yellow, terminal, 

 clustered. June to August. I. amplexicaul, pinnatifld, toothed, 

 spiny, pubescent. Stem simple. A. 3ft Europe, 1759. Hardy 

 perenniaL (B. M. 1366.) 



C. undulatns (undulated).* JL-headt purple, corymbose, scarcely 

 rising above the leaves ; scales of the involucre smooth, purplish, 

 spiny at the point Summer. L pinnatifld, the lateral lobes 

 elongated, often bifid, terminal lobe elongated; more or less 

 spiny, h. 1ft California. PerenniaL SY>. C. 



COARCTATE. Preyed together. 



COB.2EA (named after B. Cobo, a Spanish botanist). 

 OBD. Polemoniacece. Very ornamental rapid-growing green- 

 house or conservatory perennials. Flowers large, campann- 

 late, solitary, and axillary; calyx foliaceous, persistent. 

 Leaves pinnate, with two or three pairs of leaflets, and a 

 terminal tendril. They are readily raised from seeds, in 

 spring, a gentle bottom heat alone being necessary if the 

 seeds are new ; old seeds are not reliable. A free and mode- 

 rately rich soil is necessary. Cobaeas do best if planted 

 out, but, at the same time, they thrive in large pots. In 

 autumn, the long shoots can be pruned back, and fresh 

 growth will be made in spring. The general gracefulness 

 and very floriferous habit of these plants render them 

 peculiarly well adapted for growing against bare walls, 

 arches, porches, &c. For outdoor culture, they are gene- 

 rally, and most effectively, treated as annuals. The 

 variegated form of C. tcanden* must be increased by cut- 

 tings, taken when young, in spring, and inserted in pots of 

 sandy soil, placed in gentle bottom heat. 



C. pendnliflora (drooping-flowered).* JL on drooping peduncles ; 

 corolla green, campanulate, with the tube lin. long, divided at 

 the edge into five strap-shaped, pendulous, wavy lobes, 3in. to 

 4in. long, which impart to the flowers an unique appearance. 

 December. L formed of two pairs of small oblong acute leaflets. 

 Caraccas, 1868. A graceful, slender, cool stove climber. (B. M. 



Fio. 478. FLOWERING BRANCH OF CORSA SCAN DENS. 



C. scandena (climbing).* JL large, campanulate, with a abort 

 dark purple tube ; lobes of corolla rather spreading, broad, short, 

 roundish, imbricated, ciliated. May to October. L, leaflets three 

 pairs, elliptic, mucronate, marginate, and slightly ciliated ; lower 

 pair close to the stem, and sub-auriculate on one side at the base. 

 Tendrils branched. Mexico. 1792. See Fig. 47& (B. M- 85L) 

 There is a very ornamental form, having variegated foliage. 

 C. macrostema, Guayaquil, and C. ttipulari*, Mexico, are two 



interesting yellowish -green flowered species; but those described 



above are the best for general cultivation. 



COB NUTS. 



Corylus. 



