AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



387 



Cosmos continued. 

 C. tennlf olios (slender-lea veil), jl-headt rich purple ; outer bracts 



of involucre less acuminate than those of C. bipinnatu*. 



Autumn. /. very finely cut, almost Fennel-like. A. If t to 2ft 



Mexico. Annual. (B. R. 2007.) 



COSSIGNIA (named after M. Cossigny, a French 

 naturalist, once resident at Pondicherry, who presented 

 Commerson with an herbarium of the plants of Coro- 

 mandel). ORD. Sapindcicea. An ornamental store shrub, 

 with impari-pinnate leaves. A compost of two parts loam, 

 and one each of peat and sand, salts the Cosaignia. 

 Thorough drainage, and a liberal supply of water, aro 

 essential points in its culture. " This plant may be in- 

 creased by cuttings of the ripo wood, inserted in sand, 

 and plunged in a strong moist heat ; we have not, how- 

 ever, found them root very freely" (B. S. Williams). 

 C. borbonlca (Bourbon). A synonym of C. pinnata. 

 C. pinnata (pinnate).* JL white, panicled. L impari-pinnate, with 



from three to fire oblong, entire leaflets, somewhat scabrous 



above, dark green, with bright orange-yellow veins beneath, A. 



10ft to 20ft Mauritius, 181L STX. a fcorixmieo. 



COSSUS. See Goat Moth. 



COSTA. The midrib of a leaf; that part which is a 

 direct extension of the petiole, whence the veins arise. 



COSTS. Any longitudinal elevations. 



COSTATE. Bibbed. 



COSTMARY, or ALECOST (Tanacetum Bahamita). 

 A hardy perennial, native of the Orient, but now become 

 naturalised in many parts of South Europe. The leaves 

 were formerly put into ale, and are now sometimes used 

 in salads. The plant has a peculiar odour, and is not 

 much used in this country. Propagation is effected by 

 division of the roots, in early spring or in autumn, plant- 

 ing 2ft. apart, in a dry, warm situation, where they 

 may remain for several years. 



COSTUS (an ancient name, adopted from Pliny). STN. 

 Tiiana. OED. Scitamineae. A genus of about twenty-five 

 species of stove perennial herbs, few of which are in culti- 

 vation. Flowers in spikes, with overlapping bracts ; tube 

 of corolla funnel-shaped ; the outer segments of the limb 

 equal ; the innermost, or middle segment the lip or la- 

 bellum large, bell-shaped. Leaves fleshy. Boots tuberous. 

 The species are of simple culture in a compost of sandy 

 loam, to which a little peat is added. Propagated easily 

 by dividing the roots. 



C. Afer (Afer). JL white, tinged with yellow. Summer. L ovate- 

 elliptic, narrowly acuminate. A. 2ft Sierra Leone, 1821. (B. M. 



4979.) 

 C. Igneus (fiery).* JL. bright orange-scarlet I. elliptic, acuminate, 



ghTbrons. A. 1ft to 3ft Babia?1882. (L H. n. s. 51L) 

 C. Malortteanns (Malortie's).* JL golden-yellow, marked with 



irregular orange-red bands. L large, obovate, acute, shortly 



stalled. A. 1ft to 3ft Costa Kica, i860. (B. M. 5894.) 

 C. speciosus (showy). Jl. white. August L silky beneath. A. 



3ft. India, 1799. (P. M. B. 4, 245.) 

 C. spiralis (spiral). JL scarlet November. I. long-elliptic, 



thick, shining. A. 4ft Caraccas. 



COTONEASTER (from Cotoneum, the Quince-tree, 

 and aster, like; similar to the Quince-tree). Bose Box. 

 OBD. Rosacece. A genus of hardy shrubs or small trees. 

 Flowers white or pink, small, solitary, or in axillary or 

 terminal cymes, sometimes polygamous; petals five, im- 

 bricate in bud; stamens twenty, inserted at the mouth 

 of the calyx. Leaves simple, coriaceous, quite entire, 

 generally woolly beneath. There are about fifteen species, 

 all of which are excellent for shrubberies and gardens; 

 several are very ornamental when trained against a waH, 

 where their intense scarlet fruits remain very conspicuous 

 throughout the winter. Cotoneasters are of easy cul- 

 tivation in ordinary garden soil They may be readily 

 propagated by seed, which should be sown in spring; by 

 cuttings, in autumn ; by layers, at the same time ; or by j 

 grafting on C. vulgari* or the common Quince, or on the 

 Hawthorn. 



C. acuminate (taper-pointed). JL pink; cymes one to fire- 

 flowered, very short. April and May. Jr. turbmate, scarlet 



L ovate, acuminated, or acute, at length glabrous beneath. 



continued. 



14ft Xepaul, 1820. Deciduous. SY.V. 

 (L.B.C.9197) 



(staff-like). JL. cymes short, many-flowered, 

 L oblong or obovate, or oblong-lanceolate, woolly 

 or giaoreseen beneath, acute or obtuse, narrowed into the petiole. 

 NepauL Hardy deciduous. Much used for walking sticks, hence 

 the specific name. 



C. bnjcifolla (Box-leaved).* JL white, rather large ; cymes two to 

 six-flowered, woolly, short April and May. L elliptic-acute or 

 apiciuate-ovate, woolly beneath, evergreen. A. 3ft to 4ft 

 Nilghiri, Ac., 1824. 



C. fslglda (frigid).* JL white ; cymes woolly, very many -flowered. 

 April and May. L oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute, narrowed 

 to the ban. tomentose beneath. A. 10ft Nepaul, 1824. A sub- 

 evergreen shrub or tree. (B.B. 1229.) 



C. laxiflora Goose-flowered). JL pink; cymes panicled, pflose; 

 calyces quite smooth. ApriL L oblong, obtuse at both ends, 

 woolly beneath. A. 3ft to 5ft 1826. Deciduous. (B. E. 1306.) 



C. mleropnylla (small-leaved).* JL white, usually solitary. 

 April andMay. L ovate or obovate, acute, retuse or obtus, 

 glossy above, pubescent or tomentose beneath. A. 3ft to 4ft 

 HajMl, 1824. Evergreen. (B. R. 1114.) "Grafted standard 

 high on the thorn, or any of its congeners," says London, " thi> 

 shrub forms a singular and beautiful evergreen drooping tree ; 

 or it will cover a naked wall nearly as rapidly as Ivy ; and H 

 a decided advantage over that plant in its shoots, 

 inches from the 

 likely to injnre 

 the plants growing near if 



C. multlflora (many-flowered). JL white ; cymes three to ten- 

 flowered, on short or long, nearly glabrous peduncles. May. 

 L ovate elliptic, or obovate-acute, obtuse or rounded at the tip, 

 glabrous above, glaucous and glabrous or faintly silky beneath. 

 A. 4ft Kashmir, Ac., 1837. Deciduous. 



C. nnmmnlaria (Nummnlaria-like).* JL white ; cymes woollv, 

 very short, two to five-flowered. April and May. fr. small, 

 globose, black. L orbicular, or obovate-obtuse, apiculate, white 

 or densely silky-woolly beneath. A. 10ft to 15ft Kashmir, 

 Western Thibet, Ac., 1824. An elegant and distinct ub-ever. 



tammttn a decided advantage over that plant 

 which may be prevented from extending many 

 face of the waif and, consequently, being not l 



(round-leaved). JL white, solitary. 

 April and May. L orbicular, or orbiculate-obovate, mucronate, 

 glabrous or sparsely hairy above and beneath ; pilose beneath. 

 A. 3ft to 4ft NepauL. 1825. Evergreen. (Ref. B. 54.) 



C. SlmonsU (Simons's).* JL solitary or twin, nearly sessile, on 

 short lateral branches. ApriL L nearly lin. long, rhombic- 

 orbicular acuminate, glabrous above, sparsely silky beneath. 

 Origin unknown. Evergreen in mild winters. Probably one of 

 tbVbest (Ref. B. 55.) 



C. tnymlfolla (Thyme-leaved ).* JL pinkish, smalL ApriL 

 L small, oblong-ovate, dark shining green above, silvery-white 

 beneath. Temperate Himalayas, 1852. A very pretty evergreen, 

 less than 1ft nigh, with congested, crowded, often decurved 

 branches, and scarlet fruits. (Ret B. 50.) 



C. t, congest* (congested). IL white. L palish green, oborate- 

 oblong, thinly glaucous silky beneath. Western Himalayas, 1868. 

 A neat evergreen, forming a compact rounded mass, with rigid, 

 recurved, remarkably congested branches, and globose scarlet 

 fruits. (Ret B. 51.) 



C. vulgarls (common).* JL reddish ; cymes lateral, few-flowered. 

 May and June. fr. globose, shining red. L broadly elliptic 

 oblong, rounded or acute at the tip, densely pubescent beneath. 

 A. 3ft to 5ft Europe (Britain), North and West Asia, 

 Himalayas. Deciduous. ST.N. Jletpiliu CotoneatUr. (Sy. En. B, 

 477.) There is also a black-fruited form of this species. 



COTTON. See Gossypium, 



COTTON GRASS. See Eriophorum. 



COTTON THISTLE. See Onopordon. 



COTTON-TREE. See Flagianthus. 



COTTON-TREE, SILK. See Bombax. 



COTYLEDON (from Itotyle, a cavity ; in allusion to 

 the cup-like leaves of some of the species). Navelwort. 

 OBD. Cratsvlaceae. Under this one genus are now included 

 Echeveria, Pachyphytum, Pittorinia, and Umbilicus. To 

 render the matter clearer, the typical characters of these 

 four sections are given below. The differences are merely 

 botanical; and the culture of the groups is identical. 

 Greenhouse evergreens, except where otherwise stated. 



Cotyledon. Calyx five-parted; corolla gamopetalons, 

 with a five-lobed, spreadingly reflexed limb ; stamens ten, 

 adnate at the base to the tube of the corolla ; scales oval ; 

 carpels five, each drawn out into a subulate style. Fleshy 

 shrubs, from the Cape of Good Hope. 



EcKeveria (including Pachyphytum). Calyx five-parted ; 

 sepals often foliaceous, erect ; corolla urceolate, five-lobed 



