AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



429 



Cystopteria continued. 



slightly toothed, tori small, two to twelve to a pinnule. Moon- 

 tains of Europe (Teesdale, England) and Asia Minor. 



C. bnlblfera (bulb-bearing), rti. 4in. to 6in. long, fronds 6in. to 

 12in. long, Sin. to 4in. broad at the widest part, ovate-lanceolate, 

 often much elongated upwards, bi- or tripinnatifld ; lower pinnules 

 lanceolate, 2in. to 3in. long ; segments linear-oblong, very slightly 

 toothed, tvri two to twelve to a pinnule. North America, 1638. 

 Large fleshy bulblets are formed in the arils of the upper pinnae, 

 which fall to the ground and become new plants. 



C. fragllis (fragile).* sti. 2in. to Sin. long, frondt 4in. to Sin. long, 

 ljin. to 2in. broad, ovate-lanceolate, tnpinnatifld ; largest pinna? 

 lin. to liin. long, iin. to Jin. broad ; pinnules oblong-rhomboidal ; 

 segments bluntly or sharply toothed, tori two to twelve to a 

 pinnule. Temperate regions of both Northern and Southern 

 hemispheres. This elegant little species is admirably adapted 

 for growing in fern cases ; it has numerous more or less distinct 

 varieties, the best of which are described below. Other forms 

 are : decurrem, interrupta, obtusa, and sempervirent. 



C. angnstata (narrow). Whole frond attenuated, and some- 

 times even depauperated. Barely exceeding 9in. in height. 



C. dentata (dentate), fronds bipinnate, bluntly toothed, tori 

 very close to the margin, h. bin. 



C. f. Dickleana (Dickie's), frondt 4in. to Sin. in height, rich 

 dark green ; pinnae all bending down somewhat, and overlapping 

 each other ; pinnules slightly and bluntly toothed. An elegant 

 form. 



C. montana (mountain), sti. slender, erect, 6in. to Sin. long. 

 frondt about 6in. each way, deltoid, quadripinnatifld ; lowest 

 pinnules deltoid-lanceolate, lin. to liin. long, about Jin. broad ; 

 segments cut down to the rachis below ; lobes oblong, deeply and 

 sharply toothed, tori small, eighteen to twenty-four to the lower 

 segments, rhiz. wide creeping. Scotland (very rare), Mountains 

 of Northern hemisphere. 



CYTISTTS (etymology obscure; according to some, 

 from Cythnus, one of the Cyclades, where some of the 

 species were first found). OED. Leguminosce. A genus 

 of about thirty-eight species of shrubs (rarely spinous), 

 confined to Europe, Northern Africa, the Canary Islands, 

 and Western Asia. Flowers yellow, purple, or white, not 

 honeyed. Leaves one to three-foliolate, or absent ; stipules 

 minute. Two species (0. canariensis and C. racemorus) 

 are largely grown for greenhouse decoration, in spring; 

 most of the others are either hardy trees, or shrubs, 

 of the easiest possible culture. The latter are readily 

 increased by seed, which are generally produced in 

 abundance; or by layers. Some of the rarer kinds may 

 be grafted on a commoner stock, or on seedling plants of 

 the allied genus, Laburnum. 



Cultivation of Greenhouse Species. Propagation is ef- 

 fected, in spring, by cuttings of the young wood, which, 

 if taken when about Sin. long (with a heel preferred), 

 inserted under a bell glass, and placed in heat, or in a 

 close frame, will root readily. If gradually hardened, 

 potted, and grown on, small flowering specimens may 

 be obtained the following spring. As soon as the 

 plants have finished flowering, they should be cut back, 

 and kept in a close temperature of about 55deg., in order 

 to induce growth. When started, any repotting required 

 should be seen to, and the plants returned to a similar 

 place, and kept syringed. When established in the new 

 soil, plenty of air should be admitted, and a thin shading 

 applied in summer. The growing season will be com- 

 pleted about August; the plants should then be placed 

 outside until the appearance of frost. Keep quite cool 

 all the winter, and gradually introduce a few specimens to 

 a warmer house, in January, when the flowers will soon 

 open. A succession may be kept up, if plants are avail- 

 able, until June. Turfy loam, with a small proportion of 

 lumpy peat, and some sharp sand added, forms a suitable 

 compost ; and the plants, when opening their flowers, are 

 much benefited by doses of liquid manure. C. racemosv* 

 forms nice little specimens, in Sin. or 6in. pots, for room 

 decoration, where they keep good a long time. They may 

 afterwards be grown on to form plants 3ft high and nearly 

 as much through. C. canariensis requires similar treat- 

 ment, but does not grow quite so freely. It is very 

 useful for flowering later in the season than the oth< 

 species noticed. 

 C. AdamL See Laburnum AdamJL 



Cytisru continued. 



C. albtu (white). A white, in fascicles, disposed in long 

 May. L simple and trifoliate, sessile; leaflets linear-oblong, 

 silky. Branches terete, twiggy. A. 6ft to 10ft Spain and 

 Portugal, 1752. Hardy. 



C. alplnus. See Laburnum alplnum. 



C. Ardolni (Ardoino's). fL yellow, one to six in the axils of each 

 leaf, usually secund ; calyx campanulate, scarions in upper half, 

 hairy ; lips divergent ; pedicels about twice the length of the 

 calyx, without bracteolse, hairy. Spring. I. trifoliolate ; leaflets 

 obovate, hairy, small, silky when young. Stems rod-like, generally 

 decumbent, many springing from a knotted and twisted stock. 

 A. 4in. Mountains of theMaritime Alpt, 1867. An extremely 

 pretty species, somewhat resembling Genista. (FL Ment 58.) 



C. austriacuB (Austrian), ft. yellow, terminal, somewhat um- 

 bellate. June. (., leaflets lanceolate, attenuated at both ends. 

 Branches twiggy, terete, and, as well as the leaves, clothed with 

 adpressed stngose pubescence, h. 2ft to 4ft East Europe, 174L 

 Hardy. 



C. biflorua (two-flowered), ft. yellow, oblong, about IJin. long, 

 longer than the leaves, parallelly paired ; peduncles short, very 

 thick; calyx pale green, membranous, villons, twice shorter 

 than the vexillum, tubularly oblong, slightly swollen and com- 

 pressed, shallowly bilabiate; lips straight, contracted. May. 

 L ternate, about lin. long, silkily furred underneath: leaflets 

 elliptically-oblong, rather pointed, nearly of the same length as 

 the petiole, with a small mncro ; petiole silkily furred. Branches 

 smooth, silkily furred, loosely and sparsely-leaved. A. 3ft 

 Hungary, 1760. Hardy deciduous. (B. R. 308.) 



FIO. 599. FLOWUING BfcAKCH OF CTTISUS SCOPAKllS. 



