AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



149 



Hollyhock continued. 



fine ; QUEEN OF WHITES, white, large flower, and fine spike ; 

 QUEEN OF YELLOWS, golden-yellow, large spike, extra ; SCARLET 

 GEM, bright scarlet; SULTAN, purple, large flower; W. BACK- 

 HOUSE, bright rose ; W. THOMSON, purple, large flower and fine 

 spike. 



HOLLYHOCK FUNGUS (Puccinia Malvacearum). 

 This fungus is met with on several species of the order 

 Malvacece, but is particularly hurtful to the Hollyhock. It 

 forms on the lower (seldom on the upper) surface of the 

 leaves small raised spots, at first red-brown, but becoming 

 darker. On the other side of the leaf, the spot is indicated 

 by a discoloured mark. If the attack is severe, the leaves 

 are destroyed, and the plants perish. On microscopic 

 examination, the raised spots are found to be made up 

 of spores of a Puccinia supported on very long hyaline 

 pedicels. These spores are at first covered by the epiderm, 

 but are exposed by bursting through it. This fungus is 

 known only in the Puccinia form ; and the spores have 

 been found to germinate almost as soon as mature. The 

 rapid germination explains, probably, the wide and speedy 

 diffusion of the fungus in Europe, in the years 1873 

 and 1874. It is believed to be a native of Chili, from 

 which country the types of the species were obtained 

 by Montagno. In Europe, it was first observed as dan- 

 gerous to Hollyhocks in 1873; though specimens were 

 found in Spain as early as 1869. In the former year, it 

 appeared, almost simultaneously, in France and in various 

 places in England ; and, in the autumn, in Germany also. 

 Next year, it spread through Germany, Holland, Hungary, 

 and parts of Italy. For a time, it proved most destruc- 

 tive to Hollyhocks ; but, as has occurred with other 

 parasitic fungi, its virulence has greatly abated in later 

 years. The best means of treatment is to destroy all 

 leaves as soon as they show signs of being attacked, 

 and to prevent the growth of the other food-plants of 

 the fungus in the neighbourhood of Hollyhocks. 



HOLLY-LEAF FLY (Phytomyza Ilicis). Holly 

 leaves are very often disfigured by irregular pale blotches 

 on the upper surface. These are spaces mined in the 

 green cellular tissue, and are the work of the larvae of 

 the Holly-leaf Fly. Usually, two or three larvae are to 

 be found in a leaf, each in its own mine. They are 

 under a line in length, yellowish-white, with black 

 mouth. The small, oval, brown-ringed pupae may be 

 found in the mine, covered by the lower epiderm of 

 the leaf; and there they remain all winter, disclosing 

 the flies in early summer of the next year. The fly 

 is rather under one line long, black, with proboscis pale 

 yellow, except the black palpi and hairs ; knees and base 

 of tibiae paler ; wings transparent, much longer than 

 abdomen. The most successful way to destroy the 

 insects seems to be the removal and burning of the 

 mined leaves; but this is hardly necessary, except in 

 very select varieties of the plants, since the mines do 

 not appear to cause much injury, unless very numerous. 



HOLLY, SEA. See Eryngium maritimum. 



HOLM OAK. See Quercus Ilex. 



HOLMSKIOLDIA (named after Theodor Holms- 

 kiold, 1732-1794, a Danish botanist). STN. Hastingia. 

 OBD. VerbenacecB. This genus comprises three species of 

 glabrous or hoary pubescent shrubs. Flowers in shortly- 

 stalked, axillary cymes, or crowded at the tips of the 

 shoots. Leaves opposite, entire or dentate. H. sanguined, 

 the only species yet introduced, is a stove evergreen 

 shrub. It thrives in any light, rich soil. Cuttings root 

 readily in sandy soil, under glass, in heat. 



H. sangulnea (blood-coloured). /. scarlet, racemose, composed 

 of a few two to four-flowered whorls ; calyx large, sub-rotately 

 campanulate ; corolla with an elongated incurved tube. I. 

 petiolate, ovate, acuminated, hardly toothed, h. 4ft. India, 

 1796. (B. B. 692.) 

 HOLOGYMNE. Now included under Lasthenia 



(which see). 



HOLOSERICEOUS. Covered all over with silky 

 down. 



HOMALANTHUS (from liomalos, smooth, and 

 anthos, a flower). STN. Carumbium. OBD. Euphorbiacece. 

 A genus of seven or eight species of stove evergreen 

 shrubs, natives of the Malayan Archipelago, the Pacific 

 Islands, and Australia. Flowers unisexual, inconspicuous, 

 in terminal racemes. Leaves entire, long-stalked. For 

 culture, see stove species of Euphorbia. 

 H. fastuosus (proud), ft. greenish. I. peltate. Philippines, 



H. polyandrum (many-stamened). I. alternate, broadly-ovate, 

 clear glaucescent-green above, rich vinous-purple beneath. Lord 

 Howe's Island, 1876. A handsome, erect-growing shrubby plant, 

 with a glabrous terete stem. 



H. populifolia (Poplar-leaved), fl. white. August, h. 6ft. 

 Australia, 1825. (B. M. 2780, under name of Omalanthus populi- 

 folia.) 



HOMALIE2E. A tribe of Samydacetz. 



HOMALOMENA (from Jwmalos, flat, and neina. a 



filament ; alluding to the shape of the stamens). Including 



Ourmeria. STN. Homalonema. OBD. Aroidece (Araceae). 



A genus of about twenty species of very ornamental 



stove, herbaceous or shrubby, foliage plants, natives of 



Asia and tropical America. For culture, see Caladium. 



H. peltata (peltate), fl., spathe persistent 6in. to 7in. long, con 



stricted in the middle, acuminate at the apex, pinkish, spotte 



with greenish internally ; spadix about the length of the spathe, 



17in. wi 



tricted in the middle, acuminate at the apex, pinkish, spotted 

 ith greenish internally ; spadix about the length of the spathe, 

 cream-coloured. 1. about 24in. long by 16in. to 17in. wide, rather 

 deeply cordately two-lobed; lobes rounded, h. 3ft. 



Columbia, 1877. (G. C. 1877, 273.) 



H. picturata (painted), fl., spathe green; the spadix white. 

 I. cordate, two basal lobes rounded, ovate or oblong, pointed, 

 marked along the midrib with a narrow silvery-white band. 

 h. 4in. to 5in. Columbia, 1873. (B. G. 1877, 891.) 



H. Roezlii (Roezl's).* /., spathe olive-brown outside, creamy 

 within. I, on long petioles, ovate-oblong, rounded or slightly 

 tapering at the base, not cordate, sparsely spotted with a few 

 yellow blotches, h. 6in. Columbia, 1875. (G. C. 1874, 804, under 

 name of Curmeria Roezlii.) 



H. rubescens (reddish). A synonym of H. rubra. 



H. rubra (red), fl., spathe sub-cylindrical, convolute, reddish- 

 purple without, whitish within. I. sagittate-cordate, dark green ; 

 under surface purplish ; petiole deep red. h. 1ft. to 2ft. Java, 

 1870. SYN. H. rubescens. 



H. Wallisii (Wallis's).* fl., spathe about Sin. long, constricted in 

 the middle, reddish ; spadix red, nearly as long as the spathe. 

 I. shortly stalked, slightly oblique, ovate-oblong, rounded and 

 slightly tapering at the base, abruptly acuminate at the apex, 

 bordered with a white edge, sprinkled with bright golden blotches 

 on the upper surface. Columbia, 1877. SYN. Curmeria Wallisii. 

 (B. M. 6571.) 



H. Wendlandil (Wendland's). I. sagittate-cordate, about lift- 

 long and 1ft. broad, upper surface dark green, polished and paler 

 below ; petioles 2Jft. long, dark red at the base. Costa Rica. 



HOMALONEMA. A synonym of Homalomeua 



(which see). 



HOMERIA (from liomereo, to meet; the filaments 

 are connected in a tube around the style). OBD. Iridece. 

 A small genus of handsome greenhouse bulbs, allied to 

 Morcea, natives of South Africa. Flowers usually orange- 

 red, copper-coloured, or yellow, very showy, and enduring ; 

 scapes leafy, branching. Leaves linear-ensiform. For 

 culture, see Izia. 

 H. anrantiaca (golden). /. orange-red, yellow. Summer. I. 



narrow, radical, few, flstulose, sheathing. A. 1ft. 1810. SYN. 



JSobartia aurantiaca. (B. M. 1612, under name of Morcea collina 



miniata minor.) 



H. collina (hill), fl. reddish or yellow. Summer. I. narrow, con- 

 volute, concave ; in the flowering plant generally cauline. h. 1ft. 



1793. (B. M. 1033, under name of Morcea collina.) 

 H. elegans (elegant), fl. yellow and dull blue or orange-brown. 



1. broader than those of H. aurantiaca and H. collina. h. 1ft. 



1797. (B. M. 1283, under name of Morcea spicata). 

 H. lincata (lined-leaved), fl. red, yellow. Summer. I. with a 



white midrib, broadly linear, acute, somewhat leathery, h. 2ft. 



1825. (S. B. F. G. 178.) 



HOMOGAMOUS. When all the florets of a capi- 

 tulum, &c., are hermaphrodite. 



HOMOGENEOUS. Having a uniform nature or 

 composition. 



