AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



421 



Cymbidium continued. 



C. gigantenm (gigantic).* JL large; sepals and petals brown; 

 lip brown, stained with yellow andhlotched with purple ; racemes 

 erect, many-flowered. Winter and spring, lasting several weeks 

 in beauty The plant has a distinct pseudo-bulb, which is clothed 

 with the broad sheathing bases of the long sword-like leaves. 

 Northern India, 1837. A strong and bold-growing species, but 

 somewhat shy at flowering. See Fig. 590. (P. M. B. xii. 24L) 



C. Hookerianum (Hooker's).* JL very large, upwards of 4in. in 

 diameter; sepals and petals green; lip straw-coloured, deep 

 yellow at the margins, round which are large blotches of rich 

 purple; racemes erect Sikkim Himalayas, 1866. A fine cool- 

 house species, similar to C. giganteum in habit, but striped with 

 greenish-yellow at base of the leaves. (B. M. 5574.) 



C. Button! (Button's).* JL rather large ; petals wholly of a deep 

 chocolate-colour; sepals and lip thickly marked with transverse 

 chocolate-coloured bars on a whitish ground; racemes long, 

 drooping, radical. L twin, coriaceous, nerveless. Pseudo-bulbs 

 elongated. Java, 1857. A very distinct species. (B. M. 5676.) 



C. Leachianum (Leach's).* Jl., sepals and petals lignlate, acute, 

 whitish-ochre colour, with a brown line running nearly to the 

 ; lip nearly totally brown except the whitish disk with' 

 keels,_three-lobed ; racemes loose, i. linear-lanceolate, 



1L olive-green, brown, whitish. 



apex 

 two 



acute. Formosa, 1878. 

 C. longifolium (long-leaved). 

 November. India, 1873, 



C. Lowiannm (Low's).* JL large : sepals and petals green, with a 

 few faint sepia-brown lines over the strongest nerves ; lip whitish- 

 yellow; disk of anterior lacinia in the beginnins purple, later 

 maroon brownish-purple, with a very narrow pallid border, a few 

 spots at base of lip. March. Burmah, 1877. (G. C. n. s., xi. 405.) 

 C. Masters!! (Masters').* fl. pure ivory-white, saving a stain of 

 pink on the lip, and with a fragrance like that of almonds: 

 racemes erect, many-flowered. Winter. Assam, 184L In general 

 appearance, the growth of this species resembles C. ebumeum, 

 but the leaves are longer, broader, and more recurved, and are 

 destitute of the close sheathing base which is a striking feature 

 in that plant (Gn., May, 1884.) There are one or more varie- 

 ties of this species. 



C. ochroleucum. See Camaridium ochroleucum. 

 C. Parish!! (Parish's).* A very rare and beautiful species. De- 

 scribed as follows : sepals and petals ivory-white ; lip with an 

 orange middle zone, and an orange disk to the anterior lobe, both 

 painted with purplish-brown spots. The side lobes of the lip have 

 numerous spots of a most lively purplish-violet, which give the 

 chief charm to the flower. The back side of the column is white, 

 the edges are yellow, and the front side is yellow, with some 

 brownish-purple spots on the foot Peduncle two or t'.iree- 

 flowered. L ligulate, narrow, acute. Burmah, 1874. (W. O. A. 25.) 

 C. pendulum (pendulous). Jl., sepals and petals brown ; lip red, 

 striped with white ; racemes long, drooping, from 1ft to 2ft in 

 length, many-flowered. July and August L erect long, narrow, 

 thick, leathery, dark green. Nepaul, 1838. A large-growing 

 plant. (B. R.26,25.) 



C. p. purpureum (purple).* A very handsome variety, producing 

 racemes from 2ft to 3ft long ; sepals and petals of a rich deep red ; 

 lip white, with crimson markings. East Indies, 1868. 

 C. sinense (Chinese).* JL deliciously fragrant ; sepals and petals 

 brown and purple; lip yellowish-green, spotted with purple; 

 racemes tall, erect, many-flowered. China, 1793. (L. B. C. 37.) 

 C. tigrinum (striped). ft. large; sepals and petals greenish- 

 yellow, spotted with red ; lip large, tapering to a point, middle 

 portion white, striped with cross bars of purple, sides of the lip 

 also purple. L about 6in. long. Pseudo-bulbs nearly round. 

 Tenassenm, 1864. (B. M. 5457.) 

 CYMBIFORM. Boat-shaped. 



CYMBURT7S. A synonym of Stachytarpheta 

 (which see). 



CYME. An inflorescence which is branched and cen- 

 trifugal, the central flower always opening first. Example : 

 Cerastium. 



CYNANCHUM (from kynos, a dog, and ancho, to 

 strangle; in allusion to the poisonous properties of some 

 species). STN. Symphyoglossum. ORD. Asclepiadeae. A 

 genus containing about eighteen species of twining herbs 

 or sub-shrubs, natives of South Europe, Africa, Asia, and 

 Australia. Umbels interpetiolar ; corolla sub-rotate, five- 

 parted ; corona membranous, forming a loose cup or tnbe 

 round the anthers; anthers terminated by a membrane. 

 Leaves opposite. The following species are of very easy 

 culture in ordinary garden soil; and are readily propa- 

 gated by dividing the roots, in spring. 

 C. acutum (acute). 1 white or rose-coloured, scented, in small, 

 stalked, axillary or terminal umbels. July. L lanceolate, 

 deeply cordate at the base. A. 2ft to 12ft South Europe, Ac. 

 Hardy climber. 



C. nigrnm (black). A synonym of Vineetoxieum nigrum. 

 C. pilosum (pilose). A synonym of Yincetoxicum pilorum. 



Cynanchum continued. 

 , roseum (rosy).* Jl. rosj 

 narrow-linear. A. 1ft to lift Western Asia. Hardy "perennial." 



C. roseum (rosy).* Jl. rosy-red. Summer. L shortly stalked, 

 narrow-linear. A. 1ft to IJft "* ' 

 SVN. Cycoctonum roteum. 



C. Vincetoxloom (Vincetoxicum). A synonym of F*nctoxfcum 



ofKcinale. 



CYNARA (from kyon, a dog; the spines of the in- 

 volucre being likened to dogs' teeth). Artichoke. OBD. 

 Compotitce. A genus containing about six species of hardy 

 herbaceous thistle-like perennials, natives of the Mediter- 

 ranean region and Canary Islands. Involucre broad or 

 sub-globose ; coriaceous bracts in many series ; receptacle 

 fleshy, flat, densely setose ; pappus hairs many-seriate, 

 plumose. Although some of these are much more gene- 

 rally grown for economic purposes than for floricultural 

 ornament, few plants are more stately or effective when 

 planted in the backgrounds of borders or the outskirts 

 of shrubberies. For culture and propagation, see Arti- 

 choke (Globe) and Cardoon. 

 C. Cardnnculus. Cardoon. JL-headt purple ; scales of involucre 



ovate. August and September. L spiny, all pinnatifld. A. 5ft 



South Europe, 1658. (B. M. 324L) 

 C. horrida (horrid). JL -head* purple. August and September. I. 



pinnatitid, downy beneath, spiny ; spines of the base of leaves 



and pinnae connate at base. A. 6ft South Europe, Ac., 1768. 



(S. F. G. 834.) 

 C. Scolymus. Globe Artichoke. JL -heads purple, very large ; 



involucre consisting of oval-obtuse, sometimes einarginate, downy 



scales. Autumn. I. long, nearly pinnatifld, somewhat spiny; 



under surface covered with white cottony dowu. A. 3ft to 6ft. 



.1548. This is not a species, but merely a cultivated form of 



C. Cardunculu* ; it is nowhere found wild. 



CYNIPS. See Galls. 

 CYNIPS ROSf. See Rose-Galls. 

 CYXOCRAMBE. A synonym of Thelygonuxn 

 (which see). 



CYNOGLOSSUM (from kyon, kunos, a dog, and 



glossa, a tongue ; in allusion to the form of the leaves 



of most species). Hound's Tongue. ORD. Boraginecc. 



Tall, robust, downy biennials or perennials, soft to the 



touch. Racemes usually bractless, fecund, terminal, simple, 



bifid, or twin ; corolla funnel-shaped or sub-rotate ; throat 



closed by prominent scales. Leaves large, broadest at top. 



All the species are coarse-growing, but the flowers of some 



are very pretty. For culture, see Dipsacus. 



C. chelrifollum (Wallflower-leaved). JL, corolla rose-coloured, 



processes of the throat deep red ; racemes bracteate, terminal, 



simple. June and July. I. lanceolate, obtuse, tomentose, hoary. 



h. 6in. to 12in. South Europe, 1596. Biennial. 



C. Dioscorldls (Dioscorides'). Jl., corolla red or flesh-coloured, 



with deeper veins ; racemes elongated, bractless, loose, usually 



terminal June. I. narrow-lanceolate, acuminated, dilated at 



the base, rather hispid. A. lift, to 2ft. South-west Europe, 1820. 



Biennial. 



C. offlcinale (officinal). JL, corolla reddish; processes of the 

 throat purple ; racemes bractless, panicled at the time the flowers 

 are open, terminating the branches and stem. June. /., lower 

 ones broad-lanceolate ; superior ones broadest at the base, acute, 

 canescent from downy tomentum. A. 2ft Europe (Britain). 

 Biennial. 



C. O. bicolor (two-colouredl Jl., corolla white, with the pro- 

 cesses in the throat red, and the limb marked with five red spots. 

 I. lanceolate, narrowed at the base, downy ; upper ones sessile, 

 cordate. Germany. Biennial. 



C. pictum (painted). JL, corolla purple or blue, elegantly marked 

 with deeper-coloured, dichotomous veins, which are branched 

 at top ; racemes bractless. August L lanceolate, acute ; upper 

 ones ovate-lanceolate, cordate, finely tomentose. Stem bluntly 

 angular. A. 2ft South Europe, 1658. Biennial. (B. M. 2134.) 

 C. virginloum (Virginian). Jl., corolla pale bine; racemes 

 bractless. July. I., lower ones somewhat spathulate-lanceolate ; 

 superior ones clasping by a deep heart-shaped base, lanceolate- 

 oblong, acute; smoothish above and shining, but scabrous 

 beneath. A. 2ft to 5ft United States. Perennial. 



CYNOMETRA (from kyon, a dog, and metra, a 

 matrix ; in reference to the shape and consistence of the 

 pods). ORD. Leguminosae. Stove evergreen trees. Flowers 

 red, rising from the main trunk of the tree. Legumes 

 brown, edible. Leaves abruptly pinnate, consisting of a 

 single pair of leaflets. About twenty species are known 

 to science ; they are distributed over the tropical portions 

 of both hemispheres. For culture, see Copaifera. 



