394 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



of 



Cratnfftu continued. 

 0. O. capitate (headed). Of a somewhat 



producing its flowers in close heads, mostly at the e 



its branches. 

 C O. erlocarpa (woolly-fruited).* fr. woolly when young. A 



robuftrrapiKrWing variety, with large leaves, strong thick 



shoots, a clear white bark, and few thorns. 

 C. O. fllicifolia (fern-leaved). I. deeply cut, fern-like. 

 C. O. flexuosaV(zigzag). Branches small, twisted in a zigzag 



manner. 

 C O flore-pleno albo (white double-flowered), fl. white, 



dying off a beautiful pink, double, produced in great profusion. 

 C. O. foliis-argentels (silver-leaved). I. variegated with white. 

 C. O. tolila-aureis (golden-leaved). I. variegated with yellow. 

 C. O. horrida (horrid). A very prickly variety. 

 C. O. laciniata (cut).* I. finely cut, plant less robust, and the 



'fruit smaller than in the type. 

 C. O. obtnuata (obtuse). Distinguished from the type by its 



smaller, obovate, less cut, flat, and shining leaves. 

 C. O. OUverlana (Oliver's). A synonym of C. melanoearpa. 

 C O. prwcosc (early).* Glastonbury Thorn, fl. frequently out 



on Christmas Day. I. appearing in January or February. 

 C. O. pteridlfolia (Pteris-leaved).* This resembles the variety 



laciniata, but the leaves are longer in proportion to their breadth, 



and more elegantly cut. 



C. O. pnnlcea (scarlet). A synonym of C. 0. rosea-superba. 

 C. O. quercifolla (Oak-leaved). Oak-leaved. Very distinct. 

 C. O. rosea (rose-coloured), fl., petals pink, with white claws. 

 C. O. rosea-superba (superb rose-coloured) has larger petals, 



which are of a clark red, without white on the claws. SYN. 



C. 0. punicea. 



C. O. sibirloa (Siberian). An early-leafing variety. 

 C. parvUblla (small-leaved), fl. white, small, usually solitary. 



May fr. yellow, rather turbinate. I. obovate-cuneiform, deeply 



serrated, pubescent ; stipules setaceous, h. 6ft. United States, 



1704. SYN. Mespilus parvifolia. (W. D. B. 65.) 

 C. populifolia (Poplar-leaved). A synonym of C. eordata. 

 C. pnnctata (dotted). /. white ; calyx rather villous. May. 



I. obovate-cuneiform, glabrous, serrated h. 15ft. to 20ft. United 



States, 1746. (W. D. B. 57.) There are varieties of this species 



with either yellow or red fruit, which are usually dotted. 



PIG. 542. FRUITING BRANCH OP CRA-MSGUS PYRACANTHA. 



C. Pyraoantha (Pyracantha).* Evergreen Thorn. /. white. 

 May. fr. of a beautiful scarlet colour, about the size of a pea, 

 disposed in cymes, remaining on the tree nearly all the winter! 

 1. glabrous, evergreen, ovate-lanceolate, crenate. A. 10ft. to 20ft. 

 South Europe, <c., 1629. See Kg. 542. There are one or two 

 forms of this species. 



C. pyrlfolia (Pyrus-leaved). fl. white. June. fr. yellowish-red, 

 small. J. ovate-elhptic, deeply serrated, rather plicate and some- 

 what hairy, h. 6ft. to 10ft. United States, 1765 (B. R. 1877.) 



C. sallclfolia (Willow-leaved). A synonym of C. Crus-galli pyra- 



C. sangnlnea (bloody). A synonym of C. orientate. 



thulate and trifld. 

 tes, 1806. 



Cratsegus continued. 

 C. spathulata (spathulate). fl. white; corymbs few-flowered; 



pedicels short; calyces tomentose. May. I. small, in fascicles, 



narrowed a long way at the base, some 



Spines strong, h. 8ft to 12ft. Uni 



C. microearpa. (B. R. 1846.) 

 C. tanacetifolia (Tansey-leaved).* /. white ; calycine lobes 



acutish, reflexed, hairy. May. fr. greenish-yellow, globose. 



I. deeply pinnatifid, downy; lobes oblong, acute, few-toothed. 



h. 12ft: to 20ft Levant, 1789. (B. B. 1884.) 

 CRAT2EVA (named after Cratevas, a Greek botanist, 

 who lived in the time of Hippocrates). Garlic Pear. ORD. 

 Capparidece. Unarmed stove evergreen shrubs or trees, 

 with terminal cymes or racemes of large flowers, and tri- 

 foliolate leaves. They require a compost of loam, peat, 

 and rotten dung. Cuttings will root freely, if planted in 

 a pot of sand, and placed under a hand glass, in heat. 



C. Tapla (Tapia). fl. whitish, on long peduncles, forming loose 

 terminal panicled racemes, fr. as large as an orange, and, when 

 ripe, having a strong scent of garlic, which is communicated to 

 the animals that feed on it. I., leaflets ovate-acuminated, un- 

 equal at the base. h. 30ft. to 40ft. Tropical America, &c., 1752. 

 Other species usually enumerated as being in cultivation are : 



gynandra, Roxburahii, and tapioides. 



CRAWFURDIA (named after John Crawfurd, a 

 Governor of the Island of Singapore ; author of a History 

 of the Indian Archipelago). SYNS. Pterygocalyx, Triptero- 

 spermum. OBD. Oentianeoe. Six or seven species of 

 showy, half-hardy, glabrous, twining herbs, natives of East 

 Indies, the Malayan Archipelago, Japan, and Manchuria. 

 Flowers pale blue, axillary, solitary or in fascicles, large 

 and showy. Leaves opposite, three-nerved, acuminated. 

 Branches elongated, slender. Crawfurdias thrive in a 

 mixture of loam, sand, and peat, with thorough drainage. 

 They may be increased by cuttings, or by seeds. The 

 latter should be sown in a gentle heat, in spring ; and, in 

 the middle of May, the seedlings should be transplanted 

 at the foot of a south wall, outside. 



C. fasclculata (fascicled).* fl. purple, large ; corolla tubular ; 

 limb furnished with accessory segments; peduncles short, 

 fascicled, bibracteate. August. I. lanceolate, acuminated, three 

 to five-nerved. Himalayas, 1855. (B. M. 4838.) 

 C. luteo-vlrldis (yellowish-green), fl., corolla between funnel 

 and bell-shaped, twice as long as the calyx lobes ; tube green ; 

 limb white, with green folds. I. ovate, ovate-cordate, or ovate- 

 lanceolate ; margin entire, or waved. Stem slender, red with 

 age. Sikkim Himalayas. A very showy twiner when laden with 

 its ellipsoid, cylindric, brilliant red fruits. (B. M. 6539.) 

 C. speciosa (showy).* fl. purple, solitary, on long, nearly naked 

 pedicels ; corolla campanulate, without accessory lobes or seg- 

 ments. I. ovate, acuminated, five-nerved. Himalayas, 1879. 



CREEPERS, or TRAILERS, differ from climbing 

 plants in assuming both a procumbent and pendent dis- 

 position. They are very generally suitable for growing in 

 baskets and for furnishing rockeries. 



CREEPING SAILOR. See Sazifraga sar- 

 mentosa. 



CRENATE. Having convex flat teeth. 



CRENULATE. Having small round notches. 



CREOSOTE PLANT. See Larrea mexicana. 



CREFIDARIA. A synonym of Pedilanthus. 



CREFIS (from krepis, a slipper). Hawksbeard. OBD. 

 Compositce. About 130 species of hardy annuals or peren- 

 nials, with slender, simple, white (rarely brown) silky 

 pappus hairs, in many series ; achenes cylindrical, striate, 

 the beak long, short, or absent. Two only are worth 

 growing. C. aurea is a neat border perennial, and C. rubra 

 a' pretty annual ; both thrive in sandy soil. C. aurea may 

 be propagated by division, in spring; and both by seed, 

 sown at the same time, in the open border. Other species 

 formerly included here will be found under Tolpis. 

 C. aurea (golden), fl.-heads orange, usually solitary; involucre 



and stem covered with long black hairs, mixed with a few small 



white woolly ones. Autumn. I. radical, spathulate, oblong, 



dentate, or runcinate, light green, shining, h. 4in. to 12in. Alps. 

 C. rubra (red).* fl.-heads red, usually solitary ; involucre hispid, 



outer bracts scarious. Autumn, h. 6in. to 12in. Southern 



Europe. SYN. Barkhausia rubra. See Fig. 543. (S. F. O. 801.) 



