AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



23 



FRANKENIA (named after John Frankenius, 1590- 

 1661, Professor of Botany at Upsal, who first enumerated 

 the plants of Sweden, in " Speculum Botanicon," 1638). 

 Sea Heath. Including Beatsonia and Hypericopsis. OBD. 

 Frankeniacece. SmaU, prostrate, Heath-like, hardy or half- 

 hardy evergreen plants, with the flowers usually rising 

 from the forks of the branches, or disposed in terminal 

 cymes. Several of the species are pretty subjects for 

 rockwork, or in borders of dry, light, sandy soil. In- 

 creased by divisions. 



F. capitata Nothrla (headed Nothria). fl. pale red, terminal, 

 aggregate ; petals toothed. June to August t. clustered, linear, 

 glabrous, with involute margins, ciliated at the base. Stems 

 prostrate, glabrous. Cape of Good Hope, 1816. Hardy. 

 F. corymbosa (corymbose). A synonym of F. Webbii. 

 F. laevis (smooth).* fl. flesh-coloured, rising from the forks of the 

 stem, terminal or axillary, solitary. July. I. clustered, linear, 

 glabrous, with revolute margins, ciliated at the base. Stems 

 prostrate, rooting. This native species is one of the prettiest. 

 (Sy. En. B. 190.) 



F. pauciflora (few-flowered). fl. pink, closely sessile in the last 

 forks, forming a more or less dense terminal leafy cyme, and 

 sometimes unilaterally arranged along its branches. July. I. 

 opposite, or the upper ones in whorls of four, oblong-linear, 

 obtuse, or rarely almost acute; margins usually revolute. 

 Branches ascending, dichotomous, erect or divaricate, nearly 

 glabrous, with short down. h. 1ft. Australia, 1824. Half-hardy; 

 shrubby, procumbent. SYN. F. scabra. (B. M. 2896.) 

 F. portulacifolia (Purslane-leaved), fl. red. I. roundish, 

 fleshy, glabrous. Stem shrubby, bushy, h. 6in. St. Helena 

 Half-hardy. SYN. Beatsonia portulacifolia. 



FIG. 33. FLOWERING BRANCH OF FRANKENIA PULVERULENTA. 



F. pulverulenta (powdery).* fl. red, solitary ; petals sub-repand. 

 July. I. roundish - ovate, powdery beneath, h. 3in South 

 Europe. Hardy. See Fig. 33. (S. F. G. 344.) 



F. scabra (rough). A synonym of F . pauciflora. 



F. Webbii (Webb's), fl. rose-coloured, in terminal corymbs. 

 June and July. I. clustered, linear, with revolute margins, gla- 

 brous, somewhat ciliated at the base. Stems velvety, erect. 

 h. 6in. South-west Europe, &c., 1823. Hardy. SYN. F. corym- 

 bosa. 



FRANXENIACE.2E. A small order of herbs or 

 sub-shrubs, containing one genus, Frankenia. The species 

 number about twelve, and are widely dispersed over the 

 sea-coasts of nearly all the temperate and warmer regions 

 of the globe. They possess no properties of importance. 



FRASERA (named after John Eraser, 1750-1811, a 

 collector of North American plants). ORD. Gentianece. 

 A genus of about seven species of North-west American 

 hardy perennial herbs. Flowers axillary, stalked ; corolla 

 wheel-shaped, four-cleft. Leaves opposite or verticillate. 

 They thrive in a moist situation, and may be increased by 

 seeds, or by divisions. 

 F. carolinensis (Carolina). A synonym of F. Walteri. 



Frasera continued. 



I. /. yellowish, verticillate, on short, one- 

 ily. I. opposite and sub-verticillate, oblong, 

 tetragonal, h. 3ft. to 6ft Carolina, 1795. 



F. Walteri (Walter's), fl. yellowish, 

 flowered pedicels. July. - 

 Stems and branches 

 SYN. F. carolinensis. 



FRAXIXE.2E. A tribe of Oleacece. 

 FRAXINELLA. See Dictamnus albus. 

 FRAXINUS (the old Latin name of the tree). Ash. 

 Including Ornus. OBD. Oleaceas. Large, ornamental, 

 hardy deciduous trees, with lateral racemes of greenish- 

 yellow or whitish flowers, and opposite, unequally pinnate, 

 rarely simple leaves. They flourish in moderately good soil, 

 in sheltered situations. Propagation is effected chiefly by 

 seeds, the varieties being increased by grafting. The 

 seeds of the common Ash ripen in October, and should 

 be gathered and laid in an open pit, constructed in a 

 place where the soil is light and porous. Two bushels 

 of sand should be mixed with each bushel of seed, and 

 the whole put into this pit till the February following, 

 during which time it must be turned over several times, 

 to prevent heating. The seeds should be sown in beds, 

 in good friable soil, a sandy loam being the best for the 

 purpose. After remaining two years in the seed bed, 

 the plants may be removed, and placed, at a distance 

 of 6in. from each other, in rows l^ft. apart. These 

 should stand two years longer, when they will be fit for 

 permanently planting out during any mild weather in 

 autumn or early spring. Exclusive of the many varieties, 

 the present genus is comprised of about thirty described 

 species. About ten of these are natives of North America. 

 F. acuminata (taper-pointed). A synonym of F. americana. 

 F. alba (white). A synonym of F. americana. 

 F. americana (American).* White Ash. fl. white, disposed in 

 terminal panicles. April and May. Samaras narrow, obtuse, 

 mucronate. I. with two to four pairs of ovate or ovate-acumi- 

 nated, shining, serrated leaflets, 3m. to 5m. long, and 2in. broad. 

 Branches brownish-grey, h. 30ft. to 40ft. East United States, 

 1723. SYNS. F. acuminata, F. alba, F. Curtisii, F. epiptera, and 

 F. juglandifolia (of Lamark). The variety latifolia has broader 

 leaves than the type. 

 F. angustifolia (narrow-leaved). A synonym of F. excelsior 



australis. 



F. argentea (silvery). A synonym of F. Ornus. 

 F. caroliniana (Carolina). A synonym of F. platycarpa. 

 F. concolor (one-coloured). A synonym of F. viridis. 

 F. Curtisii (Curtis's). A synonym of F. americana. 

 F. epiptera (wing-topped). A synonym of F. americana. 

 F. excelsior (taller).* Common Ash. fl. greenish-yellow, naked, 

 produced in small crowded axillary panicles. March and April. 

 Samaras linear-oblong, notched at the tip. l. t leaflets in five 

 or six pairs, almost sessile, lanceolate-oblong, acuminate, ser- 

 rated, cuneated at the base. h. 30ft to 80ft Europe (Britain). 

 (B. M. PI. 171.) Of the numerous varieties of this tine tree, the 

 following is a pretty extensive and comprehensive list As a rule, 

 the name indicates the general distinctive character of each sort : 

 aucubcefolia, aurea, aurea pendula, aurea pendula stricta, coarc- 

 tata, erispa, heterophylla, heterophylla variegata, horizontalis, art/. 

 acanthi/alia, pendula, pendula foliis variegatis, scolopendrtfolia, 

 simplicijolia (=monophylla), simplicifolia laciniata, spectabilis, 

 viridii, and Wentworthi pendula. 



F. e. australis (Southern), fl. greenish-white, naked. May. 

 Samaras in three or four pairs, liin. to 2in. long, lanceolate. 

 I., leaflets sessile, lanceolate, remotely denticulated ; peduncles 

 below the leaves, solitary, 2in. long. Branchlets green, dotted 

 with white, h. 30ft. to 50ft. South-west Europe and North 

 Africa, 1815. SYN. F. angustifolia. 



F. floribunda (bundle-flowered), fl. white, in compound, thyrsoid, 

 terminal panicles. April. Samaras linear or narrow-spathulate, 

 obtuse, and entire. I., leaflets elliptic-oblong, acuminated, ser- 

 rated, glabrous, stalked. A. 30ft. to 40ft. Nepaul, 1822. SYN. 

 Ornus floribunda. (B. F. F. 37.) 



F. juglandifolia (Walnut-leaved). A synonym of F. viridit. 

 F. juglandifolia (Walnut-leaved), of Lamark. A synonym of 



F. americana. 

 F. lentiscifolia (Lentiscus-leaved). A synonym of F. oxyphylla 



parvtfolia. 



F. longicuspis (long-pointed). I. with two or three pairs of 

 lanceolate, very acuminate leaflets. Japan, 1869. 



F. Mariesii (Maries'). /. white, in numerous erect strict panicles 

 from the uppermost axils. /. 4iu. to 6in. long ; petiole and rachis 



