78 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Gnidia continued. 



very often approaching to oblong or elliptical, sessile, rather 

 obtuse at the point, five-nerved, hairy, h. 3ft. to 4ft. Cape of 

 Good Hope. (B. R. 2761.) 



GOAT MOTH (Cossus ligniperda). The Goat Moth 

 produces not only one of the largest of known European 

 caterpillars, but also one of the most destructive to timber 

 and fruit trees. The perfect insect measures from 2fin. 

 to Sin. from point to point of its fore wings, which are 

 of an ashy-brown colour, shaded with dark brown, espe- 

 cially across the middle, and marked with many irregular 

 transverse streaks, in the form of network. The hind 

 wings are brown, the reticulation being marked with 

 somewhat obscure lines ; hence, the insect is difficult to 

 detect while at rest, with folded wings, upon the stems of 

 trees during the day. The female has a powerful ovi- 

 positor for the purpose of securing her eggs in crevices 

 of the bark. As soon as the larvae are hatched, they 

 commence to eat away the bark next them, and, as 

 growth proceeds, make their way towards the heart of 



FIG. 122. LARVA OF GOAT MOTH. 



the tree. The caterpillar (see Fig. 122) when fully grown, 

 measures 4in. long, and is as thick as a man's finger. 

 It exudes a liquid of a powerful and foetid odour, some- 

 what resembling the unpleasant effluvium exhaled by the 

 he-goat, whence the English name. The body is smooth, 

 and bears short, scattered hairs ; it is dark red on the back, 

 with spiracles, or breathing apertures, of the same colour 

 along the sides; the sides and under surface of the body 

 are flesh-coloured, and the head is black. The jaws are 

 very powerful, and capable of cutting the hardest wood. 

 When two years old, the caterpillar changes to light yel- 

 low, surrounds itself with a strong cocoon, made of chips 

 of wood, and assumes the pupa state generally in spring, 

 the perfect insect appearing in June or July. 



Remedies. The remedies suggested are: Coating the 

 trees with a mixture of cow-dung and clay, to prevent 

 egg-laying; injecting paraffin or sulphur fumes into the 

 holes ; and felling the trees, splitting up, and destroying 

 the caterpillars when badly infested. 



GOAT'S BEARD. See Spirasa Aruncus and 

 Tragopogon. 



GOAT'S POOT. See Ozalis caprina. 



GOAT'S RUE. See Galega. 



GODETIA. Included under (Enothera (which see). 



GODOT A (named in honour of E. Godoy, a Spanish 

 statesman, 1764-1839 commonly called Prince of the 

 Peace, on account of his having concluded a peace 

 between France and Spain a patron of botany). OED. 

 Ochnacea. A genus comprising two species of stove 

 trees, natives of Peru and New Grenada. Flowers yellow 

 or white, disposed in terminal and axillary racemes or 



Godoy a continued. 



panicles ; calyx twin-formed. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, 

 thick, simple, marked with numerous transverse veins. 

 Godoyas delight in a compost of peat and loam. Propa- 

 gated by cuttings, inserted in sand, under a, glass, in a 

 strong bottom heat. 



G. geminiflora (bud-flowered). /. yellow ; racemes axillary or 

 terminal, compound, elongated. June. I. oblong, bluntish, ob- 

 soletely serrulated, h. 20ft. Brazil, 1820. An elegant species. 

 G. splendida (splendid). fl. pure white, fragrant, ten to fifteen 

 on a spike_. I. pinnate, large, h. 10ft. Columbia, 1869. A com- 

 pact-growing plant. 



GODWINIA GIGAS. See Dracoiitium gigas. 



GOETHEA (named in honour of J. W. Goethe, the 

 celebrated German poet, 1749-1832, who was also an 

 excellent botanist). ORD. Malvacece. A genus com- 

 prising about four species of stove evergreen shrubs, 

 natives of Brazil. Flowers showy, nodding ; peduncles 

 axillary, one-flowered. Leaves entirely or remotely den- 

 tate. For culture, see Favonia. 

 G. Makoyana (Makoy's).* /. with a five-leaved epicalyx of large, 



cordate, ovate-acute, crimson bracts ; borne in terminal clusters. 



I. shortly-stalked, elliptic, dull green, with two leafy lanceolate 



stipules, h. 2ft. 1878. (B. M. 6427.) 

 G. multiflora (many-flowered).* fl. with an epicalyx of numerous 



linear pink or red bracts. September. I. lanceolate, serrate. 



SYN. Pavonia Wioti. (B. M. 6398.) 

 G. semperflorens (ever-flowering), fl. purplish, with a white 



disk, usually terminal ; involucre brown. L elliptical, serrated 



at the apex. h. 30ft. 

 G. Strictiflora (upright-flowered), fl. aggregated, axillary ; bracts 



yellowish-white, tinged with red. August. I. ovate, large. 



A. lift. 1852. (B. M.4677.) 



GOLD CUP. See Ranunculus bulbosus. 



GOLDEN CHAIN. See Laburnum vulgare. 



GOLDEN PEATHER. See Pyrethrum. 



GOLDEN HAIR. A common name of Chrysocoma 

 Coma-aurea (which see). 



GOLDEN ROD. See Solidago Virgaurea. 



GOLDEN SAXIFRAGE. See Chrysosplenium. 



GOLDEN THISTLE. See Scolymus luspanicus. 



GOLD PERN. See Gymnogramme. 



GOLDFUSSIA. This genus is included, by the 

 authors of the " Genera Plantarum," under Strobilan- 

 thus (which see). 



GOLD KNOTS. See Ranunculus acris. 



GOLD THREAD. A name given to the slender 

 yellow roots of Coptis trifolia, an inhabitant of Canada 

 and Siberia, where they are largely employed for dyeing 

 skins and wool. 



GOLDYLOCKS, or GOLDILOCKS. A common 

 name for Chrysocoma. See also Helichrysum Stoechas. 



GOMFHIA (from gomphos, a club; in reference to 

 the shape of the fruit). Button Flower. OBD. Ochnacece. 

 A genus comprising about eighty species of stove ever- 

 green trees or shrubs, of which the majority are natives 

 of South America, a few from Africa, and a very few 

 from Asia. Flowers yellow, in terminal racemes or 

 panicles ; sepals five, coloured, imbricated ; petals five, 

 generally clawed. Leaves alternate, persistent, simple, 

 coriaceous, shining, serrate. Gomphias thrive with similar 

 treatment to that usually given to hard-wooded stove 

 shrubs. A compost of two parts fibrous loam and the 

 remainder of peat, with a small quantity of silver sand, 

 suits them best. Propagated by cuttings of rather firm 

 young shoots, inserted in sand, under a bell glass, in 

 heat. The undermentioned are probably the only species 

 now in cultivation. 



G. decorans (adorned). A synonym of G. olivcBformis. 

 G. olivseformis (Olive-formed).* fl. rich bright yellow, densely 

 produced in large terminal branching racemes. May. I. shining 

 dark green, alternate, broadly - lanceolate, 6in. long; margins 

 serrulate, h. 10ft. to 15ft. Brazil, 1868. SYN. 6. decorans. 

 (B. M. 5262.) 



