302 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



LUPINUS (the old Latin name used by Virgil and 

 Pliny ; said to be derived from lupus, a wolf ; on account 

 of the plant being supposed to destroy the fertility of the 

 Boil). Lupine. ORD. Leguminosce. Of this genns over 

 eighty species have been described, but some of them are 

 very variable in our gardens. They are mostly hardy or 

 half-hardy annual or perennial herbs and sub-shrubs, 

 rarely shrubs, numerously dispersed in America, especially 

 in the West, but rarer within the tropics, except in 

 mountainous regions. In the Old World, the genus is 

 represented only by a few annuals in the countries near 

 the Mediterranean. Flowers blue, purplish, or variegated, 

 rarely yellow or white, in sparse terminal racemes or in 

 approximate whorls, often very handsome ; calyx deeply 

 two-lobed. Pods very frequently silky - villose, two- 

 valved. Leaves simple, or digitately five to fifteen or 

 many - foliolate, rarely trifoliolate ; stipules adnate to 

 the base of the petiole. All the Lupines are of very 

 easy cultivation in moderately good garden soil. The 

 seeds of the annuals, which are among the most orna- 

 mental of summer-flowering plants, may be sown, in 

 the open border, during April or May. The peren- 

 nials may be increased by seeds, in the same manner as 

 the annuals ; or by dividing the stronger-growing plants, 

 during March or April. Comparatively few true species 

 are seen in cultivation, as they are almost super- 

 seded by the numerous and beautiful hybrids. There is 

 scarcely a single species of this large genus which can 

 be considered as worthless in a flower-garden. Those 

 described below are hardy, unless otherwise specified. 



L. affinis (allied), fl. deep blue. June. h. Gin. California, 1848. 

 Perennial 



L. albifrons (white-herbaged). A synonym of L. Chamissonis. 



I* arboreus (tree).* Tree Lupine, fl. yellow, fragrant, somewhat 

 verticillate, pedicellate. Summer. I., leaflets lanceolate-linear, 

 acute pubescent beneath. North America, 1793. Plant shrubby. 

 (B. M. 682 ; B. R. xxiv., 32.) 



L. arbustus (shrub-like). A synonym of L. laxiflorus. 



L. aridus (arid), fl. purplish-blue ; upper lip of calyx bifid, lower 

 one entire. August and September. 1., leaflets linear-lanceolate, 

 villous. *. 1ft 8 North America, 1827. Perennial. (B. R. 1242.) 



Lnpinns continued. 



with a white spot at the base, and pale outside ; wings purplish- 

 blue ; keel dark purple at the apex. August and September. 

 L, leaflets lanceolate, silkv on both surfaces, h. 6in. North 

 America, 1826. Perennial. ' (B. R. 1149 ; L. B. C. 1980.) 



L. leptophyllus (slender-leaved), fl. violaceous, disposed in 

 loose pedunculate racemes, somewhat verticillate ; calyx pu- 

 bescent, with both lips entire, and about equal in length, the 

 upper one broadest. /., leaflets linear, acute, with a few silky 

 hairs on both surfaces, h. 1ft. to 3ft. Mexico. Perennial. 



L. leucophyllus (white-leaved).* fl. pink, alternate, pedicellate, 

 bracteolate, disposed in long racemes. June to November. I., 

 leaflets seven to nine, oblong - lanceolate ; stipules subulate, 

 woolly, h. 2ft. to 3ft. North America, 1826. Plant very villous. 

 Perennial (B. R. 1124.) SYN. L. plumosus (B. R. 1217). 



FIG. 479. FLOWERING BRANCH OF LUPINUS NANUS. 



L. littoralis (seashore-loving), fl. purplish-blue ; both lips of 

 calyx entire. June to October. I., leaflets five to seven, linear- 

 spathulate, silky on both surfaces, h. 1ft. North America, 1826. 

 Perennial. (B. M. 2952 ; B. R. 1198.) Svxs. L. nootkatensi* 

 fruticosus (B. M. 2136), and L. versicolor (B. R. 1979). 



L. luteus (yellow).* fl. yellow, fragrant, verticillate, sessile, brac- 

 teolate. June to August. I., leaflets seven to nine, oblong, lower 

 ones obovate. h. 1ft. to lift. South Europe, &c., 1596. Annual. 

 SYN. L. odoratus. (B. M. 140.) 



FIG. 478. LUPINUS (MUTABILIS) CRUIKSHANKII, showing Habit 

 and detached Portion of Inflorescence. 



L. bimaculatns (two-spotted). A synonym of L. subcarnosus. 



L. Chamissonis (Chamisso's). fl. blue, verticillate, in long, 

 slender racemes. September. I., leaflets obovate-oblong, nar- 

 rowed at the base. Stem and leaves clothed with silvery-silky 

 down. h. 3ift. California, 1833. Perennial. SYN. L. albifrons 

 (B. B, 1642). 



L. grandifolius (large-leaved). A synonym of L. polyphyllut. 



L. laxiflorus (loose-flowered). /. with the vexillum and tips of 

 the wings blue, but the keel and base of the wings reddish ; calyx 

 entire, saccate at the base, upper lip bifid, lower one longer, 

 ovate, and acuminated. August and September. I., leaflets 

 linear-lanceolate, h. 1ft. to lift. North America, 1826. Peren- 

 nial. (B. R. 1140.) SYN. L. arbustus (B. R. 1230). 



L. lepidus (charming).* fl. with the vexillum purplish-blue inside, 



FIG. 480. LUPINUS NOOTKATENSIS, showing Habit, detached 

 Flower, and small Leaf. 



L. macrophyllus (large-leaved). A synonym of L. polyphyllus. 



L. microcarpus (small-fruited), fl. blue ; whorls about six- 

 flowered ; calyx without appendage ; upper lip einarginate, lower 

 bifid. April. I., leaflets nine or ten, lanceolate, hairy on under 

 surface, smooth on upper. A. lift. North America, Annual. 

 (B. M. 2413.) 



L. mntabilis (changeable).* /. large, somewhat verticillate ; the 

 vexillum white, mixed with blue, changing to blue, with a large 

 yellow mark in the centre ; wings white, faintly striated ; keel 

 white. June to August. I, leaflets seven to nine, glaucescent 

 and rather pubescent beneath, lanceolate, bluntish. h. 5ft. 

 South America, 1819. A handsome, half-hardy, erect, branched 



