402 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Crotalaria continued. 



of the shrubby kinds root freely in a pot of sand, with 

 a bell glass placed over them, in a cool house. Seeds, 

 however, usually ripen in abundance; these should be 

 sown on a hotbed, in spring, and, when the seedlings have 

 attained a height of 2in. or Sin., they may be placed 

 separately in pots, and some may be planted out in the 

 open border, in summer, especially those from the out- 

 skirts of the tropics. Crotalarias are very liable to the 

 attacks of red spider. 



C. cajanifolia (Cajanus-Ieaved).* fl., racemes many-flowered, 

 almost terminal; calyces clothed with appressed pubescence. 

 July. I. trifoliate ; leaflets oblong, obtuse, mucronate, cuneated 

 at the base, glabrous above, puberulous beneath, and canescent. 

 A. 4ft. to 6ft. Mexico, 1824. Greenhouse shrub. 

 C. Cunningham!! (Cunningham's).* fl. yellow-green, marked 

 with purple lines on the reflexed standard, large, disposed in dense 

 racemes. Summer. I. ovate, obtuse. A. 3ft. Native of the dry, 

 almost desert regions of North-west and Central Australia, 1869. 

 This is a remarkable looking greenhouse shrub, clothed through- 

 out with velvety, glaucous pubescence. (B. M. 5770.) 

 C. Heyneana (Heyne's). /. white, blue. I. one-foliolate. A. 



1ft. to 2ft. Malabar, 1868. (B. M. 5974.) 



C. jnncea (Rush-like).* fl. yellow ; racemes terminal. June. I. 

 lanceolate, on short petioles, clothed with appressed pubescence, 

 as well as the furrowed stems. A. 4ft. to 8ft. India, 1700. Stove 

 annual. (B. M. 490.) 



C. nana (dwarf), fl. yellow ; peduncles opposite the leaves, three- 

 flowered ; calyx pilose. I. oblong, nearly sessile, glabrous, ob- 

 tuse, mucronate. Plant diffuse. India, &c. Stove annual 



CROTON (from krot on, a tick ; referring to the appear- 

 ance of the seeds). STN. Tiglium. OBD. Euphorbiacece. 

 A large genus (about 500 species) of trees and shrubs 

 rarely herbs differing widely in habit and general aspect, 

 dispersed all over the warmer parts of the world. Male 

 flowers : calyx cylindrical, five-toothed ; petals five ; 

 stamens ten to fifteen. Female flowers: calyx many- 

 leaved; corolla none; styles three, bifid; capsules three- 

 celled. None are worth cultivating as garden plants. 

 Several, however, are very important from an economic 

 standpoint. (7. Tiglium, from the Indian Archipelago, &c., 

 yields Croton oil, one of the most drastic cathartics known. 

 C. Eluteria furnishes the Cascarilla bark, also used in 

 medicine. Others yield resins, &c. See Codiaetun, under 

 which genus will be found included the large class of 

 plants popularly known as Crotons. 



CROWBERRY. See Empetrum nigrum. 



CROWEA (named after James Crowe, of Norwich, a 

 British botanist, and a great collector of Willows). OBD. 

 Rutacece. Greenhouse evergreen shrubs. Peduncles axil- 

 lary, one-flowered, furnished with minute imbricate bracts 

 at their base. Leaves alternate, quite entire, lanceolate, 

 running down the stem a little at the base, and full of 

 pellucid dots. Branches triquetrous. Croweas are very 

 useful as decorative plants, and, if growii in a cool place, 

 they form elegant and striking additions to a select col- 

 lection. They require a light airy situation, which must 

 be free from draughts, and, being hard- wooded subjects, 

 great care will be needed in watering. The soil best 

 adapted is two parts peat and one of fibrous loam, with 

 a small quantity of sand added. Cuttings will strike, 

 with a gentle bottom heat, in sand, under a hand glass. 

 To keep Croweaa short and bushy, the tops should be 

 taken off soon after the cuttings have rooted, which will 

 cause the lateral shoots to push earlier and stronger, than 

 they would if left alone. Croweas do not succeed well on own 

 roots ; they should be grafted on Correas or Eriostemons. 

 C. ongustifolia (narrow-leaved).* fl. red, shortly stalked, solitary 

 or rarely two together. 1. sessile, linear, mostly acute. A. 1ft. 

 to 3ft. West Australia. 



C. latifolia (broad-leaved). A synonym of C. saligna. 

 C. saligna (Willow-like).* fl. clear pink. Summer. I. lanceo- 

 late. A. 1ft. to 2ft. New South Wales, 1790. SYN. C. latifolia. 

 (B. M. 989.) The plants sometimes met with under the names of 

 elliptica, major, and stricta, are probably varieties of this species. 



CROWFOOT. See Ranunculus. 

 CROWN BEARD. See Verbesina. 



CRUCIANELIiA (diminutive of crux, a cross; in 

 allusion to the leaves being placed crosswise). Crosswort. 

 OBD. Rubiaceas. Annual or perennial (mostly) hardy her- 

 baceous plants. Flowers hermaphrodite, spicate or fasci- 

 culate, bracteate, or ebracteate ; corolla tubular, elongated, 

 funnel-shaped. Leaves whorled, with from four to a con- 

 siderable number in each whorl, linear or lanceolate. The 

 annual species are not worth growing. The perennials 

 are very pretty plants, of easy cultivation in ordinary 

 garden soil; they are readily increased by seeds, or by 

 divisions, during spring or autumn. There are about 

 twenty-six species, confined to the Mediterranean region 

 and Western Asia. 



C. glauca (glaucous), fl. yellow, remotely spicate ; bracts and 

 floral leaves ovate, ciliated. July. I. four in a whorl, linear, 

 mucronate, with prickly revolute edges. Stems erectish, branched. 

 Persia, 1837. Perennial. 



C. maritlma (maritime), fl. cream-coloured, axillary, disposed 

 in interrupted spikes. July and August. I. four in a whorl, 

 lanceolate, stiff, marginate, mucronate. Mediterranean region, 

 1640. Plant suffruticose, procumbent, much branched, glaucous, 

 glabrous. Perennial. 



C. suaveolens (sweet-smelling), fl. yellow, opposite, dispos 

 dense spikes ; floral leaves and bracts lanceolate, ciliated, a 

 shorter than the corollas. July. I. linear, mucronate, with 



e, disposed in 

 little 



prickly revolute edges, six or eight in a whorL Stem herbaceous, 

 erect, branched. West Asia, <fcc., 1838. Perennial. 



CRUCIATE, or CRUCIFORM. Shaped like a 

 cross. A flower is said to be cruciate when four petals 

 are placed opposite each other at right angles, as in the 

 Cabbage. 



CRUCIFER2E. A large and important order of 

 annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, rarely suffruticose. 

 Flowers racemed; sepals four, the two lateral ones often 

 larger and saccate at the base, imbricate in bud ; petals 

 four, placed crosswise, imbricate in bud;, stamens six 

 (rarely one, two, or four), hypogynous, the two outer 

 opposite the lateral sepals, the four inner longer, in 

 pairs opposite the other sepals. Fruit a long or short 

 two-celled and two-valved capsule (rarely indehiscent). 

 Leaves radical or alternate, exstipulate. The order, 

 sometimes called Brassicaceoe, comprises about 170 genera 

 and about 1200 species; they are distributed over all 

 temperate and cold regions, but chiefly belong to the 

 Old World. All are nitrogenous (and contain sulphur), 

 pungent, stimulant, anti-scorbutic, often acrid. Many of 

 them are highly-esteemed plants, such as the Broccoli, 

 Cabbage, Cress, Turnip, &c. The following are some of 

 the best-known genera: Arabia, Brossica, Cheiranthus, 

 and Hesperis. 



CRYFTANTHUS (from krypto, to hide, and anthos, 

 a flower ; the flowers are nearly buried among the bracts). 

 STN. Pholidophyllum. OBD. Bromeliacece. A genus of 

 stove perennials, epiphytal in a wild state. For culture, 

 &c., see Billbergla. 



C. acaulis (stemless). fl. white, in a central, sub-sessile cluster. 

 I. lanceolate, wavy, recurved, dark green, scaly. Brazil, 1826. 

 Plant dwarf, caespitose. SYN. Tillandsia acaulis. (B. R. 1157.) 

 C. bivittatos (two-striped), fl. white. I. spreading, recurved, 

 about 9in. long and lin. to liin. broad, rather undulate, acutely 

 toothed at the margin ; under surface dull brown, upper green, 

 with two broad buff longitudinal bands, which pass into dull red 

 at the base of the leaf. Tropical America, 1859. SYN. Billbergia 

 bivittata. (B. M. 5270.) 



CRYFTOCHILUS (from kryptos, hidden, and cheilos, 

 a lip ; the lip being partly hidden by the sepals). OBD. 

 OrchidecB. A genus containing a couple of species of very 

 interesting stove epiphytal orchids, allied to Trichosma 

 (which see for cultivation). 



C. sangulnea (blood-coloured), fl. brilliant scarlet, disposed in a 

 terminal erect raceme ; sepals cohering in a tube three-lobed at 

 the top, and inclosing the petals and lip. Summer. Pseudo- 

 bulbs clustered, spheroidal, one or two-leaved. Nepaul, about 

 1837. (B. R, 1838, 23.) 



CRYPTOCORYNE (from kryptos, hidden, and 

 koryne, a club ; the club-shaped sp idix is hidden by the 

 spathe peculiar to this family). OBD. Aroidece (Araceae). 



