AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



385 



Corylns continued. 



less than six branches trained in the shape alluded to. 

 These, when old enough, produce the lateral growths for 

 fruit production, and the young free growths at the top 

 are generally loaded with the male catkins in spring. 



PLANTING is best performed in October. The proper 

 distance apart is from 10ft. to 20ft. each way. Some of 

 the fertile dwarf varieties may be inserted closer. On 

 rich soils, Filberts grow much wider and higher, many 

 of the stronger ones reaching a height of 20ft., with a 

 spread of branches as much or more in diameter. Such 

 vigorous growth is not to be encouraged, as it does not 

 conduce to free frnitfulness. 



GATHERING AND STORING. Neither Filberts nor Nuts 

 should be gathered till quite ripe, which is easily known 

 by the brown colour of the Nut, the tint of the husk, 

 and the ease with which the Nuts leave the latter. Fil- 

 berts will not keep well in the husks if gathered before 

 they are ripe. Nor must they be left until so ripe as to 

 allow the Nuts to leave the husks when the trees are 

 slightly agitated. In order to prevent the husks becoming 

 mouldy when stored, they should first be well dried. 

 Some cultivators expose them to sulphur fumes as a pre- 

 ventative ; others store Nuts in casks or jars, and sprinkle 

 them over with salt, for the same purpose, before covering 

 up. They must always be kept in a cool, dry place after 

 being packed. 



DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER or NUTS AND FILBERTS. 

 This is so often a bewildering question to amateurs, that 

 it may be well to explain fully. The difference lies solely 

 in the length of the husks. Nuts with husks as long as, or 

 longer than, the Nuts themselves, are called Filberts. All 

 that have husks shorter than the fruit are designated 

 Nuts. Some varieties, if this rule were strictly applied, 

 could hardly be referred to either. Again, Filberts served 

 without their husks are called Nuts. 



INSECTS, Ac. The Nut crop is sometimes much injured 

 by the Nut Weevil (Eolamntt* nucum), which pierces 

 and inserts a single egg within the shell of the tender 

 Nut, in spring. This, by the time the Nut is nearly 

 matured, forms into a small grub, and, eating its way 

 out, falls to, and buries itself in, the ground, where it 

 becomes a pupa, and emerges as a perfect insect the 

 following season. The only preventative is to gather 

 any perforated nuts that may be shaken off early in the 

 season, and burn them. The Squirrel and Dormouse are 

 also well-known as being most destructive animals to the 

 Nut crop, as, apart from what are eaten by them at the 

 time, as many as possible are stored for a future supply. 



C. amerlcana (American). American Hazel. /., males greyish ; 

 females crimson. ApriL Nnt brown, ripe in October; invo- 

 lucre of the fruit roundish, campanulate, longer than the nut ; 

 limb spreading, dentately serrated. I. roundish, cordate, acumi- 

 nate. A. 4ft to 8ft Canada to Florida, in low, shady woods, 

 1798. Shrub. 



C. Avellana (Avellino).* Common Hazel or Filbert ; Wood Nnt. 

 JL, males greyish ; females crimson. ApriL Nut brown, ripe in 

 October ; involucre of the fruit campanulate, rather spreading, 

 torn at the margin I. roundish, cordate, pointed ; stipules 

 oblong, obtuse, h. 20ft. and upwards. Europe (Britain), North 

 Africa, and temperate Asia, 



C. Colnrna (Colurna).* Constantinople Hazel. JL as in the 

 common Hazel, but longer and larger. Nut small ; inTolncre of 

 the fruit double, the exterior many-partite, the inner three- 

 partite ; divisions palmate. L roundish-ovate, cordate ; stipules 

 lanceolate, acuminate. A. 60ft. Asia Minor, 1665. 



C. heterophylla (variable-leaved). I. cordate at the base, 

 broadly obovate, irregularly toothed, five to seven-lobed, the 

 lateral lobes often as long as the terminal one. Nut globose, 

 scarcely inclosed by the large irregularly-cut bracts with spread- 

 ing lobes. Eastern Asia, 18SO. A very distinct shrub or small tree. 



C. rostrata (beaked). Flowers and fruit as in the common Hazel. 

 Involucre of the fruit tubular, campanulate, larger than the nut. 

 bipartite : divisions inciso-dentate. I. ovate, oblong, acuminate ; 

 stipules linear-lanceolate, h. 4ft. to 5ft. Canada to Carolina, on 

 mountains, 1745. A bushy shrub. This species closely resembles 

 the common European Hazel ; but is distinguished from it by its 

 fruit being covered with the calyx, which is prolonged in the 

 form of a long, hairy beak, whence the specific name. 



Corylua continued. 



C. tnbulosa (tubular).* Lambert's Filbert Nut large, oblong ; 

 shell thick and strong, the kernel being covered with a red skin ; 

 husk long, rather smooth, serrated at the edges, longer than the 

 nut A fine, strong-growing, free-fruiting variety. It is also 

 known aa Filbert Cob, Great Cob, Kentish Cob, Large Bond 

 Nut Ac. 

 Of C. Avellana and C. tubulosa there are numerous 



varieties, the most important of which are enumerated 



below : 



Alba.* White Filbert This is one of the finest varieties in 

 cultivation. From the peculiar structure of the husk, which 

 contracts, rather than opens, at the outer edge, this Filbert can 

 be kept longer in its cover than most others. This is also 

 known as Avelinier Blanche, Wrotham Park, <fec. 



Cosford.* Miss Young's. Thin-shelled. Nut oblong, of excellent 

 quality ; husk hirsute, deeply laciniated, about as long as the 

 nut This is valuable from the thinness of its shell, as no nut- 

 crackers are needed in order to get at its contents. 



Crispa.* Cape-nut Frizzled Filbert Nuts thin, somewhat 

 flattened, late ; husks richly and curiously frizzled throughout, 

 open wide at the mouth, and hanging about as long again as the 

 nut This is an enormous cropper, producing its fruit in clusters. 



Down ton Large Square.* Nnt very large ; shell thick and 

 well-filled ; husk smooth, shorter than the nut A peculiarly- 

 formed semi-square nut of the highest quality. 



Grandis.* Bound Cob-nut Nut large, short, slightly compressed, 

 very thick and hard ; husk shorter than the fruit, much frizzled 

 and hairy. This is supposed to be the true Barcelona Nnt of 

 commerce, and is one of the finest grown. The quality is good, 

 and is at its highest when the nut is first gathered. It has 

 numerous synonyms, including the following : Barcelona, Down- 

 ton, Dwarf Prolific, Great Cob, Prolific, and Round Cob. 



Purple-leaved Filbert.* I. large and fine, and as deeply 

 coloured as the finer varieties of Purple Beech. Nuts and husks 

 of the same colour, which they retain ; hiu>ks longer than the 

 nuts, and hairy. This is a very ornamental and distinct plant 

 for shrubbery borders, apart from its value in producing a nut of 

 excellent quality. 



Bed Filbert. Avelinier Rouge, Red Hazel. Nut medium size, 

 ovate; shell thick; husk long, hispid. A good free-bearing 

 variety, of fine quality. 



Spanish. Nut very large, oblong ; shell thick ; husk smooth, 

 longer than the fruit A very large variety, sometimes con- 

 founded with the Round Cob-nut and its synonyms. 

 CORYMB. A raceme, the pedicels of which are 



gradually shorter as they approach the summit, so that 



the result is a flat-headed inflorescence, as in Candytuft. 

 COBYNOCARFUS (from koryne, a club, and karpcs, 



a fruit; in reference to the shape of the fruit). ORD. 



Anacardiacecf. A greenhouse evergreen shrub. For 



culture, see Ardisia. 



a ISBVlgatns (smooth), fi. white, disposed in large, terminal 

 ~iM. f r . plum-like ; when fully ripe, the drupaceous coat is 

 " atfves, i 



eaten by .na 



as are also' the kernels after the poisonous 



in salt water. alternate, stalked, obovato, waflpl 

 sub-emarginate, quite entire, glabrous. A. 20ft New 



property they are said to possess is dissipated by steaming or 

 maceration 1 in salt water, /.alien 

 shaped, sub-emarginate, qu 

 Zealand, 1823. (KM. 4379.) 



CORYNOFHALLUS (from koryne, a club, and 

 phallos, a mace ; alluding to the club-shaped appendix to 

 the spadix). ORD. Aroideas. A genus now included under 

 AmorpJiophallus. For culture, &c., see Caladitun. 

 C. Afzelii (Afzelins 1 ). JL, spathe tubular below, expanding abova 

 into a broadly ovate-acute limb, marbled outside, purple within, 

 and marked with white stripes ; spadix dilated above into a club- 

 shaped mass ; produced at a different time from the leaves. L on 

 slender petioles 1ft to 2ft high ; the limb is divided into three 

 main divisions, each of which is again split up into three, rarely 

 two, subdivisions, these latter are in their turn pinnatisect ; 

 ultimate segments Tarying in length and breadth, but always 

 decurrent at the base, and sharply pointed at the apex. Tropical 

 Africa, 1873. (G. C. 1872, 1619.) 



C, A. elegans (elegant).* 1., segments very narrow, and mow 

 drooping than in either of the other varieties; leafstalk green, 

 self-coloured. 



L, segments broader, and not so 



umtu B uinju..vK . u. .. w,iers ; each main subdivision being 

 divided into two segments, and these again bear two or three 

 ultimate segments only. 



C. A. spectabills (showy).* Lower part of the stem puce- 

 coloured, and marked with dark linear oblong spots. 



CORYNOSTYLIS (from koryne, a club, and stylos, a 

 column ; alluding to the club-shaped style). STN. Colyp- 

 frion. ORD. Violarieat. Elegant climbing stove shrubs. 

 Flowers white, huge; petals five, the lower one largo, 



3 D 



C. A. latlfolla (broad-leaved). , 

 much subdivided as in the others ; each main subdivision being 



