THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Grafting Wax continued. 



proportions by melting all together in an iron pot over 

 the fire, and afterwards allowing the composition to 

 cool. Burgundy pitch and various other substances are 

 sometimes used in compositions. An excellent prepara- 

 tion that may be purchased in tin boxes, and applied 

 cold, is the French cold Grafting Wax, sold tinder the 

 name of Mastic 1'homme Lefort. This may be spread 

 on the graft with a flat piece of wood, and it hardens 

 by exposure to the air. Cold mastics are not so well 

 suited for autumn grafting outside as warm ones, the 

 frost sometimes having an injurious effect on the grafts 

 through a soft substance. Grafting Wax may be applied 

 to large as well as small plants, if desired. 



GRAINS OF PARADISE. See Amomnm 

 Granum Faradisi and A. Melegneta. 



GRAM, or CHICK FEA (Cicer arietinum). An 

 annual herb, extensively cultivated in India for its 

 seed, which, when ground, forms an important article 

 of food. 



GRAMINEJE. A large order of annuals or peren- 

 nials, usually herbaceous, csespitose, rarely suffrutescent or 

 arborescent. Flowers rarely diclinous monoecious, or dice- 

 cious, sometimes polygamous ; spikelets in terminal spikes, 

 racemes or panicles, usually composed of two flowers 

 (empty), glumes inclosing or subtending one or more, 

 sessile or stalked, normally flower-bearing (but sometimes 

 also empty) glumes, which are distichously arranged on a 

 slender rachis (rachilla) ; flowering glumes boat-shaped, 

 inclosing the flower and a flat, often two-nerved, scale 

 (palea) ; perianth of two (rarely none, or three or more) 

 minute scales; stamens three (rarely one, two, six, or 

 more), with capillary filaments and two-celled pendulous 

 anthers. Leaves alternate, distichous, springing from 

 the nodes ; petiole dilated, convolute, sheathing the 

 stem; margins free, or very rarely more or less united; 

 blade entire, usually narrow-linear, sometimes oblong or 

 oval ; margins very often scabrid ; nerves parallel ; stipule 

 axillary, adnate by its dorsal face to the sheath, and pro- 

 duced as a membranous tongue (ligule). The order is 

 widely distributed over the world. " Gramineas contain 

 in their herbage, and especially in their seeds, nutritious 

 principles, which entitle them to the first rank among 

 plants useful to man, and which are of the greatest im- 

 portance in an economic and political point of view. The 

 Cerealia are : Wheat (Triticum sativum), Eye (Secale 

 cereale), Barley (Hordeum vulgare, distichum, Ac.), Oats 

 (Avena sativa), all cultivated by the Caucasian race in 

 the Northern and temperate regions. Eice (Oryza sativa) 

 and Millet (Panicum miliaceum) originated amongst the 

 Asiatic races. The Sugar-cane (Saccharum officinarwn) 

 is, in all probability, a native of tropical Asia; it has 

 been cultivated from very ancient times in the East 

 Indies. A considerable number of Grammes are medi- 

 cinal, viz., Triticum repens, glaucum, junceum, Cynodon 

 Dactylon, Andropogon bicornig, Arundo Donax, Calama- 

 grostis, &c." (Decaisne and Le Maout). This order like- 

 wise furnishes numerous ornamental garden plants, some 

 of the most striking of which are Arundinaria falcata, 

 Metake, Arundo Donax (the Provence Cane), Arundo 

 mauritanica, Bambusa arundinacea, Gynerium argen- 

 teum, Panicum plicatum, Phalaris arundinacea, &c. 



GRAMMANGIS (from gramma, writing; probably 



in allusion to the markings of the flowers). OBD. Orchidece. 



A genus comprising two species of stove epiphytal 



orchids, one of which is from Madagascar, the other 



from Java (?). Flowers showy, on long pedicels ; racemes 



loose, many-flowered ; bracts small ; scape simple. Leaves 



few, long, coriaceous, veined. Pseudo-bulbs oblong or 



fusiform, fleshy. For culture, see Saccolabium. 



G. Ellisii (Ellis's). fl. numerous ; sepals yellow, with several 



transverse brown stripes ; petals and lip whitish ; spikes very 



graceful, bent over, produced from the base of the pseudo-bulbs 



along with the young growths. Summer. J. broad, ligulate, 



Grammangis continued. 



blunt, glaucous. Pseudo-bulbs about 6in. long, square. Mada- 

 gascar. (B. M. 5179, under name of Grammatophyllum EUisii.) 

 G. Huttonl (Mutton's).* fl. shortly pedicellate, liin. in diameter; 

 racemes ten-flowered, pendulous ; sepals recurved, obovate, acu- 

 minate, pale brown externally, internally studded with transverse, 

 small, short, chocolate streaks ; petals smaller, but similar in 

 form and direction, dark chocolate inside ; lip sub-sessile, lateral 

 lobes obtuse, greenish, striped with chocolate ; scape from the 

 base of the pseudo-bulbs, stout. June. I. narrow-oblong, obtuse, 

 very coriaceous, nerveless, dark green. Pseudo-bulbs elongate- 

 ovoid, with straight sides, compressed, grooved, green. Java, 

 1867. (B. M. 5676, under name of Cymbidium Huttoni.) 



IANTHES (from gramma, writing, and 

 anthos, a flower ; in consequence of the petals having 

 some supposed resemblance to the letter V marked on 

 them ; hence its synonymous name of Vauanthes). STN. 

 Vauanthes. OBD. Crassulacece. A very pretty half- 

 hardy annual. It thrives in a peaty or light sandy 

 soil, and forms an excellent subject for rockwork. Seeds 

 should be sown in a warm greenhouse, during March, and 

 the seedlings transferred when large enough. Plenty 

 of air, and care in watering, are important features in 

 the culture of this plant. 



G. chloraeflora (yellow-flowered).* fl. at first orange-yellow, 

 finally more red, with a deep V-shaped mark at the base of each 

 corolla lobe ; corolla tube equalling the calyx or longer ; axillary 

 and terminal lobes ovate or lanceolate, acute. July. I. sessile, 

 ovate, acute, succulent, concave, h. 4in. to 5in. South Africa, 

 1774. A glaucous herb. (B. M. 4607.) 



G. O. CWSia (greyish). This only differs from the type in its 

 smaller, less brightly coloured flowers, and more glaucous leaves. 

 (B. M. 6401.) 



GRAMMATOCARFUS (from grammata, letters, and 

 karpos, fruit ; in reference to the markings of the fruit). 

 STN. Scyphanthus. OBD. Loasece. A monotypic genus, 

 the species being a half-hardy, twining, pubescent, annual 

 herb, allied to Loasa (which see for culture). 

 G. volubilis (twining).* fl. yellow, axillary, sessile ; calyx tube 

 linear-elongate ; lobes five, spreading, linear-spathulate ; petals 

 five, saccate. Summer. I. opposite, bi- or tripinnatisect. Chili. 

 (B. M. 5028; S. B. F. G. 238.) 



GBAMMATOFHYLLUM (from grammata, letters, 

 and phyllon, a leaf ; in reference to the markings on the 

 leaves). OBD. Orchidece. A genus of three or four 

 species of rather large-growing, handsome stove epiphytal 

 orchids, usually very shy of flowering. All are natives 

 of the Malayan Peninsula and Archipelago. Grammato- 

 phyllums should be cultivated in large pots, filled with 

 peat. Good drainage and a liberal supply of water, when 

 the plants are in a growing state, are essential elements 

 in their culture. After a few strong growths have been 

 made, the plants should be allowed a season of rest. 

 Propagated by divisions of the pseudo-bulbs. The under- 

 mentioned are the only species in general cultivation, 

 and these are still very rare. 



G. multiflorum (many-flowered).* /. green, brown, purple; 

 racemes long, many-flowered ; bracts oblong, scale-formed ; sepals 

 oblong, obtuse ; petals similar, acute, narrower ; lip three-lobed, 

 downy ; middle lobe oblong, rounded ; lateral ones erect, sub- 

 falcate, with four elevated lamellae in middle. Summer. I. linear, 

 distichous, striated, h. 2ft. Manilla, 1838. (B. B. 1839, 65.) 

 G. m. tigrinum (tiger-spotted), fl. yellow, spotted with purple. 

 Summer, h. 2ft. East Indies, 1840. (B. R. 1842, 69.) 



. speciosum (showy).* /. nearly 6in. across ; sepals and petals 

 undulated, ovate-oblong, rich golden-yellow, spotted with purple ; 

 lip three-lobed, streaked with re ' 

 growing from the base of the 

 lorate, acute, lift, to 2ft. long, 

 high. Java, 1837. One of the m 



high 



(B. M. 5157.) 



stem. Winter. I. distichous, 

 Stems sometimes 9ft. to 10ft. 

 f the most elegant plants in cultivation. 



GRAMMITIS. See Gymnogramme and Foly- 

 podium. 



GRANADILLA. A name given in the West Indies 

 to the fruits of different species of the genus Fassiflora 

 (which see). 



GRANULAR. Divided into little knobs or knots ; 

 e.g., the roots of Saxifraga granulata. 



GRAFE. The well-known fruit of the Vine, Vitis 

 viiiifera (which see). 



GRAFE HYACINTH. See Muscari. 



