AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



ill 



Hamamelis continued. 



before the leaves of the previous summer drop off, and 

 continue on the bush throughout the winter ; after the 

 petals drop off, in spring, the persistent calyces remain 

 on till the leaves reappear in April or May. 

 H. arborea (tree-like).* JL, petals clear rich primrose-yellow; 

 calyces deep claret. Winter. Japan, 1862. This plant differs 

 from the American species in forming a small tree, 15ft. to 20ft. 

 high, and in its larger and finer flowers. (G. C. n. a., i., 187 ; 

 B. M. 6659, under name of H. japoniea.) 



H. japoniea (Japanese), fl. lemon-yellow. A form with paler 

 flowers, and of much dwarfer habit than H. arborea. H. Zuc- 

 cariniana is an allied form, with pale petals and a greenish-brown 

 calyx. 



H. virginica (Virginian).* /. yellow, disposed in axillary clusters. 

 October to February. I. obovate, acutely toothed, alternate, on 

 short petioles. North America, 1736. Shrub. The seeds of this 

 plant contain a quantity of oil, and are edible ; the bark and 

 leaves are astringent. (B. M. 6684.) 



HAMATO-SERRATE. Serratures having a some- 

 what hooked form. 



HAMELIA (named after Henry Louis du Hamel du 

 Monceau, 1700-1782, a celebrated French author). OED. 

 Rubiacece. A genus containing six or eight species of 

 handsome, ornamental, free-flowering evergreen stove 

 shrubs, natives of tropical and sub-tropical America. 

 Flowers yellow, reddish or scarlet, in di- or trichotomous 

 cymes, sessile or shortly pedicellate ; bracts minute. 

 Leaves opposite or three to four nate, verticillate, petio- 

 late, membranaceous, ovate oblong, and acute at both 

 ends. Hamelias succeed best in a compost of sandy peat 

 and fibrous loam. Nearly ripened cuttings will root 

 during the early part of summer, inserted in sand, under 

 glass, with bottom heat. The two species here described 

 are those usually sean in stoves. 



H. patens (spreading), fl. almost scarlet ; cymes di-trichotomous, 

 disposed in a terminal pedunculate umbel. Summer. I. three -in 

 a whorl, oval-oblong, pubescent, h. 5ft. to 10ft. South America, 

 1752. (B. M. 2553.) 



H. ventricosa (swollen), fl. yellow, almost lin. long, campanu- 

 late, ventricose, on long pedicels ; racemes terminal. September. 

 I. three in a whorl, glabrous, oval-oblong, h. 8ft. South 

 America, 1778. (B. M. 1894 ; B. R. 1195.) 



HAMILTONIA (named after William Hamilton, an 

 eminent American botanist). STN. Spermadictyon. OKD. 

 Rubiacece. A genus comprising three or four species 

 of ornamental stove evergreen shrubs, natives of tropical 

 and sub-tropical India, China, and the Indian Archipelago. 

 Flowers white or blue, fascicled or umbellate; corolla 

 funnel-shaped. Leaves opposite, ovate -lanceolate, shortly 

 petioled. A loam and peat compost is most suited to 

 Hamiltonias. Half-ripened cutting* root freely in sand, 

 under a glass, with a moist bottom heat. 

 H. scabra (rough). /!. azure-blue, deliciously fragrant ; inflo- 

 rescence densely villous. November to March, i. ovate-lanceolate, 

 short-acuminated, scabrous on both surfaces, h. 4ft. to 6ft. 

 Nepaul, 1823. SYN. Spermadictyon azureum. (B. R. 1235.) 

 H. spectabilis (showy), fl. lilac-blue, in large, much-branched 

 panicles, agreeably scented. Winter. I. ovate-lanceolate, green 

 and smooth above, paler and rough beneath, h. 4ft. to 6ft. 

 (R. H. 1872, 191.) 



H. suaveolens (sweet-smelling). /. pure white, sessile, in ter- 

 minal corymb-formed heads, very fragrant. October. I. broad- 

 lanceolate, Sin. to 6in. long. h. 4ft. to 6ft. India to China, 1818. 

 (B. R. 348.) 



HAMMER, GARDEN. Hammers are principally 

 used in gardening for nailing wall trees. The head 

 should be rather short, and quite flat at the end used for 



FIG. 168. GARDEN HAMMER. 



driving nails. The other end should be shaped like a claw, 

 and turned back sufficiently to serve as a fulcrum for 

 drawing out nails that are useless or misplaced. See 

 Fig. 168. 



HAMULOSE. Covered with little hooks. 

 HANCORNIA (a commemorative name). ORD. Apocy- 



nacece. A monotypic genus. The species is a small, loosely 



or pendulously branched tree, from Brazil. For culture, 



see Tabernsemontana. 



H. speciosa (showy), fl. sweet-scented, resembling those of 

 Jasmine ; cymes terminal, few-flowered, shortly pedunculate. 

 J'r. yellow, marked with red spots, about the size of a plum, 

 edible. I. opposite, small, oblong, sharp at the base, and rounded, 

 but shortly pointed at the apex, penniveined. h. 20ft. The tree 

 yields a milky juice, which, when exposed to the air, hardens 

 into a kind of caoutchouc. 



HAND BARROW. 



Barrow. 



HAND GLASSES. These are very useful as tem- 

 porary coverings for plants that are too tender for being 

 fully exposed. They are also utilised in propagating various 

 subjects, as the top part may be readily removed and easy 

 access thus secured for attending to whatever is inside. 

 Various shapes are made, the bases being generally square, 

 hexagonal, or octagonal. The first-named is the most con- 



FIG. 169. HAND GLASS. 



venient shape (see Fig. 169), and if the framework is con- 

 structed with copper or cast iron and kept painted, it lasts 

 a long time, and answers well. Air may be admitted by 

 tilting up the movable top, or the latter may be taken off 

 and replaced at will. Hand Glasses, when employed for 

 propagating purposes, should be glazed airtight, by having 

 the glass fitted into the framework without laps. 



HAND-PLANT. See Clieirostemon. 



HAND- WEEDING. The necessity of Hand-weeding 

 is now obviated, in a considerable degree, by the general 

 insertion of seeds in lines, and the occasional passing of 

 the hoe between them. This only misses a few weeds by 

 the sides of plants that may readily be removed when 

 thinning takes place ; whereas, tinder the old system of 

 sowing broadcast, whole seed beds of any description had 

 to be Hand-weeded, to prevent the proper plants from 

 becoming smothered. Hand-weeding gravel walks should 

 be practised after a storm, if there are any weeds about, 

 as they may then be easily pulled up and destroyed. 



HANGING. A term applied to plants or cuttings 

 when only partially inserted in holes, previously made by 

 a dibber, the ends not being placed in contact with the 

 earth at the base. It is very important that Hanging 

 should be avoided, especially with cuttings ; failure to emit 

 roots, under such conditions, being almost a certainty. 



HAPLOPAPPUS (from haploos, simple, and pappos, 

 down ; in reference to the absence of the outer pappus). 

 STN. Aplopappus. OKD. Composite. A genus contain- 

 ing sixty species of perennial herbs or sub-shrubs, 

 natives of North America, from California to Texas and 

 Mexico, Chili and Patagonia. Flower-heads yellow, large 

 or medium ; pappus often reddish, rarely white ; achenes 

 glabrous or silky-villous. Leaves alternate, entire, or 

 rigidly ciliate-dentate, rarely pinnatifid. H. spinulosus, 

 perhaps the only species yet in cultivation, is a very 

 ornamental sub-shrub, of easy culture in ordinary garden 

 soil. It may be increased by divisions, or by seeds. 



