190 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Inula continued. 



naturalising in the wild garden. Increased readily by 



divisions, or by seeds. 



X. glandulosa (glandular).* fl.-heads yellow ; scales of involucre 

 lanceolate, villous. July and August. I. sessile, oblong, ob- 

 soletely serrated; the serratures glandular. Stem hairy, one- 

 headed, h. 2ft. Caucasus, 1804. See Fig. 316. (B. M. 1907 ; 

 B. R. 334.) 



I. Helenimn (Helenium). Elecampane, fl. -heads bright yellow, 

 large, solitary, terminal. Summer. I. ovate, serrate, rugose, 

 stem-clasping, downy beneath ; root ones stalked. Stem furrowed, 

 branched and downy above, h. 3ft. to 4ft Europe (Britain), 

 Siberia. A strong-growing perennial. Formerly used as an 

 aromatic and tonic ; the rootstock is still used in a candied state. 

 See Fig. 317. (B. M. PL 150.) 



I. Hooker! (Hooker's).* fl.-heads faintly sweet-scented, 2Jin. 

 to SJin. in diameter, shortly peduncled, terminating leafy 

 branches ; involucre broad, shaggy ; ray-florets numerous, with 

 slender pale yellow lignles, which are lin. or more long, 

 obtusely three-toothed at apex ; disk-florets numerous ; recep- 



tacle convex, papillose ; pappus hairs dirty -white. September. 

 1. bright green, 3m. to 4in. long, sessile, or narrowed into short 

 petioles, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, minutely toothed, hairy 



above, tomentose beneath. Stems sparingly branched, h. 1ft. 

 to 2ft. Sikkim Himalayas, 1849. (B. M. Mil.) 



Z. Oculus Christ! (Christ's eye). fl.-heads bright golden- 

 yellow, about 3Jin. across ; involucre very downy. Summer. 

 1 broadly lanceolate, obtuse, almost entire, or slightly toothed, 

 rather downy, h. lift, to 2ft Eastern Europe, &c., 1759. A 

 very ornamental perennial, with a neat habit (J. F. A. 223.) 

 INVOLUCEL. A small involucre. 

 IKVOLUCBABIA. Now included under Tricho- 



santh.es (which see). 



INVOLTJCRATE. Having an involucre. 

 INVOLUCRE, INVOLTJCRUM. A ring or rings 



of bracts which surround several flowers. The term is 



also used as synonymous with the Indusium of ferns. 

 INVOLUTE. Rolled inwards. 

 IOCHROMA (from ton, violet, and chroma, colour; 



colour of flowers). STN. Chcenesthea. OBD. Solanacece. 



A genus containing abont fifteen species of greenhouse 



trees or shrubs, inhabiting Western tropical America. 



Flowers violet, blue, white, yellowish, or scarlet; calyx 



tubular, somewhat distended; corolla tubular, much 



longer than the calyx, and concealing the stamens. 



Leaves entire, often ample, membranous. For culture, 



see Cestrnm. 



I. fuchsioides (Fuchsia-like).* fl. drooping, large, handsome ; 

 corolla orange-scarlet, thrice as long as the calyx ; tube elongated, 

 nearly straight ; peduncles shorter than the leaves, single- 

 flowered. Summer. I. often fascicled, obovate, inclining to oval 

 or oblong, very obtuse, entire, tapering at base into a short foot- 

 stalk, h. 5ft. Quitinian Andes, 1843. A glabrous unarmed 

 shrub. (B. M. 4149, under name of Lyciumfvcksioides.) 



I. grandiflorum (large-flowered), fl. rich purple, large ; cymes 

 simple, pedunculate, terminal, many-flowered, pendulous ; corolla 

 funnel-shaped ; tube long, pubescent ; throat sub-campanulate ; 

 limb large, flve-lobed ; lobes triangular, recurved. November. I. 

 broadly-ovate, acuminate, pubescent above, very pale and sub- 

 tomentose beneath. Branches terete, pubescent. Ecuador and 

 Peru, previous to 1860. A very handsome shrub. (B. M. 5301.) 



I. lanceolate (lanceolate).* /. drooping, in supra-axillary ter- 

 minal umbels ; calyx unequally five-toothed ; corolla rich deep 

 purplish-blue, 2in. long, cylindrical, glabrous, dilated at the 

 mouth into a short, five-toothed, spreading limb ; pedicels fili- 

 form, pendent ; stamens and style scarcely exserted. Summer. I. 

 alternate, rather large, oval or elliptic-lanceolate, membranous, 

 acute, entire, tapering below into a long jpetiole, glabrous with 

 age. A. 4ft to 5ft Andes of Chili, 1847. A beautiful shrub. 

 (B. M. 4338, under name of Chcenestes lanceolata.) 



X. tubnlosa (tubular-flowered), fl., corolla blue, showy, tubular, 

 with five short teeth. August. I. ovate, three or four times 

 shorter than the corolla, h, 6ft Tropical America, 1843. (B. B. 

 1845, 20.) 

 IONE (from lone, one of the Nereids). ORD. Orchidece. 



A genus containing three or four species, now referred to 



Bulbophyllum (which see for cultivation). 



I. paleacea (scaly).* fl. lin. long, drooping, in many-flowered, 

 erect spikes ; sepals pale green, red-striped ; petals pale yellow- 

 green, small, rounded, erose ; lip red-brown, trowel-shaped, as 

 long as the sepals, erose ; column short ; scape erect, stitf , 

 slender, longer than the leaf. October. I. dark green, 6in. to 

 Sin. long, lin. broad, linear, obtuse, narrowed into a deeply 

 channelled base, but hardly petioled. Pseudo-bulbs dark green, 

 lin. to lim. long, oyoid, smooth. A. 9in. Upper Assam, 1877. 



IONIDIUM (from Ion, a Violet, and eidos, re- 

 sembling; in allusion to the Violet-like flowers). STN. 

 Solea. ORD. Violariece. A genus comprising forty species 

 of herbs or sub-shrubs, natives, for the most part, 

 of sub-tropical America. Flowers solitary, having the 

 small unequal sepals running into the peduncle at base; 

 petals unequal, lower ones two or three times longer 

 than the rest, carinately-concave. Leaves alternate, or 

 rarely opposite. The roots of several of the species are 

 of economic value, being used as substitutes for Ipeca- 

 cuanha, lonidiums are rarely seen in cultivation. The 

 species described below require greenhouse treatment, 

 and a peat and loam compost. Cuttings of the shrubby 

 sorts will root in Band, under a bell glass. The herba- 

 ceous species may be increased by divisions, or by seeds. 



I. capense (Cape). JL white; sepals acute, ciliated. Summer. 

 I. alternate, obovate, obsoletely-toothed, pubescent. Stems 

 shrubby, erect h. 6in. to 12in. Cape of Good Hope, 1824. 



I. Ipecacuanha (Ipecacuanha), fl. white ; peduncles axillary, 

 solitary, drooping; lower lip very large, emarginate. July. 

 1. ovate-oblong, h. IJft. South America, 1822. The roots of this 

 species furnish what is termed White Ipecacuanha. 



I. polygalsefolium (Polygala-leaved). fl. greenish-yellow or 

 white ; sepals ovate-oblong, acute, pubescent. Summer. I. oppo- 

 site, lanceolate, rather entire. Stems shrubby, branched, diffuse, 

 procumbent, h. 1ft. South America, 1797. 



IONOPSIDIUM (from Ion, a Violet, andopsis, appear- 

 ance ; alluding to the resemblance to some of the tufted 

 dwarf-growing Violets). OBD. Cruciferce. A genus com- 

 prising two species of small hardy annual herbs, one from 

 Portugal, and the other a native of Sicily and Algeria. 

 Flowers violet, white, or flesh-coloured, small,' on long 

 peduncles ; sepals spreading, equal at the base ; pouch 

 broadly oblong, laterally compressed. Leaves sessile or 

 petiolate, spathulate or orbiculate, entire or three-lobed. 

 I. acaule, the species introduced to cultivation, has an 

 extremely neat habit, and rarely exceeds 2in. in height. 

 It thrives on rockwork, and makes an extremely pretty 

 pot plant for window gardening. Seeds may be sown 

 in the open preferably in pots any time during spring 

 and summer. This plant should have at all times a 

 shady situation. It often reproduces itself year after 

 year, by self-sowing. 



I. acaule (stemless).* fl. lilac, or white tinged with violet. Summer 

 and winter, h. 2in. to Sin. Portugal, 1845. (B. B. 1846, 51.) 



IONOPSIS (from Ion, a Violet, and opsis, like ; flowers 

 resemble a Violet in form). STNS. Cybelion and lantha. 

 OBD. Orchidece. A genus of very pretty little epiphytal 

 stemless Orchids, requiring a stove temperature, natives 

 of the West Indies and tropical America from Mexico 

 to ^Brazil. About ten species have been described, but 

 it is doubtful whether more than two or three are really 

 distinct. Flowers small, panicled; sepals and petals 

 connivent ; lip large, fan-shaped, two-lobed at the apex. 

 Leaves few, lanceolate. Pseudo-bulbs small. The only 

 species much seen in cultivation is I. paniculata. It is 

 a very difficult plant to grow, and is rarely brought to 

 perfection. It succeeds best on a block, with a little 

 live sphagnum around the roots, which require to be kept 

 moist nearly all the year round. Similar treatment will 

 answer for the other species. 



I. paniculate (panicled). fl. snow-white or delicate rose-colour, 

 scentless ; scape panicled, IJft. high ; petals obtuse ; lip pu- 

 bescent ; lip rotundate, bilobed, much longer than the sepals. 

 1. linear-lanceolate, keeled. Brazil, 1865. (B. M. 5541.) 



I. tenera (tender). A synonym of /. utricularioides. 



X. ntricularloldes (Utricularia-like). /. white, with a pink stain 

 at the base of the lip, racemose ; sepals and petals acute, sub- 

 equal ; lip pubescent ; limb bilobed, much longer than the sepals. 

 1. rigid, acute, furrowed, keeled at the base. Tropical America. 

 SYN. /. tenera. (B. R. 1904.) 



IOSTEFHANE (from ton, violet, and etephane, a 

 wreath; in allusion to the violet rays). ORD. Composite. 

 A genus consisting of only two species of scabrous- 

 pubescent herbs, natives of Mexico. I. heterophylla is 

 a very handsome hardy perennial, thriving in any sandy 

 soil. An inverted pot should be placed over the large 



