284 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



Iiiparis continued. 



hairs, those below are coral-red; the fifth and sixth seg- 

 ments are humped above. It feeds chiefly on Haw- 

 thorn, and is very common in England. 



L. chrysorrhcea (Brown-tail Moth) is pure white (see 

 Fig. 448), with a large tuft of brown hairs at the tip of 

 the abdomen, used for covering over the eggs when laid. 

 The larva is black, with warty tubercles, emitting tufts of 

 snow-white hairs, on the second and on the fifth to 

 twelfth segments, and on the tenth and eleventh segments 

 are scarlet cup-shaped spots in the middle of the back 

 (see Fig. 449). It feeds on fruit-trees, Hawthorn, 

 Oak, &c. 



L. dispar (Gipsy Moth). In this species, the males (see 



FIG. 450. LlPARlS DISPAR (MALE). 



Fig. 450) are dark brown, the upper wings with zigzag 

 darker markings, and a central spot. The females (see 



FIG. 451. LlPAKIS DISPAR (FEMALE). 



Fig. 451) are much larger and heavier, with dingy white 

 wings barred with darker belts. The larva is black, 



FIG. 452. CATERPILLAR OF LIPARIS SALICIS (SATIN MOTH). 

 netted with grey; there is a grey median dorsal line, 

 and each segment bears two dark blood-coloured dorsal 

 tubercles, and four grey ones on the sides. It feeds 

 on Hawthorn, Blackthorn, Plums, Apples, &c., and in 

 France often does much damage. 



Iiiparis continued. 



L. nwnacha (Black Arches), like the last, shows a 

 marked inequality in size of male and of female, and, 

 like it, is often most hurtful to trees on the Continent 

 Oak, Birch, &c., but more especially to conifers, from 

 which it often strips the leaves. The species is rare 

 in Britain. 



L. salicis (Satin Moth). The wings of this moth are 

 satiny- white ; the body is black, but covered with long 

 white hairs. The larva (see Fig. 452) bears a row of 

 white spots down the middle of the back, bordered on 

 each side by a broad black stripe, in which lie eleven 

 red tubercles ; sides grey, with red tubercles. The larvae 

 usually feed on Poplars and Willows, but, at times, also 

 on other trees. 



Hand-picking and beating appear to be the best methods 

 to limit the numbers of all the species. 



LIPOSTOMA. A synonym of Coccocypselum. 



LIPPIA (named in honour of Augustus Lippi, a French 

 physician and traveller in Abyssinia). Including Aloysia 

 and Zapania. OBD. Verbenaceae. A large genus (almost 

 ninety species) of stove or greenhouse, glabrous, pilose, 

 tomentose, pubescent, or hirsute, shrubs or sub-shrubs, 

 rarely herbs, mostly American, a few being found in 

 Africa, and two broadly dispersed over the warmer regions 

 of the globe. Flowers small, solitary, sessile, in the axils 

 of the bracts. Leaves opposite or ternately whorled, 

 rarely alternate, entire, toothed, or lobed, flat or rugose. 

 But few of the species are in cultivation. They require 

 a rich light soil. Cuttings of the young shoots will root 

 readily in sandy soil, in any close, warm frame. 



L. Citriodora (Citron-scented).* Lemon Plant ; Scented Verbena. 

 jl. nearly white, small, forming an unbranched panicle. Summer 

 and autumn. I. in whorls of three ; veins on each side of the 

 midrib running parallel to each other, h. 3ft. Chili, 1794. 

 Greenhouse (hardy in . the South of England). The leaves of 

 this species emit a delightful fragrance when bruised. SYN& 

 Aloysia citriodora, Verbena triphylla (B. M. 367). 



L. nodiflora (node-flowered). /. white or purple ; heads dense, 

 globose, on axillary peduncles. May to September. I. obovate, 

 oblong, or lanceolate, rough, tapering and entire below the 

 middle, serrate above, lin. long. h. 6in. to 12in. North America. 

 Half-hardy. SYN. Zapania nodiflora. 



L. reptana (creeping), fl. white, red ; heads ovoid-globose, at 

 length oblong. June. I. spathulate, serrate above, penninerved, 

 lin. to liin. long. h. 1ft. South America, 1847. Greenhouse. 



XiIQUIDAMBAIL (from liquid us, liquid, and ambar, 

 amber ; referring to the gum, called liquid storax, pro- 

 duced by this genus). OBD. HamamelideoB. A genus 

 of about four species of ornamental, balsam-bearing, 

 deciduous trees, natives of the Levant, North America, 

 and China, with catkins of monoecious flowers, which 

 are surrounded by a four-leaved, deciduous involucre ; 

 male catkins conical or sub-globular; females sub-globular, 

 surrounded by scales. Leaves alternate, slender, petio- 

 late, stipuled. The species principally grown is L. 

 styraciflua, the leaves of which, according to London, 

 are very fragrant at all seasons, " but in spring, when 

 they are unfolding, after a warm shower, the surround- 

 ing air is filled with their refreshing odour." Liquidambars 

 thrive best in a moist loamy soil, and in a sheltered 

 situation. Propagated freely by layers, which may be 

 taken off at the end of the first autumn after they 

 have been formed. Imported seeds (of the two species 

 described below), allowed to remain in the catkins until 

 the time of sowing, will be quite a year germinating. 

 The seedlings usually attain a height of from Gin. to 

 8in., and may be transplanted out that year or the 

 next. 



L. imberbe (beardless). 1. palmate, usually five-lobed, with the 

 sinuses at the base of the veins, smooth, h. 10ft. to 20ft. 

 Levant, 1759. A large bush, of slow growth, with numerous small 

 branches crowded together into an irregular head. It has a more 

 shrubby habit than L. styracijlua. SYN. L. orientalis. 



L. orientalis (Eastern). A synonym of L. imberbe. 



L. styraciflua (storax-flowing).* Sweet Gum. JL greenish- 

 yellow. Spring. I. palmately lobed, with the sinuses at the base 



