102 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Gummosis, or Gumming continued, 

 arise from many causes ; but how do the sporea which are 

 undeveloped in the viscid gum gain access to them ? 

 That they cannot be blown there by the wind, is obvious. 

 If the Gumming occurs upon the upper branches, of course 

 they may be washed down by the rain ; but how do they 

 spread from tree to tree ? Obviously, they must be carried 

 most probably by insects" (Plowright). The best 

 remedy against this disease would, therefore, appear to be 

 the destruction, by burning, of the infested parts, and 

 carefully coating the cut surfaces with some 

 preservative solution. A resum,6 of Dr. Beije- 

 rinck's observations and experiments is given 

 in the " Gardeners' Chronicle," n. s., xxii., pp. 

 239, 410. Fruit-trees affected by Gumming 

 are : Cherries, Peaches, and Plums. Its effects 

 on Peach-trees are most to be dreaded, neither 

 of the others being so much injured as these. 

 In slight cases, the bark should be frequently 

 well washed in damp weather, with a brush 

 and water; but, where the disease pervades 

 the tree to a considerable extent, it is diffi- 

 cult to effect a cure. Gumming occurs most 

 frequently, and is greatly encouraged, where 

 the soil has been too richly manured, and 

 growth is consequently over-luxuriant. The 

 necessity of removing large branches at pruning 

 time should also be specially avoided by judi- 

 cious summer stopping of the young shoots, 

 in order to divide the sap, and insure an 

 equal medium growth throughout. Lifting 

 and root-pruning, or planting in a poorer soil, 

 might be adopted to check Gumming, where an 

 undue growth is encouraging it. 



GUM SENEGAL. See Acacia Senegal. 



GUM-TREE. See Eucalyptus. 



GUNDELIA (named after Andrew Gundelsheimer, a 

 German botanist, who accompanied Tournefort in his 

 journey into the Levant, in 1709). SYN. Gundelsheimera. 



Gundelia continued. 



OKD. Composites. A monotypic genus, the species being 

 a hardy, lactescent, thistle-like perennial. It thrives 

 in a sandy-peat soil, and is propagated by division. 



G. Tournefortii (Tournefort's). Jl.-heads purplish, large, in 

 terminal clusters. June to August. I. alternate, sessile, pin- 

 natifld ; lobes and teeth very spiny, h. IJft. Eastern Asia, 1739. 

 See Fig. 156. 



GUNNERA (named in honour of J. E. Gunner, 1718- 

 1773, a Swedish bishop and botanist). OED. Haloragecs. 



FIG. 156. GUNDELIA TOURNEFOHTII. 



FIG. 157. GUNNERA SCABRA. 



A genus containing about eleven species of hardy herba- 

 ceous perennials, scattered over the Australian, Malayan, 

 New Zealand, Pacific, and South American Islands ; also 

 found in South Africa, and in the Andes as 

 far north as the Gulf of Mexico. Flowers 

 greenish, minute, in dense spikes or branched 

 panicles. Leaves all radical, large, petiolate, 

 ovate or cordate-rotundate, simple or lobed, 

 crenate, coriaceous-carnose, often wrinkled. 

 Some of the species form noble plants for 

 sub-tropical gardening, and grow vigorously in 

 a damp, sunny situation, if sheltered from 

 winds. A slight protection, such as a cover- 

 ing of dry leaves, is advisable in severe weather. 

 Propagated by division. 



G. manlcata (sheathed). I. 12ft. to 20ft. in circum- 

 ference, borne upon stout footstalks from 4ft. to 

 6ft. high. 1867. A majestic plant, from the cold and 

 freezing regions, known in Southern Brazil under 

 the name of Campos des Lages. (I. H. 1824, 128.) 



G. perpensa (well-considered), fl. green. August. 

 I. renifonn, toothed, shorter than the scape in fruit. 

 h. IJft. Cape of Good Hope, 1688. (B. M. 2376.) 



G. scabra (rough).* fl. reddish, small, very numerous, 

 disposed on a large club-shaped spike. I. broad, 

 4ft. to 5ft. in diameter, borne upon stout prickly 

 petioles 3ft. to 6ft. in length, h. 4ft. Chili, 1849. 

 A fine plant for large lawns or parks. See Fig. 157. 

 (F. d. S. 1879.) 



GUNNERACE.2E. A synonym of Ha- 



loragece. 



GUNNIA. Included under Sarcochihis 

 (which see). 



GUSTAVIA (named after Gustavus III., 

 King of Sweden, and a patron of Linnaeus). 

 SYN. Pirigara. ORD. Myrtacecs. A genus con- 

 sisting of about eleven species of stove ever- 

 green trees or shrubs, natives of tropical 

 America. Flowers showy ; peduncles one- 



