508 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Empleurom continued. 



seeds attached to a sort of coriaceous membrane). OED. 

 Rutaceoe. An ornamental greenhouse evergreen shrub. 

 For cultivation, see Diosma. 



E. serrulatum (serrulate). /. small, axillary, solitary, or in 

 pairs ; peduncles short, bracteolate. June. I. alternate, linear- 

 oblong, smooth, covered with glandular dots beneath, h. 2ft. to 

 3ft. Cape of Good Hope, 1774. 



ENCEPHALARTOS (from en, within, kephale, the 

 head, and artos, bread ; the inner parts of the top of the 

 trunk are farinaceous). ORD. Cycadaceoe. Very hand- 

 some greenhouse or conservatory plants, allied to Gycas ; 

 natives of tropical or Southern Africa. Leaves pinnate, 

 thick, spiny, terminal. Trunk tall, cylindrical. Encepha- 

 lartos thrive best in a strong loamy soil, with some river 

 sand added. They are of very slow growth, unless kept 

 in a high temperature. During the growing season, water 

 should be copiously applied, both from water-pot and 

 syringe; but when not making new growth, which some- 

 times is the case for several years, little water will be 

 needed. Increased by seeds. Some of the species have 

 been used most effectively in sub-tropical gardening, 

 during the summer mouths. 



Encephalartos continued. 

 globose, 4in. to 6in. in circumference, woolly-tomentose. South 



Africa, 1879. 



E. Ghellinckii (Ghellinck's). I pinnate, erect, spreading out 

 from about the middle, 2ft. to 4ft. long ; pinnae linear-fllifonn, 

 densely tomentose. Trunk stout, furnished with woolly scales. 

 Plant spineless. South Africa, 1867. (I. H. 567.) 



E. Hildebrandtil (Hildebrandt's). I. pinnate; pinn 

 lower pairs diminishing into trifld scales iin. long, 

 lanceolate, with distinct marginal and stronger and more crowded 



nte numerous, 

 larger ones 



FIG. 704. ENCEPHALARTOS ALTENSTEINH. 



E. Altenstelnii (Altenstein's).* I. pinnate, 2ft. to 6ft. in length ; 

 pinnae oblong-acuminate, about 6in. long, lin. broad, dark green 

 above, paler below ; apex and edges with long sharp spines ; 

 petioles much swollen at the base. Trunk stout. Cape of Good 

 Hope, 1835. See Fig. 704. (G. C. n. s., vi. 392.) 



E. A. Vromii (Vrom's). I. pinnate; pinnae alternate below, 

 opposite above, forty to fifty in number on each side of the 

 rachis, oblong-lanceolate ; apex spiny ; margins with long spiny 

 teeth ; rachis marked with a prominent rounded ridge in the 

 centre. South Africa, 1871. 



E. brachyphyllus (short-leaved). I pinnate, spreading ; pinnae 

 erect, about bin. long, Jin. wide, stiff ; apex spiny, bluish-green, 

 paler beneath ; petioles tomentose. Trunk stout. South Africa. 



E. caffra (Caffrarian). Caffer Bread. I. pinnate, 3ft. to 4ft. long, 

 spreading, recurved at the apex, with a very stiff texture ; pinnae 

 linear-lanceolate, 4in. to 6in. long, lin. broad, erectish ; apex 

 spinose. Trunk 8ft. to 18ft. high, 3ft. to 4ft. in circumference; 

 crown scaly. South Africa. (B. M. 4903.) 



E. Frederioi-Gnilielml (Prince Frederick William's).' I. in a 

 terminal crown, 28in. to 30in. long, oblong-obtuse, arching ; 

 pinn;e closely crowded, nearly opposite, those in the middle of 

 the leaf 3in. long by iin. broad, linear-oblong. Trunk sub- 



terminal teeth ; petioles clothed at base with close cobwebby 

 hairs. Trunk cylindrical. Zanzibar, 1877. (B. H. 1880, 456.) 

 E. horridus (horrid).* I. pinnate, 2ft. to 6ft. long, erect, abruptly 

 reflexed at the top ; pinnae about 4in. long, with a long, sharp 

 spine at the point. Trunk stout, short Plant blue-green ; tex- 

 ture harsh. South Africa, 1800. (G. C. 1865, 1131.) In the 

 variety trispinosus, the inferior margin of the pinnte is armed 

 with three spines. 



E, lanuglnosus (woolly). I. pinnate, 3ft. to 6ft. long, erect, 

 recurved towards the apex ; pinna; cordate-lanceolate, obtusely 

 pointed, thick, 6in. long, Ijin. broad. Trunk 6ft. to 8ft. high, 

 3ft. in circumference. South Africa. Plant dark heavy green 

 in colour, spineless. 



E. Lehmanni (Lehmann's). I. pinnate, 6ft. long ; pinnae some- 

 what erect, 5in. to 7in. long, Jin. wide, with a short brown spine 

 at the apex. Trunk 2ft. to 3ft. in circumference. South Africa. 

 Plant very glaucous. 



E. M'Kenii (M 'Ken's). I. about 2ft. long, pin- 

 nate ; pinnae smooth, narrowly-lanceolate, some- 

 what distant, with a few teeth in their upper 

 half, the shorter lower ones more strongly 

 toothed, while below these are two rows of 

 branched spine-like teeth extending down to 

 the base ; petiole woolly. South Africa, 1869. 



E. plnmosus (feathery).* L large, pinnate; 

 pinnae armed with stout marginal spines. Trunk 

 thick. South Africa, 1869. 



E. Verschaffelti (Verschaffelt's). I. pinnate ; 

 pinnae Sin. long, linear-lanceolate. South Africa, 

 1875. A stout and erect-growing species. 



E. villosus (hairy).* I. pinnate, 3ft. to 6ft. in 

 length, tapering at the base and apex ; pinnae 

 very numerous, spiny-toothed, 6in. to Sin. long, 

 lin. broad, terminating in a sharp spine ; petioles 

 densely tomentose. Trunk short, thick, woolly- 

 scaly. h. 6ft. Natal, 1866. (B. M. 6654.) 



E. V. ampliatus (enlarged).* I. elegantly arch- 

 ing; pinnae lanceolate, the teeth more numerous 

 towards the tips ; petiole thickly clothed at base 

 with woolly hairs. Trunk cylindrical. 1874. 



ENCHANTER'S NIGHTSHADE. 



See Circaea. 



ENCYCLIA. A synonym of Poly- 

 stachya (which see). 



ENDERA. A synonym of Taccarum 

 (which see). 



ENDIVE (Cichorium Endivia). A 

 hardy annual, which has been cultivated 

 in this country since the early part of 

 the sixteenth century, for the use of its 

 leaves as a salad before the flower 

 stems appear. It is hardier than the 

 majority of Lettuces, and is in season 

 more in the autumn and winter; its cultivation in 

 early summer is not generally followed by good results, 

 as the plants run so quickly to seed. Endive receives 

 greater attention, and is cultivated more largely, on the 

 Continent, especially in France, than in this country. It 

 forms an important addition to salads ; and, as it comes 

 in use when few other salading vegetables are to be 

 obtained, the cultivation should receive every attention, 

 with a view to supplying well-blanched heads for uae 

 over as long a period in winter as possible. It is 

 somewhat strange that many amateurs and cottagers, who 

 consider their garden crops incomplete without a suc- 

 cession of Lettuces, should omit altogether the cultiva- 

 tion of Endive when the latter is just as easily grown, 

 and may be sown or planted on land from which a 

 previous crop has been taken. The means of blanching, 

 and also of protecting, might be accomplished in various 

 ways by those who took sufficient interest in doing it, 



