534 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Escallonia continued. 



lower peduncles simple, axillary ; upper ones racemose. June. 



I. ovate-elliptic, bluntish, serrated, shining, glandularly dotted 



below. Branches pubescent, glandular. A. 3ft. to 6ft. Chiloe, 



1848. (B. M. 4473.) The variety sanguinea has deep red 



flowers. 



E. montevidensis (Monte Video). A synonym of E. floribunda. 



E. organensis (Organ Mountains).* /., petals deep rose-colour, 

 five, spathulate, the claws erect, linear, so closely placed as to 

 form a tube ; limb exactly horizontally patent, oval or oboyate, 

 obscurely crenate at the margin. I. alternate, oblong, copious, 

 erect, somewhat imbricated, glossy, rigid, dark green above, 

 with a red margin, rather obtuse at the point, tapering at the 

 base into a short petiole. Stems and branches rich red-brown. 

 h. 2ft. to 4ft. Organ Mountains, 1844. A lovely plant. (B. M. 

 4274.) 



Phlllpplana (Philippi's). fl. white ; panicles terminal and 

 ,teral, densely crowded. July. I. rich green, somewhat spathu- 



lateral 



late, serrated. 



Valdivia, 1873. (G. C. n. s., x. 109.) 



E. pterocladon (winged-branched). /. white and pink, small, 

 axillary. July. 1. very small, h. 4ft. Patagonia, 1854. (B. M. 

 4827.) 



E. pulverulenta (dusted). fl. white ; petals obovate ; racemes 

 terminal, erect. June. I. elliptic, obtuse, on short petioles, ser- 

 rulated, rather clammy above when young. Branches rather 

 erect, somewhat trigonal. Shrub hairy in every part. h. 6ft. 

 to 10ft. Chili, 1831. (S. B. F. G. ii. 310.) 



a . A>UUUIXIK (dotted). /. one to four, rarely more, in terminal 

 corymbs, sub-erect ; corolla deep dark red. July. I. bright 

 green, sessile, or narrowed into a very short petiole, elliptic- 

 ovate, acute, finely serrated, the serration often irregular ; 

 upper surface glossy, with deeply impressed veins ; under paler, 

 smooth, glabrous, or glandular pubescent, or gland-dotted. 

 h. 3ft. to 6ft. Chili. A much-branched evergreen shrub. SYN. 

 E. rubra punctata. This is easily distinguished from E. rubra 

 by the stalked glands upon the young shoots, &c. (B. M. 6599.) 

 E. rnbra (red).* fl. red ; petals spathulate ; peduncles two to 

 seven-flowered, bracteate. July to September. I. obovate-oblong, 

 acuminated, serrated, full of resinous dots beneath. Branches 

 erect, when young clothed with glandular hairs, h. 3ft. to 6ft. 

 Chili, 1827. Shrub smoothish. (B. M. 2890.) 

 E. r. punctata (red-dotted). A synonym of E. punctata. 



ESCALLONLSi. A tribe of Saxifrages (which 

 see). 



ESCHALOT. See Shallot. 



ESCHSCHOLTZIA (named in honour of J. P. Esch- 

 scholtz, M.D., 1793-1831, a celebrated naturalist, who 

 accompanied Kotzebue round the world). SYN. Chryseis. 

 OBD. Papaveracece. Very ornamental hardy annual or 

 perennial glabrous and glaucescent herbs. Sepals coher- 

 ing in the form of a cap, deciduous. Leaves much 

 divided into narrow segments. Perhaps all the Esch- 

 scholtzias here described are mere forms of one very 

 variable species. These showy plants are largely em- 

 ployed in decorating flower borders in spring, summer, 

 and autumn. They are of very easy culture in ordinary 

 garden soil. Seeds may be sown in spring or autumn, 

 in places where they are to flower. 



E. californlca (Californian).* fl. bright yellow, large. Summer. 

 I. glaucous, tripinnatifid ; segments linear, h. IJft. North-west 

 America, 1790. Annual. Prom this, the first species intro- 

 duced, have sprung a legion of varieties with flowers of a white, 

 pinkish, or pale yellow colour. 



E. O. csespitosa (tufted). fl. yellow, about lin. across. 

 Summer. I. divided into almost thread-like segments, h. 6in. 

 A very pretty little annual, with a close, compact habit, and 

 much branched near the base. SYN. E. tenuifolia. (B. M. 4812.) 

 E. c. crooea (yellow).* fl. deep rich orange. Summer, h. 1ft. 

 California, 1833. Of this showy annual, there are numerous 

 forms, including white, red, striped, and a double orange- 

 flowered kind. 

 E. tenuifolia (slender-leaved). A synonym of E. e. ccespitosa. 



In addition to the foregoing, very showy garden forms have been 

 raised, including compacta (orange) ; Mandarin (a gorgeous orange- 

 crimson flowered sort) ; and several others. 



ESPALIERS. A term applied to a mode of training 

 fruit-trees in the open ground, either as permanent feature's 

 or preparatory to placing them on walls or on a trellis 

 inside a house. Many methods are employed, some of a 

 temporary, and others of a permanent, character. For a 

 single tree, a row of stakes about 5ft. high, driven in the 

 ground, 9in. apart, is suitable. A narrow strip of wood 

 is generally laid on the tops of the stakes, and a nail driven 

 into each, to hold them firmly. Fruit-trees trained as 



Espaliers continued. 



Espaliers, to separate borders running parallel to walks 

 from the inside garden, sometimes have strained wires 

 fixed for the purpose. Another mode is to have end 

 posts, to which are secured top and bottom rails, with 

 vertical strips of wood nailed to them. The trees 

 may be trained to any desired shape as Espaliers, in the 

 same way as if they were on walls. Full exposure to light 



FIG. 736. FRUIT-TREE TRAINED UPRIGHT AS AN ESPALIER. 

 on both sides is obtained by proper thinning ; but the 

 advantages of a wall regarding the protection afforded 

 cannot, of course, be similarly secured. An upright- 

 trained fruit-tree is shown in Fig. 736; the stem is 

 represented rather higher than is usual with trees trained 

 in this way. Stakes at each end, and an Espalier frame 

 fixed to them, would suit such a tree best ; or one each 

 of the former might be inserted to the upright branches 

 separately. See also Training'. 



ESPARTO GRASS. See Stipa tenacissima. 

 ESFELETIA (named in honour of Don Jose de 

 Espeleta, a Viceroy of New Grenada). OBD. Composites. 

 A genus containing about eleven species of remarkable 

 greenhouse woolly-leaved plants. Flower-heads yellow, 

 sometimes lin. or more across, corymbose. Leaves alter- 

 nate, or rarely opposite, entire, lanceolate or linear, wholly 

 covered with dense white or rusty-coloured wool. They 

 thrive in a sandy-peat soil, and should be kept in a dry 

 and airy part of the greenhouse. During damp weather, 

 in winter, the plants should only receive sufficient water to 

 keep the soil moist, and care must be taken that the 

 woolly leaves are not wetted. The species here described 

 are the only ones yet in general cultivation. 

 E. argentea (silvery), fl.-heads yellow, moderately large, the 

 disk inclining to brown ; florets all subtended by a ligulate, 

 membranaceous scale. July. I. narrow-lanceolate, densely silky 

 and strigose on both sides, h. 5ft. to 6ft. New Grenada, 1845. 

 A very remarkable plant. (B. M. 4480.) 



E. grandlflora (large-flowered), fl. -heads yellow, large. Summer. 

 1. lanceolate, h. 10ft. New Grenada. This species yields a gum- 

 resin of a beautiful yellow colour, which is largely employed 

 by the native printers in the composition of their inks. 



ETIOLATION. See Blanching. 



ETJADENIA (from eu, well, and aden, a gland; in 

 allusion to the appendix at the base of the gynophore 

 terminating in about five minute spherical knobs). OBD. 

 i GapparidecB. A genus of two or three species of stove 

 herbs or sub-shrubs, from tropical Africa, only the one 

 described below having yet been introduced to cultiva- 

 tion. It thrives in a well-drained loamy soil. Cuttings 

 strike readily in bottom heat. 



E. eminens (eminent), fl., petals four, sulphur-yellow, two 



r-subul 



four, green, lanceolate, acuminate, Jii 

 stalked, trifoliolate, quite glabrous. A striking plant, with a 



dorsal ones 4in. long, erect, narrowly linear- 

 " ito a long claw ; two lower ones smaller, pointing f 

 spals four, green, lanceolate, acuminate, Jin. long. I. alternate, 



late, narrowed 

 o lower ones smaller, pointing forward ; 



"singularly handsome inflorescence, which resembles a can- 

 delabrum in its ramification, the yellow petals looking like 

 pairs of gas jets on each branch." West tropical Africa, 1880. 

 (B. M. 6578.) 



