AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



393 



CratcegTUJ continued. 



The majority of nurserymen never follow the plan above 

 described, but simply BOW the seed in beds from 3ft. to 

 4ft. wide, leaving alleys about 1ft. in width, to allow 

 the beds to be weeded by hand or watered. The largest 

 seedlings are removed for transplantation at the end of 

 the first year. A succession of seedlings will often be 

 furnished by an ordinary seed-bed for about three years. 

 When the time comes round for transplanting, in October, 

 the young plants should be lifted, by first loosening the 

 earth with a spade, on each side of the row, and the 

 strongest drawn out. The small ones remaining should 

 stand for another year, after the soil is again trodden 

 down. Transplanting is best performed by cutting out 

 a perpendicular trench, from Gin. to Sin. deep, in which 

 plants are placed singly by the hand, the roots being 

 previously shortened with a sharp knife, to make them 

 grow bushy. The soil should then be trodden firmly about 

 them. The plants should be allowed to stand in these 

 drills for two years, or even three, before being permanently 

 placed out. Such is the plan pursued by those who require 

 a large number of plants ; but, for general purposes, it is best 

 to purchase the " quicks " of nurserymen, whose special 

 business it is to rear them. The different varieties to be 

 increased, must be grafted or budded. The rules for both 

 these methods are very similar to those laid down for other 

 trees or shrubs. See Sodding and Grafting. When in 

 a young state, Hawthorns, especially the double pink and 

 white varieties, make very desirable pot plants, and will 

 bear a slight amount of forcing. By this means, they serve 

 as excellent early spring ornaments for decorative pur- 

 poses. The pyramid or standard form is most suitable 

 and pleasing for pot plants. 



C. aplifolia (Apium-leavedX ft. white; pedicels of the corymb 

 usually simple, and, as well as the oblong tube of the calyx, 

 villous. May and June. fr. deep red, ovoid. J. deltoid, 

 pinnately five to seven-cleft ; lobes acute, deeply toothed, h. 8ft 

 to 10ft United States, 1812. 



C. Aronia (AroniaX Se C. maura. 



C. Azarolns (AraroleX ft. white, sweet-scented. May. fr. red or 

 yellow, ovate, globose, with a very agreeable taste when fully 

 ripe. I. pubescent, cuneated at the base, trifld ; lobes obtuse, 

 coarsely few-toothed. Branches, corymbs, and calyces pubescent 

 h. 15ft to 20ft South Europe, Levant, Ac., 1640. (B. R 1897.) 



C. Carolinian* (CarolinaX A synonym of C. jlava. 



C. carpatica (CarpathianX A synonym of C. niffra. 



C. coccinea (scarletX ft. white ; petals orbicular May. fr. bright 

 coral-red, ovoid, large, scarcely edible, J. roundish-ovate, sharply 

 toothed and cut, glabrous, h. 20ft to 30ft United States, 1681 

 (B M. 3432.) A large number of varieties of this species may be 

 raised from seed. The following are those generally known : 

 eoraUina (coralline), glandule* (glandularX indentata (indented- 

 leaved), maeracantha (large-spinedX maxima (largestX muwr 

 (smaller-fruited), neapolitana (NeapolitanX tvMUota, (slightly- 



C. oordata (heart-shapedX Washington Thorn, /.white. May 

 and June. fr. red, very small, depressed, globose. L broadly 

 ovate or triangular, mostly truncate, or a little heart-shaped at the 

 base. h. oftto 10ft United States, 1738. SYN. C. popvlifolia. 

 (B. R 115L) 



C. Crua-gallL Cockspur Thorn, ft. white, tinged with red; 

 anlharTledT May. jr. scarlet, edible. I. obovate-cuneifonn, 

 nearly sessile shining, glabrous, falling off late in the autumn ; 

 stipules linear. Spinis very long. h. 10ft. to 30ft North America, 

 1691. SYN. C. Ittcida. (W. D. B. 66.) The following are varieties 

 of this species : 



C. C.-g. linearis (linearX L linear, lanceolate. Spines few, shorter. 



C. C.-g. TJftT"* (dwarfX L ovate-lanceolate, paler beneath. 



C. C.-g. ovalifolia (oval-leavedX* ft. white. May and June. 'L oval, 

 serrated, rather pilose on both surfaces, shining above ; stipules 

 half cordate, deeply serrated, glandular, h. 10ft to 20ft United 

 States, 1810. (B. R 1860.) 



C. C.-g. pranifolia (Prnnus-leavedX* ft. white ; peduncles and 

 calvcls rather villous. May and June. L broad-ovate, unequally 

 serrated, glabrous ; petioles rather glandular, h. 15ft to 20ft 

 North America, 1818. (B. R 1868.) 



C. C.-g. pyracanthifolia (Pyracantha-leavedX L oblong-1 

 late, somewhat cuneiform. SYN. C. talietfolia. 



C. C.-g. splendens (splendidX L obovate-cuneifonn. 



C. Douglasii (Douglas'sX* ft. white. May. fr. dark pui 

 small L, some obovate, some oval, doubly serrated, we T 

 shaped at the base, glabrous. Branches ascending ; spines rigid. 



Crataeg-ua continued. 

 straightish, h. 10ft to 15ft 

 1810.) 



North-west America, 1827. (B. B, 



C. nava (yellow).' ft. white, usually solitary. May. fr. yellow, 

 B. L obovate-cuneifonn. somewhat lobate. crenate- 



ite, and, as i 

 United State*, 1724. SYN. 



turbinate, edible, i obovate-cuneif 6rm, somewhat lobate, crenate- 

 serrated; petioles short ; stipules cordate, and, as well as the 



A. 12ft to 20ft 

 :. glandulcta. (B. R 1939.) 



florenttna (Florentine), ft. white. May. fr. ovate, globose. 

 ovate-oblong, cordate at the base, deeply serrated, tomentose 

 eneath, as well as on the calyces. A. 20ft to 30ft Florence, 1800. 



y. 



abrous. May. L glabrous, falling off very late in 

 cuneiform -lanceolate, somewhat three-lobed or pin- 

 e apex ; lobes sub-serrated, acute. A. 10ft to 20ft 



. 



L 



beneath, as well as on the calyces. A. 20ft to 30ft Florence, 1800. 

 C. glandnlosa (glandular). A synonym of C./otw. 

 C. heterophylla (various-leaved).* ft. white ; corymbs 



flowered, glabrous. 



the season, c 



natifld at the apex 



Orient, 1816. (B. R 1161, 1847.) 

 C. ludda (shiningX A synonym of C. Ona-galK. 

 C. maroooana (MaroccoX A synonym of a 

 C. maura (Mediterranean X ft. white ; pedicels elongated ; corymbs 



terminal, glabrous. May. fr. scarlet J. cnneated, three-lcbed 



and pinnatifid, glabrous and glandless ; stipules lub-palmatelv 



cut k. 15ft to 20ft South Europe, 1821 SYNS. C. Aronia and 



C. melanocarpa (black-fruitedX ft. white; calycine lobes 

 reflexed, vinous. May and June. fr. black. L usually trifld, 

 serrated in front, acutish at the base. A. 10ft to 20ft Tauria, 

 1820. STN. C. Oxyaeantha Olivcriana. (B. R 1933.) 



C. mexlcana (MexicanX ft. white, large: corymbs terminal. 

 June. fr. large, pale green, or yellowish, when ripe resembling 

 a small apple, but not edible. I oval-lanceolate, notched and 

 serrated, acuminate, somewhat ciliated at the base ; petioles 

 short, channelled, with a winged margin. A. 10ft to 15ft 

 Mexico, 1824. Evergreen against a wall, and sub-evergreen as a 

 standard, hi the climate of London and southwards. (B? R 1910.) 



C. mierocarpa (small-fniitedX A synonym of C. ipathulata. 



C. nlgra (blackX* ft. white; calyces villous. May and June. 

 fr. black. L lobately sinuated, serrated, truncate, and somewhat 

 cuneated at the base, clothed with hoary villi beneath ; stipules 

 oblong, doubly serrated. A. 10ft. to 20ft Eastern Europe, 1819. 

 SYN. C. carpatica. (L. B, C. 102L) 



C. odoratLMima (very sweet-scentedX* ft. white, very sweet- 

 scented, corymbose. May and June. fr. yellow, globular, large. 

 L deeply pinnatifld, pubescent ; lobes lanceolate, acute, serrated. 

 A. 10ft to 20ft Crimea. (B. R 1885.) 



C. orlentall* (EasternX* ft. white. May and June. L three- 

 lobed, pubescent beneath ; lobes ovate, deeply toothed at the 

 apex, the middle one trifid; stipules broad, cut Branches 

 clothed with hoary tomentum. A. 12ft to 20ft Levant, 1810. 

 SYN. C. tanguinea. (B. R 1852.) 



FIG. 541. FLOWERING BRANCHLET OF CRAT-BOCS 

 OXYACANTHA. 



(shanwpinedX- 



thori ft. white, occasionally pink, 



spring. ^^^js^f^js&*m:^m 



fr. dark red, o 



ovate - cuneiform, trifld or r . _ 



A. 10ft to 20ft Britain. See Fig. 541. Tne varieties of this are 

 very numerous. The following are the most important : 



C. O. petal* (without petalsX ft. without petals, or nearly so. 



C. O. anrantlaca (orange).* fr. orange-coloured. 



C. O. anrea (goldenX* fr. roundish, golden-yellow. A most 

 distinct variety. 



