AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



213 



Juniperus continued. 



foliage. It is an extremely pretty species, of garden origin, 

 and well deserves cultivation. 



J. Fortune! (Fortune's). A synonym of J. sphcerica. 



J. fragrans (fragrant). A synonym of J. occidentalis. 



J. macrocarpa (large-fruited). A shrub of more open and 

 spreading habit than the common Juniper ; it has also longer 

 leaves, and, as its name implies, bears larger berries. It is 

 rarely other than an inelegant bush in British gardens. A. 10ft. 

 to 12ft. Mediterranean region. 



J. nana (dwarf). A synonym of J. communis nana. 



J. neoboriensis (Naumberg). I. short, rigid, very glaucous. A 

 very distinct species, with a pyramidal or faisligiate habit, and 

 short branches ; probably of garden origin. According to 

 Messrs. Veitch, the Juniper cultivated in British gardens under 

 this name is evidently a variety of J. communis. 



J. nepalensis (Nepaul). A synonym of J. recurva. 



J. oblonga (oblong). A synonym of J. communis oblonga. 



J. occidentalis (Western).* I. in whorls of three ; when young, 

 spreading, sharp-pointed, glaucous ; but when in an adult state, 

 short, blunt, imbricated, and closely appressed to the stern. 

 Berries small, deep purple, covered with a glaucous bloom. 

 h. 10ft. to 50ft. California. A conical, erect-growing species, 

 of a peculiar colour. When bruised, its branches emit a very 

 strong scent. It is a very handsome plant for lawns. SYN. 

 J. fragrans. 



J. o. Bnrkei (Burke's). A desirable variety, of neat, compact 

 habit, and of a more decided blue-glaucous tint than the type. 



FIG. 354. JUNIPERUS SABINA, showing Habit and detached 

 Portion of Branch. 



J. oxycedrus (sharp-Cedar). I. sharp, spreading, needle-like, in 

 whorls of three, h. 10ft. to 12ft. Spain, Portugal, &c., 1739. 

 A large, bushy, much-branched shrub, with slender pendulous 

 branches. This species may be distinguished from the common 

 Juniper by its somewhat broader and shorter leaves, with more 

 prominent white bands on the under side. In Great Britain, 

 owing to climacteric causes, it attains but small proportions, has 

 an inelegant habit, and is quite destitute of any ornamental 

 qualities. SYN. J, rufescens. 



J. paohyphloea (thick-barked). I. subulate, almost squamiform, 

 closely imbricated, thick and broad at the base, sharp-pointed. A 

 slender, upright tree, with a whitish appearance, a tapering habit, 

 and short, erect branches. New Mexico. A remarkable, but 

 scarcely handsome species. 



J. phcenicea (Phoenician).* I. small, scale-like, in threes, imbri- 

 cated, scarcely glaucous, h. 15ft. to 18ft. Mediterranean region, 

 1683. A large pyramidal shrub, with a profusion of slender pen- 

 dulous branches, growing in tufts. It is a handsome plant for 

 growing near water, or on rockwork, in almost any situation. 



J. p. lycia (Lycian). This form is described as being a creeping 

 shrub. It is interesting, from producing the resinous gum known 

 as Olibanum, which is used as incense in religious ceremonies on 

 the Continent. (A. F. B. iv. 2367.) 



J. procumbens (procumbent).* A glaucous creeping species, 

 having a spreading habit, and never rising more than a few inches 

 from the ground. It closely resembles J. Sabina in the colour of 

 its foliage, but the young growth is more glaucescent. It is a very 



Juniperus continued. 



ornamental plant for rockwork. Canada and Northern United 

 States. SYNS. J. prostrata and J. repent. 



J. prostrata (prostrate). A synonym of J. procumbent. 



J. recurva (recurved). /. loosely imbricated, sharp-pointed, 

 usually in whorls of three, greyish-green. Branchlets recurved, 

 pendulous, feathery, h. 5ft. to 8ft. Nepaul, 1817. A graceful 

 and handsome plant when healthy, but liable to attacks of 

 Red Spider. It should be grown in a cool soil. The male form, 

 usually called densa, is much shorter in foliage, and very much 

 dwarfer in habit, than the female form. SYNS. J. nepalensis 

 and J. repanda. (G. C. n. a., xix. 468.) 



J. r. squamata (scaly-leaved). I. rigid, sharp -pointed, scaly, 

 usually in threes, glaucescent. Branches with numerous short 

 stiff branchlets. A large creeping shrub, with a much-branching 

 and spreading habit, and rather more peculiar than ornamental. 

 h. 3ft. Nepaul, 1824. SYN. J. dumosa. 



J. repanda (repand). A synonym of J. recurva. 



J. repens (creeping). A synonym of J. procumbens. 



J. xigida (stiff-leaved). I. very distinct, about in. long, linear, 

 rigid, erect, sharp-pointed, produced in whorls of three, marked 

 with a glaucous furrow on the upper side. Branches drooping ; 

 when young, slender, and of a lively green, slightly tinged with 

 yellow, h. 15ft. Japan, 1861. An ornamental species, with an 

 upright and somewhat irregular habit. (S. Z. F. J. ii. 125.) 



J. rufescens (reddish-berried). A synonym of J. oxycedrus. 



J. Sabina.* Common Savin. I. small, scale-like, imbricated, some- 

 what acute, h. 5ft. to 8ft. South Europe, 1548. An ornamental 

 much-branched shrub, having a spreading, irregular habit, and 

 with numerous reclinate or trailing branches. It thrives best in 

 a light soil, and in airy situations. See Fig. 354. 



J. S. tamariscifolia (Tamarisk-leaved).* A very ornamental low- 

 growing, densely-branched, and trailing species. It has a neater 

 habit than the type, and its foliage is of a brighter green. An ex- 

 cellent plant for rockwork, banks, &c. This variety is sometimes 

 known as the Carpet Juniper. SYN. J. sabinoides. (Enc. T. & S. 

 2022.) 



J. S. variegata (variegated). A very distinct and pretty variegated 

 form, having its branchlets creamy-white or pale yellow. It should 

 not be grown in too sunny a position. 



J. sabinoides (Sabina-like). A synonym of J. Sabina tamarisci- 

 folia,. 



J. Sheppardi glauca (Sheppard's glaucous). A synonym of 

 J. sphcerica Sheppardi. 



J. sphserica (globular-fruited). I. scale-like, imbricated. Berries 

 of a globular or spherical form. North China, 1846. This species 

 "combines the upright mode of growth of J. chinensis with the 

 habit of J. phoenicea in its much-divided tufted branches and scale- 

 like leaves ; the colour of the foliage being, on the whole, brighter 

 than the latter, and less glaucescent than the former. It shows 

 the same peculiarity as J. phoenicea, in often departing from the 

 dioecious character of the Juniper, so that particular branches are 

 sometimes found loaded with berries, while the remainder of the 

 plant has none" (Veitch's "Manual of the Coniferae"). SYN. 

 J. Fortunei. 



J. s. Sheppardi (Sheppard's). I acicular, rigid, not imbricated, 

 sharp-pointed, assuming in autumn, and with the young growth, 

 a very glaucous or almost silvery whiteness. It is a very pretty 

 shrub, and has a rather spreading habit. China. SYN. J. Shep- 

 pardi glauca. 



J. stricta (upright). A synonym of J. communis hibernica. 



J. thurifera (incense-bearing).* Frankincense Juniper. I subu- 

 late, imbricated, in opposite pairs, light glaucous green. Branches 

 slender, numerous, much divided, densely clothed with leaves. 

 A. 15ft to 25ft. South-west Europe, 1752. (A. F. B. iv. 2369.) A 

 very ornamental, small, pyramidal tree, with an erect, slender, 

 tapering trunk. 



J. virginiana (Virginian).* Red Cedar. I. usually subulate and 

 spreading in young plants, and very minute, scale-like, and closely 

 imbricated. Branches at first erect, but ultimately usually de- 

 cumbent, having numerous crowded branchlets. Trunk erect, 

 of varying shades, h. 10ft. to 15ft. ; towards its Western limits, 

 often a large tree, 60ft. to 90ft. high. United States, 1664. A 

 well-known ornamental tree, usually of pyramidal form, and 

 having beautiful bright red heart-wood. Its timber has an 

 aromatic fragrance, and is largely employed in the manufacture 

 of various utensils in its native country. The varieties of this 

 species are somewhat numerous. 



J. V. alba variegata (white-variegated). A form having a 

 portion of the leaves white, and the remainder of greenish- 

 yellow. 



J. V. aurea-variegata (golden-variegated). A variable form, 

 sometimes having the terminal branches and branchlets deep 

 yellow, while at others the variegation is but a spot. It should 

 be grown in a shady situation. 



J. V. Bedfordlana (Bedford's). A handsome form, having the 

 branches longer and more slender than the type ; ultimate 

 branches filiform, pendulous. 



J. V. dumosa (bushy). A dwarf form, having a roundish, spread- 

 ing, compact head. It resembles J. Sabina tamariscifolia. 



