540 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Euonymus continued. 



serrated, almost sessile. Branches smooth, quadrangular, h. 2ft. 

 to 6ft. North America, 1686. Hardy deciduous. (A. F. B. ii. 499.) 



E. atropurpureus (dark-purple).* Burning Bush ; Waahoo. 

 it. dark-purple, quadrifid ; petals orbicular; peduncles many- 

 Howered, compressed. June. I. oval-oblong, acuminate, serrated, 

 stalked. Branches smooth, h. 6ft. to 14ft. North America, 

 1756. Hardy deciduous. (A. F. B. ii. 499.) 



E. europaeus (European). * fl. greenish-white, small, fcetid; petals 

 oblong, acute ; peduncles usually three-flowered. May. I. ovate- 

 lanceolate, finely serrated. Branches smooth, h. 6ft. to 20ft. 

 West Asia, Europe (Britain), &c. Hardy deciduous. (Sy. En. B. 

 317.) 



E. fimbriatus (flmbriate).* fl. white, sub-umbellate, on long fili- 

 form peduncles. I. ovate, acuminate, fringed with long, parallel, 

 toothed serratures. Branches terete, smooth, h. 12ft. Japan, 

 India, &c. Half-hardy evergreen. (F. d. S. 1851, 71.) 



E. grandiflorus (large-flowered), fl. white, very large, slightly 

 nodding, inodorous; petals orbicular, flat, with curled edges; 

 peduncles slender, flattened, three to six-flowered. April. I. 

 ovate-oblong, obtuse, acutely-serrulate, with a tapering, entire 

 base. Branches slightly four-cornered, h. 10ft. Nepaul, 1824. 

 Half-hardy evergreen. 



E. Hamiltonianus (Hamilton's), fl. white ; petals lanceolate, 

 cordate, with revolute edges ; peduncles dichotomous, six-flowered. 

 April. I. lanceolate, finely serrated. Branches smooth, terete. 

 h. 5ft. to 20ft. Temperate Himalaya, Japan, 1825. Half-hardy 

 evergreen. (B. F. F. 16.) 



E. japonicus (Japanese).* fl. white, small ; petals orbicular, 

 fringed ; peduncles flattened, crowded and panicled on the recent 

 shoots, two or three times dichotomous, many-flowered. April. 

 I. oblong, sharply serrulated, acuminated. Branchlets pendu- 

 lous, slightly compressed, h, 20ft. Nepaul, 1804. Half-hardy 

 in the northern counties of England. Evergreen. There are 

 several handsomely variegated forms of this species, the names 

 of which indicate the markings : albo-marginatis. aureo-maryi- 

 natus, latifolius-albus, latifolius-aureus, &c. E. radioing, a small 

 decumbent shrub, with oblong or orbicular serrated leaves, is a 

 form of E. japonicus ; it also has several highly ornamental varie- 

 gated sub-varieties. 



E. latifolius (broad-leaved), fl. white at first, but becoming 

 purplish as they fade: petals oval, ovate; peduncles tricho- 

 tomous, many-flowered. June. I. broad, ovate, toothleted. 

 Branches smooth, h. 6ft. to 8ft Europe, &c., 1863. Hardy 

 deciduous. (B. M. 2384.) 



E. verrucosus (warty-branched), fl. greenish-white or greenish- 

 yellow, small ; petals ovate ; peduncles three-flowered. May. 

 I somewhat ovate. Branches warted. h. 10ft. to 20ft. Eu- 

 rope, 1730. Hardy deciduous. (J. F. A. 1, 49.) 



EUPATORIUM (Eupatorion is a name used by 

 Dioscorides and it is said by Pliny to have been so 

 called after Mithridates Eupator, king of Pontus, who 

 discovered one of the species to be an antidote against 

 poison). Including Bulbostylis, Conoclinium, and Hebecli- 

 nium. OKD. Composites. A large genus of stove, green- 

 house, or hardy, herbaceous or shrubby plants, many of 

 which are very ornamental, whilst others are of no hor- 

 ticultural value. There are upwards of 400 species, 

 most of which are American; they are rarer in the 

 Old World. Flower-heads purplish, bluish or white, in 

 terminal corymbs ; receptacle naked ; pappus rough, two- 

 sexual ; involucral bracts imbricate, two to three-seriate ; 

 florets all tubular, five-fid. Leaves opposite or rarely 

 alternate, entire, dentate, or rarely dissected. Some of 

 the hardy sorts form excellent border plants, and are of 

 very easy culture in ordinary garden soil. These are 

 propagated by division. E. atrorubens and E. ianihinum 

 are distinct and useful winter-flowering plants, that 

 require a warm greenhouse temperature. Cuttings of the 

 young shoots strike easily in spring, if placed in heat, 

 in a close frame. If grown on throughout the summer 

 without being stopped, a large terminal flower-head will 

 be produced by each the following winter. A house with 

 a temperature of 50deg. to 55deg. will suit them when 

 in flower, but this should be maintained, as the plants 

 soon droop if exposed to cold. If pruned back annually 

 after flowering, and repotted, large bushes may, in course 

 of time, be formed. E. atrorubens grows the more vigorous 

 of the two, and the flowers are darker than those of 

 E. ianihinum, which is, however, a good old species, well 

 worth attention. Both are generally known as Hebecli- 

 niums. The cool greenhouse species are readily increased 

 by cuttings, inserted in spring. E. Weinmannianum is 



Eupatorium continued. 



somewhat shrubby, and may be grown for several years 

 if pruned in a little after flowering. It is a very useful 

 subject for decorating or for cut flowers, in early autumn 

 and winter. E. riparium continues the flowering period; 

 and, as this grows rapidly, it is best to propagate each 

 year. Any frame where plenty of air can be admitted, is 

 suitable for it in summer, and a house where frost is 

 merely excluded, is warm enough in winter. If placed 

 in heat, the plants soon become weak and drawn. This 

 species is slender-growing, and has a much finer appear- 

 ance when three plants are placed in an Sin. pot, and 

 the growths tied out with small stakes. The most suit- 

 able soil for the greenhouse Eupatoriums is a rich com- 

 post of loam and dried cow-manure, in about equal parts. 

 Plenty of water is necessary at all seasons, and artificial 

 or liquid manure may be used with advantage after the 

 flower-heads appear. 



E. ageratoid.es (Ageratum-like). fl.-heads pure white, numerous ; 

 corymbs compound, twelve to twenty-flowered. Summer. I. 

 opposite, ovate, or somewhat cordate, stalked, coarsely toothed. 

 h. 1ft. to 4ft. Plant branching. North America, 1640. Hardy 

 herbaceous. 



E. aromaticum (aromatic), fl.-heads white; corymbs loose, 

 eight to twenty-flowered. Late summer. I. opposite, usually 

 very shortly stalked, rounded, toothed, h. 3ft. to 4ft. North 

 America, 1739. A strong-growing, variable, hardy species. 



E. atrorubens (dark-red).* fl.-heads reddish, shaded with lilac, 

 numerous. Autumn, winter. I. large, opposite, somewhat 

 ovate, toothed. Mexico, 1862. A very neat and useful green- 

 house species SYI Hebeclinium atrorubens. (I. H. 1862, 310.) 



linum. Hemp Agrimony, fl.-heads reddish-purple, in 

 terminal tufts. July. I. three to five-foliate ; leaflets lanceolate, 

 serrate, h. 2ft. to 4ft. Stems erect, sub-simple, downy. Asia, 

 Europe (Britain), &c. A very handsome native perennial, and 

 one of the best of hardy species. (Sy. En. B. 785.) 



E. Haageanum (Haage's). fl.-heads white, small, in loose 

 corymbs. I. opposite, ovate, acuminate, coarsely serrated. 

 South America, 1867. An erect shrubby greenhouse plant. 



E. ianthinum (violet).* fl.-heads purple, produced in very large 

 terminal corymbs. Winter. I. large, ovate, soft, deeply serrate 

 at the edges, h. 3ft. Mexico, 1849. A very useful greenhouse, 

 winter-flowering plant. SYN. Hebeclinium ianthinum. (B. M. 

 4574.) 



E. macrophyllum (large-leaved), fl.-heads reddish-lilac, pro- 

 duced in large corymbs, in great profusion. Autumn, winter. 

 I. large, cordate, dark green, h. 4ft. Tropical America, 1823. 

 A very large greenhouse species, allied to the last-named. SYN. 

 Hebeclinium macrophyllum. (R. H. 1866, 42.) 



E. purpureum (purple), fl.-heads purplish ; corymbs five to nine- 

 flowered. Autumn. I. three to six in a whorl, somewhat ovate, 

 or lanceolate, acuminated, rough, uneqrmlly toothed, downy 

 beneath, h. 3ft. to 9ft. Hardy. North America, 1640. 



E. riparium (river-bank).* fl.-heads white, numerously disposed 

 in a panicle of terminal and axillary corymbs. Spring. I. oblong- 

 lanceolate, deeply toothed. South America, 1867. A very desirable 

 greenhouse plant. (B. G. 525.) 



E. Weinmannianum (Weinmann's).* fl.-heads white, sweet- 

 scented, large, corymbose. Autumn and winter. I. opposite, 

 elliptic-lanceolate. South America, 1867. An elegant fragrant 

 greenhouse plant. (G. C. n. s., v. 53.) 



EUPHORBIA (a name given to this plant by Dios- 

 corides ; said by Pliny to have been so called in honour 

 of Euphorbus, physician to Juba, King of Mauritania). 

 Milkwort or Spurge. SYN. Tithymalus. Including Poin- 

 settia and Treisia. OED. Euphorbiacece. A genus com- 

 prising about 600 species of stove, greenhouse, or hardy, 

 trees, shrubs, and herbs. The flowers are unisexual, 

 collected into heads ; these flower-heads are placed in 

 umbels variously branched, or aggregated into clusters 

 round the top of the stem. Only a very few plants of 

 this genus are worth growing for horticultural purposes. 

 The few hardy species of ornamental value make ex- 

 cellent border plants, and are fit subjects for naturalising 

 on rocky, somewhat dry situations. These may be 

 increased by cuttings, or by division. Two largely 

 grown stove species, that are among the best and most 

 showy of winter-flowering plants, are E. fulgens and 

 E. pulcherrima (the latter is better known under the 

 name of Poinsettia pulcherrima). Another, which is 

 frequently represented in gardens by one or more plants, 



