112 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



, .- 



e across. August. I. hoary, deeply pinnately cut into 

 ar segments. A. 6in. to 18in. Rocky Mountains, 1874. 



Haplopappns continued, 



H. spinulosus (spiny), fl.-heads bright golden yellow, lin. or 

 more 

 linea 

 (B. M. 



HAPLOPHYLLUM. Now included tinder Ruta 



(which see). 



HARDENBERGIA (named in honour of the Countess 

 of Hardenberg, sister to Baron Huegel, the celebrated 

 traveller). OBD. Leguminosce. A small genus (three 

 species have been described) of greenhouse, glabrous, 

 twining herbs or under-shrubs, limited to Australia. 

 Flowers violet, white, or pinkish, with a yellowish or 

 greenish spot on the standard; in axillary racemes. 

 Leaves of one, three, or five entire stipelate leaflets. 

 The species succeed in a compost of two parts peat 

 and one loam, with the addition of a little sand and 

 charcoal, to keep the soil open. Propagated by seeds, 

 or by cuttings, made of firm young side shoots in 

 April, inserted under a bell glass, and placed in a 

 warm frame or pit, without bottom heat. Hardenbergias 

 are well adapted for planting out, and training up 

 rafters in a greenhouse, where there is a little shade in 

 summer, and a temperature of 40deg. to 45deg. in 

 winter. 



H. Comptoniana (Compton's). fl. closely resembling those of 

 H. monophylla in size, colour, and structure ; in pairs or clusters 

 of three or four along the racemes. March. /., leaflets three or 

 five, varying from ovate to linear-lanceolate, rather obtuse. 

 rounded or truncate at the base. 1803. SYNS. H. dinitata 

 (B. R. 1840, t. 60), H. Huegelii, H. Lindleyi, H. Makoyana, 

 Glyeine Comptoniana (A. B. R. 602; B. R. 298), Kennedya 

 macrophylla (B. R. 1862). 



H. cordata (heart-shaped). A synonym of 77. monophylla. 



H. digltata (digitate). A synonym of 77. Comptoniana. 



H. Hnegelii (Huegel's). A synonym of H. Comptoniana. 



H. Lindleyi (Lindley's). A synonym of H. Comptoniana. 



H. Makoyana (Makoy's). A synonym of H. Comptoniana. 



H. monophylla (one-leaved).* ft. purple, usually numerous, in 

 pairs or rarely three together, the upper racemes often forming 

 a terminal panicle. April. I., leaflets always solitary, usually 

 ovate or lanceolate, more or less cordate or rounded at the base, 



often coriaceous and strongly reticulate, but varying from broadly 

 rrow-lanceolate. 1790. SYNS. H. cordata, 



cordate-ovate to narrc 



H. ovata, Glyeine bimaeulata (B. M. 263), Kennedya cordata 

 (B. R. 944), K. loncjiracemosa (L. B. C. 1940), K. monophylla 

 (B. R. 1336 ; L. B. C. 758), K. ovata (B. M. 2169). 

 H. ovata (ovate). A synonym of H. monophylla. 



HARDENINCt-OFF. This refers to the process of 

 gradually inuring plants to a cooler temperature, after they 

 have been subjected to heat, either for the encouragement 

 of growth, for propagating purposes, or for forcing. It is 

 most largely practised in spring, with bedding and other 

 plants, that are to be cultivated throughout the summer in 

 the open air. To avoid sudden checks to tender foliage or 

 flowers, it is important that Hardening-off should be 

 conducted by gradual steps. 



HARD FERN. See Lomaria Spicant. 

 HARDWICKIA (named after General Hardwicke, 

 once of the East Indian Company). ORD. Leguminosce. 

 A genus containing three species of stove evergreen 

 trees. Flowers small, racemose; racemes slender, pani- 

 culate. Leaves abruptly pinnate, one to three-jugate, 

 coriaceous. Hardwickias thrive in a rich sandy loam. 

 Eipened cuttings will root in sand, in a brisk heat. 

 H. blnata (twin-leaved), fl. yellow, in axillary and terminal 

 panicles. I. with one pair of leaflets ; leaflets opposite, obliquely 

 ovate, semi-cordate, h. 100ft. India, 1818. This species yields 

 an excellent timber. (B. F. S. 26.) 



H. pinnata (pinnate), fl. dirty yellow. L, leaflets alternate, 

 ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, one-nerved in the middle, the ulti- 

 mate one almost terminal, h. 40ft. to 50ft. India 1818. (B. F. S 

 255.) 



HARDY PLANTS. Although this title may refer 

 to all plants sufficiently hardy to withstand the winters 

 of our variable climate unprotected, it more particularly 

 applies to those which are herbaceous and of various 

 heights, and to others of dwarf dimensions introduced 



Hardy Plants continued. 



from alpine regions. They may, in either case, be of 

 annual, biennial, or perennial duration. A collection of 

 Hardy Plants should form part of the occupants of every 

 garden. The treatment of many of the most popular 

 and useful is of the easiest description, provided due 

 preparation be made in the first place, and ordinary atten- 

 tion bestowed afterwards in keeping the borders cleaned 

 and the cultivated plants properly tied up, to protect 

 them from rough winds. A large number of species of 

 this class of plants are of botanical interest only ; but, 

 apart from these, a numerous selection, unsurpassed in 

 beauty and usefulness when in flower, may be obtained for 

 garden embellishment. Some are well adapted for massing 

 in large or small beds, according to the several habits of 

 plants so employed; the majority, however, most suitable 

 for cultivation in private gardens may be better arranged 

 in mixed borders, reserving the dwarf and more delicate 

 kinds for special culture, if possible, on rockwork. A 

 general display at any particular season is not usually the 

 rule with Hardy Plants of a varied description, if we except 

 that made by Narcissi and numerous other bulbs in spring. 

 The flowering period of a mixed collection extends, with 

 one or another genus, nearly throughout the year ; spring 

 and autumn being the seasons when most are represented 

 their requirements being more fully met by a somewhat 

 cooler temperature and moister atmosphere than those 

 experienced in summer. Various select perennials, grown 

 in quantity, afford an invaluable supply of cut blossoms, 

 especially in early autumn, when there is a scarcity, under 

 glass, of flowers adapted for cutting. Their culture is a 

 matter of great importance for this purpose alone. A large 

 number of Hardy Plants, particularly the bulbous section, 

 flower very early in spring, and these are additionally at- 

 tractive on that account. We are indebted to the latter, 

 and to a selection of hardy annuals and perennials, for fur- 

 nishing flower beds in spring, and making them interesting, 

 long before it is possible to plant the summer occupants. 

 Spring gardening deserves considerably more attention 

 than it at present receives ; at least, in localities where the 

 climate is favourable, and where there is room in the 

 reserve ground for the preparation of plants. Some few 

 gardens have a space specially set apart for hardy spring 

 flowers, in which the latter are kept all the summer, and 

 invariably succeed much better for not being much dis- 

 turbed. Hardy bulbs, planted permanently, may be left 

 alone with advantage, in such positions; and annual or 

 perennial plants can be renewed as becomes necessary. 

 A number of plants for spring gardening may be pro- 

 pagated annually from seed, or by division of old plants, 

 in autumn, according to the different habits, or period 

 of duration, belonging to each. Hardy spring-flowering 

 subjects, such as Myosotis, Primroses, Polyanthus, Silenes, 

 and Wallflowers, in variety, should be sown during the 

 middle or latter part of summer, and be prepared, in the 

 open ground, for placing out permanently in autumn. 

 Dwarf perennials secured in quantity for associating 

 with these, are : Alyssum saxatile, Arabis albida and its 

 variegated variety, Aubrietias, Daisies, and dwarf species 

 of Phlox. All these latter may be divided, and the stock 

 largely increased, if desired, after flowering is over, or, 

 better still, in August, on account of dry, hot weather. 

 In geometrical summer flower gardening, perennials can 

 scarcely be appropriately introduced ; but, where bedding 

 is of a mixed description, suitable positions may fre- 

 quently be found for whole beds or masses of such plants 

 as Anemone japonica alba, some of the dwarf species of 

 Aster, Border Carnations, tall-growing Lobelias, Pent- 

 stemons, Phloxes, Pyrethrums, &c. These are all attractive 

 in their flowering seasons, and materially reduce the supply 

 of more tender subjects, by filling the space in their stead. 

 The majority of Hardy Plants may be readily raised from 

 seeds, which may be sown in pots, and placed in a frame 

 with a very slight heat, from the month of February 

 throughout the summer ; or they may be sown outside, 



