2 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Fagraea continued. 



F. zeylanica (Cingalese). /. white, large, few, terminal, umbel- 

 late. I. crowded, obovate-oblong, obtuse ; bracts ovate, obtuse. 

 Stem sub-quadrangular, shrubby, erect, h. 12ft Ceylon, 1816. 



FAOUS (the old Latin name, akin to Greek Phegos, 

 an Oak, and perhaps derived from phago, to eat; the 

 nuts were used as food in the early ages). Beech. ORD. 

 Cupuliferce. A genus containing about fifteen species of 

 handsome, deciduous or evergreen trees or shrubs, widely 

 distributed throughout the temperate and colder regions 

 of both Northern and Southern hemispheres. Male 

 flowers disposed in long-stalked, drooping heads; calyx 

 four to seven -lobed. Female flowers two to four 

 together, in a four -partite involucre of imbricating 

 bracts. Leaves entire or toothed. The common Beech 

 grows well in most dry soils, preferring a sandy 

 loam, with chalky bottom, and light loams generally, 

 to heavier soils. Propagation is effected by means of 

 the seeds or nuts, which ripen in October. In order 

 to keep them in a fit condition for sowing during the 

 ensuing March or April, they should, after being 



FIG. 1. BRANCHLET OF FAGUS SYLVATICA, showing Male 

 and Female Flowers. 



thoroughly dried, be mixed with about double the quantity 

 of dry sand, in tubs or barrels, and stored in a loft or 

 some cool place. Provided mice can be kept off the 

 ground, it is better to sow the nuts immediately after 

 they have been collected ; they may either be sown 

 in drills or in beds, covering with about lin. of soil. As 

 the Beech does not always transplant very readily, it 

 will be necessary to replant in nursery rows every 

 two or three seasons, until the seedlings have attained 

 the desired size and are placed in the positions they 

 are intended to occupy permanently. The numerous 

 varieties of our native species are propagated by graft- 

 ing on the type. The common Beech succeeds admirably 

 as a hedge, which it is usual to trim close ; and as the 

 dead leaves cling to the stems in winter and during the 

 early spring months, they give valuable shelter. An oil 

 is expressed from Beech nuts. 



I. ovate, blunt, glabrous, attenuated 

 , doubly dentate, alternate, petiolate, lin. long, 

 ego, 1830. A deciduous shrub or tree, with rugged, 

 iches. (H. F. A. 123.) 



F. antarctica (Antarctic), 

 at the base, doubl 

 Tierra del Fue< ' 

 tortuous branc 



Fagus continued. 



F. betuloides (Birch-like).* Evergreen Beech. I. ovate-elliptic, 

 obtuse, crenulate, leathery, shining, glabrous, round at the base, 

 on short footstalks. Tierra del Fuego, 1830. An evergreen tree. 

 (II. F. A. 124.) 



F. ferruginea (rusty).* I. ovate, acuminate, thickly toothed, 

 downy beneath, ciliate on the margin. United States, 1766. 

 A large, deciduous tree, very closely resembling the common 

 European species, from which it is distinguished by its longer, 

 thinner, and less shining leaves. 



F. obliqua (oblique). I. ovate-oblong, oblique, somewhat rhom- 

 boid, blunt, doubly serrated, entire at the base, attenuated into 

 the petioles, and somewhat downy, h. 50ft. Chili. Hardy, de- 

 ciduous. 



F. sylvatica (sylvan). Common Beech. I. oblong-ovate, obscurely 

 toothed ; margin ciliate. h. 60ft. to 100ft. A triangular area 

 between Norway, Asia Minor, and Spain. A large, deciduous 

 tree. See Fig. 1. Of the numerous varieties of this splendid 

 species, the following are the most important : argenteo-variegatis, 

 leaves silver-striped ; asplenifolia, heterophylla, incisa, and guerci- 

 folia, with more or less cut leaves ; cuprea, leaves copper- 

 coloured : aureo-varieijatis, leaves gold-striped ; purpurea, leaves 

 deep purple ; and the weeping or pendulous form, pendula. 



FAIR MAIDS OF FRANCE. See Ranun- 

 culus aconitifolius and Sazifraga granulata. 



FAIR MAIDS OF KENT. See Ranunculus 

 aconitifolius. 



FAIRY PRIMROSE. See Primula minima. 



FAIRY RINGS. Green circles, or parts of circles, 

 seen in pastures, and produced by the peculiar mode of 

 growth of several species of Agarics and other Fungi. 

 Agaricus arvensis, A. gambosus, and Marasmius oreades, 

 are good examples of those usually inhabiting Fairy 

 Rings. 



FALCATE, FALCIFORM. Bent like a sickle. 



FALCONERA. This genus is now included under 

 Albuca. 



FALKIA (named after John Peter Falk, 1730-1774, 

 a Swede, Professor of Botany at St. Petersburgh). ORD. 

 Convolvulacece. A genus containing three or four species 

 of greenhouse or half-hardy, herbaceous plants, from South 

 Africa. F. repens is a very pretty, little, greenhouse, ever- 

 green creeper, thriving in a compost of loam and peat, 

 or any light soil. Increased by cuttings, inserted under 

 a hand glass, in April ; or by divisions. 

 F. repens (creep 



campanulate, ere 



May. I. scattered, petiolate, cordate-ovate, obtuse, entire. 



Stems decumbent, rooting ; branches filiform. Cape of Good 



Hope, 1774. (B. M. 2228.) 



FALLUGIA (named after Fallugius, a Florentine 

 botanist, who flourished about the end of the seventeenth 

 century). ORD. Rosacece. A monotypic genus. The 

 species is an erect, much-branched shrub. For culture, 

 see Sieversia (to which it is allied). 



F. paradoxa (paradoxical), ft. white, large, showy, sub-corym- 

 bose, pedicellate. I. alternate, petiolate, irregularly three to 



five-lobed or pinnatind, rarely entire ; lobes linear, obtuse ; 



margins recurved, snowy underneath. New Mexico. (B. M. 



6660.) 



FALSE ACACIA. See Robinia Pseudo-acacia. 



FALSE DITTANY. See Dictamnus albus. 



FALSE DRAGON-HEAD. See Fhysostegia. 



FALSE LARCH. See Fseudolariz. 



FAME FLOWER. See Talinum teretifolinm. 



FAN PALM. See Chaxnaerops, Corypha, and 

 Sabal Blackburniana. 



FAN-SHAPED. Plaited like a fan; e.g., the leaves 

 of Chamccrops and Livistona. 



FARAMEA (said to be the native name in Guiana). 

 STN. Tetramerium. ORD. Rubiacece. A tropical American 

 genus, containing about forty species, only one of which, 

 perhaps, is in cultivation. F. odoratissima is a very orna- 

 mental, sweet-scented, stove, evergreen shrub, with flowers 

 about the size of those of Jasmine. It thrives in fibry 

 peat and loam, with the addition of a little silver sand 



[creeping).* fl. red, with a paler throat; corolla 

 e, crenated ; peduncles hardly longer than the leaves. 



