168 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Hyospathe continued. 



spadices two or three, shortly pedunculate ; spathes two, 

 lower one compressed, two-keeled; npper one fusiform. 

 Leaves few, terminal, irregularly pinnatisect ; segments 

 broad. The species best known is H. elegans. For cul- 

 ture, see Bactris. 



H. elegans (elegant), /..spikes produced below the leaves, and 

 bear both male and female flowers, fr. violet, resembling an olive 

 in shape. I. 3ft. to 4ft. long, nearly entire when young, having 

 only a division at the point, but when full-grown they are more 

 or less divided, and become irregularly pinnate. Para. The 

 leaves of this plant are employed for thatching. 



HYPECOUM (from hypecoon, the old Greek name 

 used by Dioscorides). Including Chiazospermum. SYN. 

 Mnenwsilla. OKD. Papaveracece. A genus of four (or 

 perhaps five) species of glaucous hardy annual herbs, 

 natives of Southern Europe, Northern Africa, and tem- 

 perate Asia. Hypecoums thrive in any ordinary garden 

 Boil. Propagated by seeds, sown in the open border, in 

 spring, for summer flowering; or in autumn for early 

 spring flowering. The species best known to cultivation 

 is H. procumbens. 



H. procnmbens (procumbent), fl. bright yellow ; scapes several, 

 erect when in flower, but becoming procumbent when in fruit. 

 Spring and summer. Pods flat, falcate, taper-pointed. I. glaucous, 

 smooth ; radical ones several, petiolate, pinnately multipartite ; 

 leaflets bipinnatifld ; stem leaves with shorter footstalks and less 

 divided, h. 1ft. South Europe, 1596. (S. B. F. G. 217.) 



HYPER ANTHER A. A synonym of Moringa 

 (which see). 



HYPERICINE2E. An order of herbs, shrubs, 

 or rarely trees, comprising eight genera and 210 

 species, generally distributed over the world, both 

 in temperate and warm climates. Flowers usually 

 yellow or white, terminal, panicled or in dichotomous 

 cymes, rarely axillary; sepals five, rarely four, imbri- 

 cate; petals the same, hypogynous, imbricate, often 

 twisted. Leaves opposite or rarely whorled, simple, 

 penninerved, entire, or with glandular teeth, usually 

 sprinkled with pellucid glands sunk in the parenchyma, 

 and edged with vesicular black glands. Many of the 

 species yield a yellow juice and an essential oil; some 

 are purgative, others tonic and astringent. Illustrative 

 genera are : Ascyrum, Haronga, and Hypericum. 



HYPERICOPSIS. Included under Prankenia 

 (which see). 



HYPERICUM (the old Greek name, used by Dios- 

 corides). Including Androscemum, Elodea (of Spach), 

 Sarothra, and Tridia. OBD. Hypericinece. A genus com- 

 prising 160 species of greenhouse or hardy, evergreen or 

 deciduous herbs, shrubs, or sub-shrubs, broadly dispersed 

 over the whole world, but particularly abundant in Southern 

 Europe, Western Asia, and North America. Flowers 

 usually yellow, variously disposed, but rarely umbellate. 

 Leaves opposite, sessile or sub-sessile, usually full of pel- 

 lucid and black dots on their edges. All the species are 

 of simple culture in almost any ordinary garden soil, but 

 a sandy loam is generally preferable. A winter top- 

 dressing for the more ornamental perennial sorts will be 

 found of great advantage. Propagation may be quickly 

 effected by seeds, by cuttings, or by strong pieces of 

 the creeping-rooted species. Flowers yellow, and plants 

 deciduous, except where otherwise stated. 



H. regyptiacum (Egyptian). /. small, few, almost sessile. 

 June. I. glaucous, small, ovate, crowded, dotless. Stem round 

 h. 6in. to 18in. North Africa and Levant, 1787. Half-hardy ever- 

 green. (B. M. 6481.) 



H. Androssemum (Androssemum). Sweet Amber; Common 

 Tutsan. /. large, terminal, stalked. Summer. I. sessile, ovate 

 sub-cordate, minutely dotted, h. 3ft. Europe (Britain). Sub- 

 shrubby. See Fig. 260. 



H. Ascyron (Ascyron). St. Peter's Wort. fl. very large, 

 few. July. I. stem-clasping, lanceolate, acute, full of pellucid 

 dots. Stem tetragonal, simple, h. 3ft. Siberia, 1774. Hardy 

 perennial. 



H. balearlcum (Balearic).* /. large, few. March to September. 

 1. ovate, obtuse, rather stem-clasping. Stem quadrangular, 



Hypericum continued. 



warted. h. 1ft. to 2ft. Majorca, 1714. Greenhouse evergreen 

 shrub. (B. M. 137.) 



H. calycinnm (large-calyxed).* Aaron's Beard ; Rose of Sharon. 

 /. large, terminal, solitary. Summer. I. ovate, coriaceous, 

 broad, full of pellucid dots. Stem tetragonal, dwarf, h. 1ft. 

 South-east Europe (naturalised in Britain). One of the hand- 

 somest shrubs ; nearly evergreen. (B. M. 146.) 



H. Corls (Coris-leaved). ft. about Jin. across. May to September. 

 I. in whorls, linear, with revolute margins. Stem shrubby, erect, 

 round, h. 6in. to 24in. Levant, 1640. Half-hardy evergreen. 

 (B. M. 6563.) 



H. elatum (tall), fl. corymbose ; peduncles bibracteate. July. 

 1. ovate-oblong, acute, dilated at the base, somewhat emarginate, 

 with the margins rather revolute. Young stems reddish, h. 5ft. 

 North America, 1762. Hardy shrub. (Sy. En. B. 265.) 



H. elegans (elegant).* /. racemose. Summer. I. ovate-lanceo- 

 late, rather stem-claspms, bluntish, full of pellucid dots. Stem 

 erect, winged, full of black dots. h. 1ft. Siberia, 1817. An 

 elegant hardy perennial. 



H. elodes (marshy), fl. pale yellow, with green ribs, expanding 

 in the sun only ; panicle loose, few-flowered. Summer. I. 

 roundish-ovate, blunt, shaggy, tomentose, full of pellucid dots. 

 Stem villous, round, procumbent. West Europe (Britain), Azores. 

 A very pretty herbaceous plant for boggy places. (Sy. En. B. 

 276.) 



FIG. 260. HYPERICUM ANDROS^MUM, showing Habit and 

 detached Flower. 



H.empetrifolium(Empetrum-leaved).* fl., petals without glands. 

 Summer. I. linear, tern, with revolute margins. Stem suffru- 

 ticose, with slender, erect, four-angled branchlets. h. 6in. to 

 12in. South Europe, 1820. Half-hardy evergreen. (B. M. 6764.) 



H. hircinum (goat-scented). Goat-scented St. John's Wort. /. 

 large, few ; peduncles bibracteate ; styles very long. Summer. 

 I. somewhat emarginate at the base, dilated, sessile, ovate-lanceo- 

 late, with glandular margins. Branches winged, h. 2ft. to 4ft. 

 Mediterranean region, 1640. Hardy shrub. (Sy. En. B. 266.) 



H. Hookerlanum (Hooker's).* /. few, large. Summer. I. ellip- 

 tical-lanceolate, crowded, with the margins a little revolute, full 

 of fine pellucid dots. Stem round, shrubby, h. 2ft. Nepaul, 

 1523. Half-hardy evergreen. (B. M. 4949, under name of H. 

 oblonffifolium. ) 



H. japonicnm (Japanese). /. solitary, loosely panicled, small ; 

 peduncles solitary or tern. Spring. I. broad-ovate or oval, 

 mucronate, obtuse, with revolute edges, full of pellucid dots. 

 Stem weak, tetragonal, smooth, decumbent, h. 1ft. Japan, 1823. 

 Hardy perennial. 



H. Kalmianum (Kalm's). fl. three to seven in a terminal 



corymb. June. I. linear-lanceolate. Branches tetragonal. A. 



2ft. to 4ft. North America, 1759. Hardy shrub. 

 H. mimmularium (Moneywort-leaved). /. racemose. Summer. 



I. orbicular, stalked. Stem round, ascending. h. Sin. to 6in. 



Pyrenees, &c., 1823. Hardy perennial. 

 H. oblongifolium (oblong-leaved). A synonym of H. Hookeri- 



anum. 



