404 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Cryptomeria continued. 



C. e. nana (dwarf), is a low dense bushy shrub, with more 

 crowilud leaves than the type ; it also retains the autumnal colour, 

 except the pendulous green tips of the branchlets. 



C. Japonica (Japanese). I. rigid, incurved, crowded, spirally 

 arranged, 6in. to 9in. long, decurrent at the base, cones globular, 

 about iin. in diameter, composed of numerous scales, bearing 

 three to five seeds each. Branches numerous, brittle, and readily 

 separating from the trunk, frondose, spreading; lower ones 

 deflexed, with the extremities ascending; branchlets very 

 numerous, usually alternate, bright green. Trunk erect, taper- 

 ing, h. 50ft. to 100ft. Japan, 1844. A handsome rapid-growing 

 tree, with an elongated pyramidal outline. There are several 

 varieties, the best of which are described below. Other forms 

 are : araucarioides, nigricans, and variegata. 



C. J. Lobbi (Lobb's) differs from the type in its more compact 

 and less pendulous habit; foliage of a brighter and deeper green ; 

 leaves snorter, and more closely appressed to the branches. 

 Japan. SYN. C. viridis. 



C. J. nana (dwarf). A small procumbent bushy shrub, very useful 

 for growing on rockwork. h. 2ft. SYN. C. j. pygmaea. 



C. j. pygmsaa (pigmy). A synonym of C. j. nana. 



C. J. spiralis (spiral). A very curious form, having the falcate 

 leaves closely appressed spirally round the branchlets. 



C. viridis (green). A synonym of C. japoniea Lobbi. 

 CRYFTOFHRACtMIA. See Gymnostachyum. 

 CRYFTOSORUS. See Polypodium. 

 CRYFTOSTEGIA (from kryptos, concealed, and 



stego, to cover; in reference to the scales in the throat 



covering the anthers). OED. AsclepiadecB. Handsome 



climbing stove evergreens, of easy culture in a mixture 



of loam and peat. Cuttings root freely if planted in sand, 



under a glass, in heat. 



C. grandlflora (large-flowered). /?. reddish-purple, large ; corolla 

 cainpanulately funnel-shaped ; tube furnished with five inclosed 

 narrow-bipartite scales inside, which cover the anthers, being 

 opposite them ; corymbs trichotomous, terminal. July. I. oppo- 

 site, shortly petiolate, elliptic, bluntly acuminated, shining. 

 East Indies, 1824. 



C. madagascariensis (Madagascar). A. pink. June. Mada- 



CRYFTOSTEMMA (from kryptos, hidden, and 

 stemma, a crown ; the crown of the flower is hidden). ORD. 

 Composites. A small genus (the three species 

 of which are described below) of diffuse or 

 creeping, hoary herbs. Pappus nniseriate, pa- 

 leaceous, hidden amongst the hairs of the achene ; 

 receptacle honeycombed; involucral scales in 

 many rows, imbricated. Leaves downy. Seeds 

 should be sown on a gentle hotbed, in early 

 spring. When the seedlings are large enough, 

 two or three may be placed in a pot, and either 

 grown entirely in a greenhouse, or placed out 

 of doors about the middle of June. 

 C. calendulaceum (Marigold-flowered). ff.-heads, 

 ray-florets pale yellow, purplish underneath, many, 

 sterile, slightly three-toothed at the point, two-ribbed; 

 disk-florets greenish, with a black-purple, five-cleft 

 border, hermaphrodite, cut-shaped, smooth ; recep- 

 tacle honeycombed, bristly; peduncles one-flowered 

 at the ends of the branches, two or three together, 

 long, striate, clothed with weak red hairs. May and 

 June. 1. lyrate pinnatifld, three-nerved, on the upper side 

 green, hispid; on the under tomentose, white. Cape of Good 

 Hope and Australia. A tender annual. (B. M. 2252.) 

 C. Forbesianum (Forbes's). fl.-heads, ray-florets yellow ; disk 

 dark-coloured. Summer. I. quite glabrous above, snow-white 

 beneath, pinnatipartite (some simple) ; lobes linear lanceolate, 

 quite entire, with revolute margins. Stemless. Cape of Good 

 Hope. 



C. niveum (snowy). fl..head* yellow, solitary. I. long-stalked, 

 ovate, cordate, or roundish. Cape of Good Hope. A decumbent 

 or creeping branched herb, white-woolly in most parts. SYN. 

 Microstephium niveum. 



CUBA BAST. The inner bark of Hibiscus elatus. 

 CUCKOO BUDS. See Ranunculus bulbosus. 



CUCKOO FLOWER. See Cardamine pratensis 

 and Lychnis Flos-cuculi. 



CUCKOO PINT. See Arum maculatum. 

 CUCKOO SPIT. See Frog Hopper. 



CUCULLATE. Hooded; when the sides or apex of 

 anything are curved inwards, so as to resemble a hood. 



CUCUMBER (Cucumis sativus). The Cucumber is 

 believed to be a native of warm countries in Asia, and 

 also of Egypt, where it has been extensively grown from 

 a very early period. Pig. 557 represents a lateral growth, 

 showing flowers of both sexes. Its cultivation is a matter 

 of importance in almost every garden, and there are very 

 few of any pretensions where it is not attempted, either 

 in houses, frames, or in the open air, in summer. Cu- 

 cumbers are also extensively grown for market purposes, 

 and, as a rule, prove very remunerative. To cultivate 

 them successfully, plenty of light, heat, and moisture, are 

 required. Those who grow for supplying the market, in- 

 variably use epan-roofed houses having large panes of 

 glass, and probably no better could be chosen. Such 

 houses cannot, however, be obtained in the majority of 

 gardens; consequently, those situations should be selected 

 which are most favourable to the above-named necessary 

 conditions. 



Cultivation. To keep up a supply all the year round, is 

 a matter of great difficulty where there is not provision for 

 adopting various methods, according to the season. In 

 summer, Cucumbers will grow and fruit freely in frames or 

 pits with a little dung heat ; but in winter, a light house, 

 with plenty of both top and bottom-heat at command, is 

 absolutely necessary. Their cultivation outside in summer 

 is a matter of uncertainty, excepting in very warm and 

 sheltered positions, or in the case of the Short Prickly and 

 a few others of the hardier kinds. Cucumbers delight in 

 a rather light soil, and during the spring and summer 

 plenty of water, applying liquid manure frequently at the 

 time they are bearing heavily. 



Culture under Glass. Beginning with spring and summer 

 supply, seedw should be sown the end of January, and at 

 short intervals during the three following months, as the 

 plants soon get too large if their respective situations are 

 not ready for them at the proper time ; and others should 

 therefore be coming on. If allowed to get pot-bound, they 



FIG. 557. LATERAL GROWTH OF CUCUMBER. 



become infested with insects, and should be thrown away. 

 It is best to sow singly, in small pots, to prevent injury to 

 the roots when repotting. Plunge them in a good bottom 

 heat, and, as soon as up, admit all the light possible, 

 especially in January and February. The house intended 

 for them should be well cleaned previous to planting, and 

 the soil put in in small heaps, to get thoroughly warmed. 

 Light turfy loam, not' broken too small, with the addition 

 of about one-half or one-third the quantity of well-decayed 

 manure, will be found a good compost. The trellis should 

 not be nearer the glass than 1ft., and a stake should be 

 put to the plants as soon as they are put in, to prevent 

 them breaking off. A temperature of 70deg. to 75deg., or 

 higher on bright days, with a minimum night temperature 

 of 60deg., should be maintained, keeping the walls and 

 passages damped frequently. Airing and syringing will 

 greatly depend on the outside temperature ; in early spring, 

 very little, of either will be necessary; but, as summer 



