390 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Cotyledon continued. 

 C. Sempervivum (House Leek).* a. deep red ; peduncles many- 



flowered. August and September. I. rosulate, ovate, sub-acute, 



dull green, tinged with brown, h. 4in. to 6in. Hardy. SYN. 



Umbilicus Sempervivum. See Fig. 537. 

 C. serrata (saw-like), fl. variegated with white and red ; peduncles 



two to three-flowered. June. L oblong, cattilaginously-cre- 



nated. Stem sub-spicate. A. 6in. Candia, 1732. Hardy. (S. F. O. 



444.) 

 C. spinosa (spiny).* ft. yellow, five-parted, on short pedicels, 



collected into a cylindrical spike. June. I. oblong, pointed by a 



spine at the apex, quite entire ; radical ones rosulate, spathulate, 



convex beneath towards the apex ; cauline ones lanceolate, flat. 



Stem spicate, very simple. A. 1ft. Siberia, China, <fcc., 1810. 



Hardy. Often called in gardens Sempervivum spinosum. 

 C. teretlfolia (terete-leaved). 4. yellow. July. h. lift. South 



Africa, 1862. 

 C. trlcuspldata (three-spined). This species is close to C. papil- 



Jam, but differs in the leaves being tricuspidate. A. 1ft. Cape 



of Good Hope, 1823. 

 C. tuberculosa (knotted), fl. showy, orange-coloured, tubular, 



lin. or more long, sub-panicled, erect ; limb spreading. June. 



I. scattered, sub-cylindrical, linear-oblong, acute. A. 1ft. Cape 



of Good Hope, 1820. 

 C. tnrkestanlca (Turkestan). /. white, with purple stripes put- 



side, cymose ; floral stem 2in. to 6in. high. L, radical ones in a 



dense rosette, flat, oblong-lanceolate or spatbulate-ovate acute, 



puberulous, ciliate. A. 9in. Turkestan, 1880. Hardy. 

 C. Umbilicus (Navelwort).* Penny Leaf ; Penny Pies ; Penny 



wort. fl. yellow, erect ; corolla hardly five-cleft to the middle. 



June. I., lower ones peltate, densely crenated, roundish ; bracts 



a little toothed. A. 6in. Britain. Hardy. (Sy. En. B. 539.) 

 C. velutina (velvety).* fl. yellow, green at the base, and margined 



with red, pendulous ; scape erect, with a flat-headed sub-corym- 



bose panicle. 1. large, opposite, oblong-ovate, fleshy, velvety 

 when young, and somewhat glaucous 

 South Africa, about 1840. (B.lVI. 5684.) 



, , , 



ucous when old. A. 2ft. to 3ft. 



COTYLEDONS. The rudimentary leaves of the 

 embryo; commonly called Seed Leaves. 



COULTERIA (named after Thomas Coulter, M.D., 

 author of a Monograph on the Natural Order Dipsacece). 

 This is now regarded as a mere section of the large genus 

 C<Bsdlpinia. Stove evergreen shrubs, with spines in the 

 axils of the abruptly pinnate leaves. Flowers yellow, dis- 

 posed in racemes ; pedicels articulated, under the flower. 

 For culture, see Caasalpinia. C. horrida and C. tinctoria 

 are the only two species which have been introduced into 

 this country, and probably these are only seen in botanic 

 gardens. 



COUROUPITA (native name). A small genus, con- 

 taining four species of trees belonging to the TEIBE 

 Lecythideae of OBD. Myrtace&. The clusters of flowers 

 spring from the trunks and branches. Leaves alternate, 

 entire or obscurely crenate ; stipules lanceolate, deciduous. 

 All are natives of tropical America ; none are met with 

 in cultivation, except in botanic gardens. The best-known 

 is C. guianensis (the Cannon-ball tree), the cup-like fruit 

 shells serving various purposes. 



COURSETIA (named after Dumont de Conrset, 1746- 

 1824, author of " Le Botaniste Cultivateur," five vols., 8vo, 

 Paris, 1802; and co-editor of the "Bon Jardiniere"). 

 OBD. Leguminosce. A genus of stove evergreen tomen- 

 tose shrubs. Flowers bluish, in axillary racemes. Leaves 

 abruptly pinnate, with many pairs of small ovate leaflets ; 

 the common petiole sometimes terminating in a bristle, 

 but rarely in an odd leaflet; stipules setaceous. They 

 thrive well in a compost of loam and peat, well drained. 

 Cuttings of firm young shoots will root in sand, during the 

 early part of summer, if placed in a mild bottom heat 

 and covered with a bell glass. There are about ten 

 species, all natives of the warmer parts of the New 

 World. 



COUSINIA (named after M. Cousin, a French botanist). 

 OBD. Composites. Hardy biennials and perennials, rarely 

 annuals. The only European member of the genus is 

 C. wolgensis, a native of Southern Enssia. More than a 

 hundred species of Cousinia have been described, all of 

 them, with the exception jnst named, being Asiatic. They 

 are all of the easiest culture. C. hystrix is probably the 



Cousinia continued. 



only one now grown. This may be increased by dividing 

 the roots in spring ; or from seed, sown in a cold frame. 

 C. hystrix (bristly). fl.-heads purplish, disposed in solitary, 

 somewhat globose, woolly heads. June. 1. pinnatifid, or pin- 

 nate, with spiny teeth, covered on both surfaces with a cobweb- 

 like down. Stem branching at top. A. 2ft. Orient, 1838. Hardy 

 herbaceous biennial. 



COUTAREA (the native name in Guiana). OBD. 

 Rubiacece. A small genus of stove evergreen trees, from 

 tropical America. Some of the species are believed to 

 furnish the Cinchona bark of French Guiana. They are 

 of easy culture in a compost of loam, sand, and peat. 

 Cuttings will root readily in the same kind of soil, under 

 a hand glass, in heat. 



C. speoiosa (showy).* fl., corolla purple, large, broad, funnel- 

 shaped ; peduncles trifid, three-flowered. I. ovate, acuminated, 

 on very short petioles, glabrous; stipules broad, short, acute. 

 A. 25ft. Guiana, 1803. 



COUTOUBEA (Caribbean name of one of the species). 

 SYN. Picria. OBD. Gentianece. A small genus of erect 

 stove herbs. Flowers white or purplish, disposed in ter- 

 minal and lateral spikes or racemes, dense or loose, brac- 

 teate ; corolla salver - shaped, with an equal cylindrical 

 tube, or naked throat, and a four-parted limb. Leaves 

 opposite, rarely whorled, decussate, sessile, or amplexicaul, 

 one-nerved, thinnish, veined. Stems obscurely tetragonal, 

 usually branched; branches opposite, and thickened at 

 the roots. All are of the easiest culture, requiring the 

 same treatment as other tender annuals. 

 C. ramosa (branching), fl. white, decussate, remote; spikes 

 terminal, axillary, the lower part leafy. June. I. oblong-lanceo- 

 late, acuminate at both ends. Stems divaricately branched. A. 

 1ft. to 2ft. Guiana, 1824. 



C. spicata (spicate). /. decussate, rather close together ; corolla 



white, reddish in the throat ; spikes terminal, elongated, loose. 



July. 1. lanceolate, acuminated at both ends. Stem erect, 



branched. A. 2ft to 3ft. Guiana, 1823. 



COW AGE. See Mucuna, 



COWANIA (in honour of James Cowan, a London 

 merchant, who several times visited Mexico and Peru, 

 whence he introduced a great many plants). OBD. Rosacece. 

 A genus of very ornamental greenhouse evergreen shrubs, 

 natives of Mexico and the adjacent interior region north- 

 ward. They are extremely difficult to propagate. Perhaps 

 the only one of the three species yet introduced is C. plicata. 

 It requires a sandy peat and loam soiL 

 C. erlcaafolia (Heath-leaved), fl.. white, smaller. I. linear, entire. 



Found only by Parry, on the Rio Grande. 

 C. mexicana (Mexican).* fl. yellow. I. cuneate-obovate, pin- 



nately three to seven-lobed, dark green above, tomentose beneath. 



A. 1ft. to 6ft. Mountains of California to Mexico. 

 C. plicata (plaited).* fl. dark red, terminal, solitary, almost 

 the bud, exactly like those of 

 , alternate, wedge-shaped, oblong, 



when protruding from the bud, exactly like those of 

 and July. I. simple, alternate, wedge-shaped, obloiis 

 pinnatifid, plaited. A. 1ft. to 2ft. Mexico, 1835. A rigid, dt 



Rosa. June ! 



cumbent, much-branched shrub. (S. B. F. G. 400.) 



COW BERRY. See Vacciniom Vitis-Ideea. 



COWDUNG. For potting purposes, this is highly 

 valued. It should be collected and stored in a shed, where 

 it can be frequently turned, and allowed to remain until 

 nearly dry before being used. For manure water, fresh 

 Cowdung may be employed, if plenty of clear water is 

 added. 



COW GRASS. See Trifolium medium. 



COWHAGE. See Mucuna. 



COWHAGE CHERRY. See Malpigliia urens. 



COW ITCH. See Mucuna. 



COW-ITCH CHERRY. See Malpighia nrens. 



COW PARSLEY and COW PARSNIP. See 

 Heracleum. 



COWSLIP. See Primula veris. 



COW-TREE. See Galactodendron. 



COW WHEAT. See Melampymm. 



CRAB APPLE. See Pyrus Malus. 



