AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



391 



CRAMBE (.name deduced from the Greek). Sea-kale. 

 OBD. Crurt/ercB. Hardy herbaceous perennials. Rowers 

 white, with a honey-like perfume ; racemes elongated, many- 

 flowered, disposed in lax panicles; pedicels filiform, erect, 

 bractless. Leaves sometimes thick, sometimes membranous, 

 hairy or smooth ; cauline ones alternate, stalked, pinnately 

 toothed, cut, pinnatifid or lyrate. They are of easy growth 

 in any good garden soil, and may be increased either by 

 dividing the roots, or by seed. For special culture of C. 

 maritima. see Sea-kale. 



C. oordifolia (heart-leaved).- f. white, Disposed in 

 panicle J*- l 



BUI wi u, and much-branched , _ - 



lower ones cordate, upper ones ovate, and are, as well aa the stem, 

 almost glabrous. A^oft North Caucasus This fa a hardy 

 large-leaved herbaceous plant. 



\oWoW-SLA iT*. {Si25 

 hispid from reflexed hairs, A. 2ft. Iberia, 1820. 



Fio. 538. SEA-KALE (CRAMBB MARITIIU). 



C. marittma (sea). Common Sea-kale. /L white. May. L ronnd- 



T^nnltr waved toothed, and, as well as the stem, very 



moofh^iUft Britain, Ac. See Fig. 538. (Sy. En. B. 80.) 



C tartarlca (Tartarian). JL white. June and July. L. radical 



oneT decompound; leafletf cut-toothed ; younger leaves rough; 



adSto^w smooth, as well as the stem! Root fusiform, 2ft to 



3ft. long. A. 2ft to 3ft. Eastern Europe, 1789. 



CRANBERRY. See Oxycoccna palustri*. 



CRANE PLY. or DADDY LONG LEGS (Tipvla 



rTtrtr and T. oleraeea). These insects belong to a large 



familv of the Diptera, or two-winged insects, called Tipu- 



lidas in which the proboscis is very short and imperfectly 



developed. The larvae generally prefer wet soil, and are 



killed when deprived of moisture; while many are wholly 



aquatic As an example of Crane Flies in general, one of 



the commonest and most destructive species, namely Tipula 



Crane Ply, or Daddy Long Legs continued. 

 bean a pair of hemispherical black eyes, and the short, 

 slender, thirteen-jointed antennae. The thorax is of a 

 tawny hue, large, and oval, considerably higher than the 

 head, long, and composed of three segments. The female 

 is distinguished from the male in having the end of the 

 body long and spindle-shaped, instead of clubbed, as in 

 the male. The grnbs of this fly are of a dark grey colour, and 

 measure, when full grown, about IJin. in length, and ftin. 

 in diameter. They have no legs, but have a pair of powerful 

 aws and the tail is tubercled. Their skin is exceedingly 

 tough hence, they are called " Leather Jackets." These 

 grubs are very destructive to lawns, in sheltered, dry places, 

 and also to Cabbages and other cruciferous plants. No 

 perfect means of extermination has yet been discovered, 

 and the only two remedies of any service in materially re- 

 ducing the quantity of either grubs or flies, are as follows : 

 Trap*. These consist of slices of potato, turnip, wurael, 

 or apple, affixed to sticks, and sunk a few inches under- 

 ground. They must be pulled up every other day, and 

 the grubs, which will be found firmly attached to them, 

 removed and destroyed. 



Rotting. On lawns, so soon as the flies are visible, rolling 



with a heavy roller each evening will destroy very many. 



A top-dressing of guano has also been found of use. 



Fowls, starlings, and rooks will devour large numbers of 



the flies, and are therefore useful It has usually been found 



that the grubs were not affected by any preparation which 



did not, at the same time either injure or destroy the plants. 



CRAKE'S BTLT- See Geranium. 



CRASPEDAB.IA. See Polypodium. 



CRASSULA (diminutive of erassut, thick ; alluding 



to the leaves and stems). Including Rochea, Septa* (of 



Linnaeus), and Turgosea. OBD. Crassulaee*. A genus of 



about 120 species of greenhouse fleshy shrubs or herbs, 



nearly all natives of the Cape of Good Hope, a few being 



Abvssiiiian and Himalayan. Calyx five-parted ; lobes erect 



or mwding, much shorter than the petals ; petals five, 



erect or spreading, free or connate at the base ; stamens 



five filaments shorter than the petals ; scales five, varying 



in shape. Sometimes, though rarely, the parts of the 



flower, instead of being in fives, as described above afe 



in sixes and nines. Crassnlas are very ornamental plants, 



with a grotesque appearance. They thrive in a mixture 



of ^dyloam and brick rubbish, in weU-drained pot, 



Fronted by cuttings, which should be taken off and 



laid for two or three days, in the sun to dry. All the 



species mentioned below are from South Africa. 



species mentioned oeiow a. uu wv^, 



1 iiiimali III (alDine). Jt white; cymes tennina 

 'eSBS? ^S^Sf^SS& w 

 nod b ^ear?y te gUbrou^ TSn, to 4in. 1878. 

 ^1-lM.i ejcen (woody).' fL rose-coloured, large ; 



Wchrto^SSTiig^ L v-w^g^S^siSS 



fiat, K**^^^? OA^W* o^ijSr /* /'Wt/?^rfon_ 



garsesa^. 



furrowed above ; bracts two on < 

 shrubby, decumbent r 



Fio. 539. CRAXE FLT (TiruiA OLKRICEA). 



oleracea (see Fig. 539), is here briefly described. This 

 insect is rather large, the male being nearly |in. long, and 

 Hin. across the wings; while the female measures nearly 

 lin. in length, and 2in. across the expanded wings. The 

 colour is tawny, but the fly has the appearance of being 

 covered with dust. The wings are smoke-coloured, and 

 somewhat longer than the body. The balancers, behind 

 the wings, are broad at the tip. The head is small, and 





L elliptic, 

 blotches. 



d terminal, 

 lia white, 

 BUb 



; tube lin. long. J 



11. Winter. 



t O. 78M 



JL reddish T cym panicle- formei 

 cordate, obtuse, quite enUr*. dotted 

 shrubby. A. Ht to if L 



