THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



HARTSTONGUE. See Scolopendrium. 



HARTWEGTA (named after Theodor. Hartweg, once 

 a botanical collector for the Horticultural Society). OBD. 

 Orchideoe. A genus containing about a couple of species 

 of curious little stove epiphytal orchids, closely allied to 

 Epidendrum. For culture, see Odontoglosstun. 

 EL gemma (twin). /. brilliant amethystine-purple. I. thick, 



semi-terete, channelled, acute, blotched with blackish violet 



Central America (?), 1878. 

 H. purpurea (purple), fl. purple ; perianth spreading ; lateral 



sepals drawn out at the base, adnate to the lip ; lip connate with 



the column, ovate. August, h. 1ft. Mexico and Guatemala, 



1837. (Ref. B. 94.) 



HARTWORT. See Tordylium. 



HASSAQAY OB ASSAGAY TREE. See Cur- 

 tisia faginea. 



FIG. 170. HASTATE LEAF. 



HASTATE. Formed like the head of a halbert. A 

 Hastate Leaf is shown at Fig. 170. 



HASTINGTA. A synonym of Holmskioldia (which 

 see). 



HATCHET CACTUS. See Felecyphora. 



HATCHET VETCH. See Securidaca Coronilla. 



HAULM. A term often applied to the stems of such 

 plants as Beans, Peas, Potatoes, &c. 



HAUTBOIS, or HAUTBOY. See Pragaria 

 elatior. 



HAW. The fruit of the Hawthorn, Cratcegus Oxy- 

 acantha. 



HAWKBIT. See Leontodon. 



HAWK MOTHS. See Sphingidse. 



HAWKSBEARD. See Crepis. 



HAWKWEED. See Hieracinm. 



HAWORTHIA (named after A. H. Haworth, a dis- 

 tinguished authority on succulent plants, died 1833). OBD. 

 Liliace<B. A genus of about sixty species of small, curious- 

 looking and very interesting greenhouse succulent Aloe- 

 like plants, all with the exception of a single species 

 from Angola natives of Southern Africa. Flowers 

 small; peduncle naked, simple or branched, loosely race- 

 mose; bracts small, persistent. Eosette leaves never 

 pedunculate, short, broad, thick, fleshy. For culture, 

 &c., see Aloe. 

 H. albicans (whitish). JL about *in. long ; racemes nearly 1ft. ; 



peduncles strong, 1ft., often branched. I. about thirty, dense 



deltoid-lanceolate, 2iin. to Sin. long, 1m. to liin. broad face 



slightly concave; back round, distinctly keeled. 1795. (B. M.'l452, 



under name of Aloe albicans.) 



H. arachnoides (cobweb-like), fl. about iin. long ; raceme loose, 

 about 1ft. ; peduncles simple, nearly or quite 1ft I. thirty to 

 forty, oblong-lanceolate, Ijin. to 2in. long, scarcely more than 

 Jin. broad, pale glaucous-green; back round, one or two-keeled. 

 1727. (B. M. 756, under name of Aloe araehnoidet.) 



H. atrovirens (dark-green), f. about Jin. long; raceme loose, 

 few-flowered ; peduncle simple, slender, about 1ft. I. thirty to 

 forty, dense, oblong-lanceolate, iin. long, about half as much 

 broad, dark green ; face swollen ; margin armed with small teeth. 

 1823. (B. M. 1361, under name of Aloe arachnoides pumila.) 



EL attenuate .(attenuated), fl. Jin. long; raceme loose, 6in.; pe- 

 duncles less than 1ft, simple or branched. /. thirty to forty 

 deltoid-lanceolate, acuminate, 2iin. to 3in. long ; face flat back 

 swollen. Previous to 1790. (B? M. 1345, under ntme of ' Ato 

 Radula.) 



EL cymbiformis (boat-formed). /. Jin. long; raceme loose, 6in. 

 long ; peduncles simple, under 1ft. I. twenty to twenty -five, obo- 

 vate, acute, Iin. to liin. long, Jin. broad, pale green ; face slightly 

 concave ; back keeled upwards. 1795. (B. M. 802.) 



H. tasciata (banded), fl. Jin. long; raceme loose, 6in. long -pe- 

 duncles nearly 1ft., simple or branched. 1. forty to sixty dense 

 ascending, deltoid-lanceolate, Ijin. long, iin. wide ; face glaucous' 

 green, spotted; back swollen. 1816. 



H. marwarltiferaCpearl-bearing). fl. iin. long ; raceme 6in. long ; 

 peduncles 1ft or more in length, branched. I. thirty to forty 

 dense, ascending, lanceolate-deltoid, 2in. to Sin. long, about Iin 

 broad at base ; face swollen; back round, keeled above; both 



Haworthia continued. 



sides endowed with irregular series of large pearly tubercles. 

 1739. SYN. Aloe margaritifera. 



EL m. granata (grained) is a smaller-growing form, with 

 somewhat different tubercles. (B. M. 1360, under name of Aloe 

 margaritifera minima.) 



EL Reinwardtii (Reinwardt's). fl. about iin. long ; raceme loose, 

 few-flowered, 6in. long ; peduncles simple, 6in. long. I. ascend- 

 ing, ovate-lanceolate, Iin. to liin. long, iin. broad ; face swollen, 

 shining ; back round ; apex obscurely keeled. 1820. 



EL retusa (retuse). fl. gin. long ; raceme loose, 6in. ; peduncles 

 simple, less than 1ft. long. I. ten to fifteen, patent, oblong, acute, 

 Iin. to liin. long, Jin. broad ; face swollen, bright green ; apex 

 cuspidate. 1720. (B. M. 455, under name of Aloe retusa.) 



EL rigida (rigid), fl. about Jin. long ; raceme loose, 6in. ; peduncle 

 6in. to 12in., simple or branched. I. ovate-lanceolate, brownish-red, 

 Iin. to liin. long, about iin. broad ; face concave ; back round, 

 with minute tubercles. 1795. (L. B. C. 1430, under name of Aloe 

 expansa.) 



EL tortuosa (twisted), fl. slightly over iin. long ; raceme loose, 

 sub-secund, 6in. to 9in. long ; peduncle simple or forked. I. spirally 

 arranged, ovate-lanceolate, all ascending, liin. to 2in. long, Jin. 

 broad, dark green ; face hollowed out ; back swollen ; apex sub- 

 pungent 1794. (B. M. 1337, under name of Aloe rigida.) 



H. viscosa-(clammy). fl. Jin. long ; raceme loose, 6in. to 9in. long, 

 few-flowered ; peduncles simple, slender, 6in. long. I. ascending, 

 imbricate, ovate, acute, dark green, Iin. to IJin. long, iin. broad ; 

 face profoundly hollowed out ; back swollen. 1727. (B. M. 814, 

 under name of Aloe viscosa.) 



HAWTHORN. See Cratagns Oxyacantha. 



HAWTHORN CATERPILLARS. The Hawthorn, 

 or Whitethorn, is attacked by the Caterpillars of numerous 

 species of insects, considerably over 100 having been 

 recorded as feeding on it ; but, among these, only a few 

 do sufficient damage to require a detailed account of 

 their ravages. They belong to various groups of insects, 

 and most of them are hurtful to several other plants ; 

 hence, in this place, references will be given to other 

 headings for some of the insects named. Several belong 

 to the Lepidoptera, or butterflies and moths ; others to 

 the Tenthredinidaz, or sawflies. The more injurious 

 Lepidoptera are as follows: Aporia Crat&gi (Black- 

 veined White Butterfly), an insect not unlike a large 

 Cabbage White Butterfly, but with the wing-veins black, 

 and the wings almost semi-transparent and unspotted. 

 The caterpillars, while young, live together in a web spun 

 over the leaves and branches ; but, when full-grown, they 

 separate and live singly. They are then bluish-grey, with 

 black head, legs, anal lobes, and spiracles, and three 

 bands on the back, alternating with two yellow-brown 

 bands. The pupae are fixed to the branches. These 

 insects, in some parts of England, are common enough 

 to do harm. Liparis chrysorrhea (Brown-tail Moth) and 

 L. auriflua (Gold-tail Moth) are thick-bodied moths, 

 about liin. in spread of wing, white, with a coloured 

 tuft of hair in the tail; and in L. auriflua there are 

 dark spots on the front wings. The eggs are laid on the 

 branches, and are covered with the coloured hairs of the 

 tuft. The larvae live in slender webs among the leaves; 

 they are hairy, with tufts of coloured hairs on tubercles 

 on certain segments. L. auriflua, in particular, is often 

 common and destructive (see Liparis). Looper Cater- 

 pillars (see Hyberaia and Winter Moth). Hypono- 

 meuta padella (Small Ermine Moth), and one or two 

 other species of the same genus, though small moths, 

 are often so numerous as to do great injury to trees and 

 shrubs. Fig. 171 will sufficiently indicate the appear- 

 ance of the insect, and of the web spun by the larvae 

 for protection. The varieties of moths in the genus are 

 much alike, their front wings being white or grey, with 

 numerous small black dots; the lower wings are darker, 

 and uniform. H. padella is scarcely Iin. in breadth 

 of wings ; the others are slightly larger. The females 

 deposit their eggs on branches, in autumn, covering 

 them with a gummy substance, to protect them. The 

 larvae emerge in spring, and, for a time, feed between 

 the surfaces of the leaves. Afterwards, they eat the 

 epiderm also; and subsequently spin a web in common 

 around new leaves, on which they then feed in safety. 



