212 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Juniperns continued. 



J. chinensis (Chinese).* I. ternate or opposite, linear, flat, acute, 

 and spreading, or small, scale-like, and closely imbricated. China, 

 1804. A very handsome shrub or tree, of erect or elongated 

 pyramidal habit, with short branches and dimorphous foliage. 

 The female and male plants are distinct, both in habit and 

 aspect. The male is the more desirable, and is much more 

 generally grown ; it has numerous branches, the higher ones 

 ascending, or nearly erect, and all very much ramified. The 

 female plant has the branches longer, more distant, and more 

 spreading, than those of the male ; the small berries are of a 

 brownish-violet colour. (S. Z. F. J. ii. 126, 127.) The varieties of 

 this species are numerous. 



J. o. albo-variegata (white-variegated). A pretty form, differ- 

 ing from the male type in having the foliage interspersed with 

 silvery-white among the ordinary green growth, and in having 

 many of the terminal shoots pure white. Japan. 



J. c. aurea (golden). A very beautiful and distinct form, of 

 garden origin, differing from the type in being suffused with 

 bright gold, which it retains all the year round, and which is 

 heightened by full exposure to the sun. 



J. C. densata (dense). According to Messrs. R. Smith and Co., 

 this is a female form, and has somewhat the appearance of the 

 species, but the leaves are larger and more plentiful. The main 

 stem grows upright, and all the branchlets, which are very 

 numerous, are more or less pendulous. This variety forms a 

 dense pyramidal growth, and is very ornamental, ft. 10ft. to 20ft. 

 Himalayas. 



J. c. japonica (Japanese).* I. arranged in threes, close set, at 

 first acicular, but ultimately scale-like, distinctly marked with 

 two silvery glaucous lines above. Stem usually divided, hut 

 sometimes single, ft. 2ft. Japan and North China. A small and 

 compact-growing shrub, very desirable for rockwork. 



J. O. J. aurea (golden). A very loose-growing form, having the 

 growth of the current season tinged with golden-yellow, which 

 gradually changes to light green. Primary branches few, robust, 

 and comparatively long. 



FIG. 352. JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS HIBERNICA, showing Habit, 

 Fruiting Branchlet, and Young Female Cone. 



Two other forms, described by Smith, are : glauca (glaucous), 



a very distinct form, having the foliage of a glaucous or bluish tint ; 



and Leeana (Lee's), which has leaves about iin. long, and forms a 



densely-branched and vigorous-growing shrub. 



J. communis (common).* Common Juniper. I. subulate, rigid, 

 sharp-pointed, spreading, and opposite, or in threes, usually glau- 

 cous above and green below, ft. 3ft. to 20ft., varying according to 

 the elevation at which it is found. Northern hemisphere (Britain). 

 Well-grown specimens of this species, nicely furnished with 

 brancb.es, are most desirable plants. The wood is finely-veined, 

 of a yellowish-brown colour, and has an aromatic scent. The 

 varieties of it are, for the most part, well worth growing. The 

 following call for special mention : 



J. o. canadensis (Canadian). A dwarf spreading bush of inelegant 

 habit, seldom exceeding 3ft. in height. Northern United States, 

 Ac., 1820. 



J. o. compressa (compressed). A very compact-growing variety, 

 having a conical form, and slender, erect branches and branchlets, 

 which grow close together, ft. 1ft. to 3ft. This is one of the 

 smallest of Conifers ; the very diminutive size of the plant render- 

 ing it interesting. It is found on the Pyrenees at a great elevation. 



J. C. cracovia (Cracow). Polish Juniper. An erect, robust- 

 growing variety, well-clothed with leaves, and sometimes having 

 the terminal branchlets pendulous, ft. 12ft. to 15ft. Poland. 



J. O. fastigiata (pyramidal). Swedish Juniper. A more erect- 

 growing form than the type, and somewhat resembling the Irish 



Jtmiperus continued. 



Juniper, but more robust in growth, and with foliage more glau- 

 cous, and of a light green. In habit, it is either columnar or 

 angular, and is not usually considered very ornamental. SYN. 

 J. c. suecica. 



J. O. hemisphaarica (half globe-headed). I. short, rigid, needle- 

 shaped, in threes, glaucous. South Europe. A curious and 

 interesting little shrub, with a dense rounded habit. SYN. 

 J. echintformis. 



J. O. hibernica (Irish).* Irish Juniper. A well-known and desir- 

 able variety, with a somewhat columnar habit of growth, and a 

 peculiar silvery - glaucous appearance ; the branches are erect, 

 with numerous, rigid, close-set branchlets. It is the handsomest 

 of all the varieties of J. communis, and thrives best on cool clay 

 or peat soils. SYN. J. stricta. See Fig. 352. There is a form 

 with, prettily-variegated leaves. 



J. O. nana (dwarf). A pretty dwarf procumbent shrub, with short 

 branches and branchlets, covered with shorter, broader, imbri- 

 cated, incurved leaves, glaucous above and green beneath. Alpine 

 parts of Europe, Ac. SYN. J. nana. 



J. C. Oblonga (oblong - fruited). A procumbent shrub, with 

 slender branches and branchlets, clothed with long, attenuated 

 leaves, which are of a deeper and brighter colour than the type. 

 Caucasus. This variety rarely thrives well in England. It is 

 very distinct as regards the colour of its foliage, and it sometimes 

 takes an erect habit. SYN. J. oUonga. 



J. C. suecica (Swedish). A synonym of J. c. fastigiata. 



FIG. 353. FRUITING BRANCHLET OF JUNIPERUS DRUPACEA. 



J. drnpacea (drupe-fruited).* I. in threes, broader and stouter 

 than those of any other species, very sharp-pointed, and light 

 green. The fruits of this species are remarkable, both in size 

 and colour; they are of deep purple, covered with a glaucous 

 bloom, and are about the size of the common sloe. Branches 

 numerous, short, imparting a columnar or elongated conical form 

 to the tree. Trunk straight, erect, ft. 8ft. to 10ft. Northern 

 Syria, &c., 1854. This is a very handsome and distinct species, 

 and is particularly ornamental as a plant for lawns. See Fig. 353. 



J. dumosa (brambly). A synonym of J. recurva squamata. 



J. echiniformis (hedgehog-like). A synonym of J. communis 

 hemisphcerica. 



J. excelsa (tall).* 1. opposite or (rarely) in threes, thick, decur- 

 rent, loosely imbricated, having a greyish-green hue. Branches 

 short, much ramified, ft. 20ft. to 40ft. Asia Minor, 1806. A 

 compact-growing and very distinct ornamental tree, having a 

 pyramidal shape ; it is somewhat tender, but forms handsome 

 specimens in sheltered situations. The varieties are not nume- 

 rous. 



J. e. stricta (upright).* This variety differs from the type princi- 

 pally in having a more tapering outline and more glaucous 



