18 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



FLOWERING ASH. See Frazinns Ormis. 

 FLOWERING RUSH. See Butomus umbellatus. 

 FLOWER OF JOVE. See Agfrostemma flos- 

 Jovis. 



FLUEGGEA. See Ophiopog-oii. 

 FLUES. The system of fixing Flues for heating 

 purposes in glass structures is now become nearly 

 obsolete, the better and more effective mode of heating 

 by hot water being almost exclusively adopted. In the 

 earlier days of gardening, the use of Flues was general, 

 and even now many remain and continue to answer their 

 purpose exceedingly well, both for fruit and flower 

 cultivation. Flues may be constructed of bricks, and 

 covered with thick flat tiles or elates, placing a cross 

 piece of sheet iron under each joint ; or large pipes may 

 be employed with good results, if properly connected. 

 Fire bricks should be used near the furnace, and the 

 Flue proceed from here round the front part of the 

 house first, returning at the back, or terminating in a 

 chimney at the end, according to the amount of heat 

 required. Corners should be turned by a curve, to allow 

 the heated air and gases to pass more freely, and con- 

 sequently prevent cracking of the joints. The whole of 

 the heat transmitted to the house must pass through 

 the material used in the construction of the Flue ; and 

 all holes or cracks should be kept stopped, to prevent 

 the escape of smoke and injurious gases. It is very 

 important that Flues be kept cleaned out, as a coat of 

 soot prevents the absorption and free passage of heat, 

 and is also an obstruction to the draught. The furnace 

 is best near one end of the house. It should be placed 

 about 2ft. below any part of the Flue, and a gradual 

 ascent allowed the latter until the chimney is reached. 



FLUGGEA (named in honour of John Flugge, a 

 German cryptogamic botanist). OBD. Euphorbiaceoe. A 

 genus comprising several species of much-branched smooth 

 shrubs, found in most tropical countries of the Eastern 

 hemisphere. Flowers green, minute, and disposed in 

 fascicles or cymes in the axils of the leaves. Berry 

 about the size of a pea, or smaller. Leaves entire, 

 obovate or ovate. In all probability, the species here 

 described is the only one yet introduced. It succeeds 

 in a rich mould and in a moist stove. Propagated by 

 cuttings. 



F. leucopyrus (white-fruited), fl. apetalous. Berries white, 

 edible. 1 alternate, orbicular, ovate, entire, smooth ; spines 2in. 

 to 3in. long, very strong and numerous, whitish. East Indies, 

 1825. 



FLY HONEYSUCKLE. See Lonicera Xylos- 

 teum. 



FLY ORCHIS. See Ophrys muscifera. 

 FCENICULUM (the old Latin name). OBD. Umbelli- 

 ferce. A genus containing three or four species of hardy 

 biennial or perennial, often tall herbs. Flowers yellow, 

 in compound umbels, without involucres; petals entire, 

 inflected at the top, but not pointed. Fruit oval. Leaves 

 pinnate, decompound, finely dissected. For culture, see 

 Fennel. 



F. dulce (sweet).* This is considered by some authorities to be 

 but a variety of F. vulgare. It differs, however, hi the plant 

 being smaller ; in the stem being compresssd, not round, at the 

 base; in the smaller number of rays to the umbel, Ac. It is 

 cultivated in this country as a pot herb. Biennial. 

 F. officlnale (officinal). A synonym of F. vulgare. 

 F. vulgare (common).* Common Fennel, fl. yellow, in rather 

 large umbels. Late summer and autumn. I. three or four times 

 pinnate, with very narrow, linear or subulate segments. Stems 

 erect, branched. South Europe ; occurring in many parts of 

 Britain. Perennial. SYN. F. offieinale. (Sy. En. B. 601.) 



FCETIDIA (from foetidus, stinking ; in allusion to the 

 smell of the wood). OBD. Myrtacece. A .genus con- 

 taining three species (perhaps these are merely varieties 

 of one) of glabrous trees, having a tough, bitter bark. 

 Peduncles axillary, solitary, one-flowered. Leaves al- 

 ternate, elliptic or oblong, entire, penninerved. F. mau- 



Foatidia continued. 



ritiana is an ornamental greenhouse evergreen tree, 

 allied to Gustavia (which see for culture). 

 F. mauritiana (Mauritius). /. solitary; peduncles in the axils 

 of the upper leaves ; petals wanting ; tube of calyx tetragonal 

 and hemispherical ; lobes valvate in {estivation, permanent, at 

 length reflexed. I. alternate, crowded on the branches, sessile, 

 oval, entire, obtuse, h. 15ft. to 20ft. Mauritius, 1827. 



FOLIACEOUS. Having the form of leaves. 



FOLIOLATE. When a leaf is divided into leaflets, 

 it is called One, Two, Three, Ten, or 

 Twelve-foliolate, according to the number 

 of leaflets. 



FOLIOLE. A leaflet; the secondary 

 divisions of a compound leaf. 



FOLLICLE. A kind of fruit consist- 

 ing of a single carpel, dehiscing by the 

 ventral suture only. See Fig. 20. 



FONTANESIA (named in honour of 

 M. Kene" Louiche Desfontaines, 1750-1833, FIG. 20- F L- 

 author of "Flora Atlantica," and several U Sl5* Lp 

 other works). OBD. Oleacece. An orna- 

 mental, hardy sub-evergreen shrub, resembling the com- 

 mon Privet, but with rough bark, and graceful, slender, 

 drooping branches. It thrives in ordinary soil. In- 

 creased by layers; by cuttings, planted under a hand 

 glass, in autumn; or by grafting on the Privet. In all 

 probability, the two plants here described are but forms 

 of one species. 



FIG. 21. FLOWERING BRANCH OF FONTANESIA FORTUNEI. 



F. Fortune! (Fortune's), fl. creamy-yellow, in axillary and ter- 

 minal panicles. I. lanceolate, entire, long-acuminated, glossy 

 green above, paler beneath. China. See Fig. 21. (R. H. 1869, 43.) 



F. phlllyrseoides (Phillyrea-like). /. creamy-yellow, in axillary 

 racemes. August. I. lanceolate, acute at both ends. h. 10ft. to 

 14ft. Syria, 1787. This species has the habit of Phillyrea media. 

 (L, B. C. 1303.) 



