AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



319 



Malpig-hia continued. 



furrowed, of a dark purple colour when ripe. I linear-lanceolate, 

 acute, beset on both surfaces with decumbent stinging bristles. 

 Branches smooth, h. 7ft. 1737. Shrub. (L. B. C. 321.) 



M. aquifolia (Holly-leaved), fl. pale blush or pink ; peduncles 

 axillary, solitary or twin, two-flowered. August I. lanceolate, 

 with spiny teeth, beset with decumbent stinging bristles beneath. 

 Branches smooth, h. 7ft. 1759. Shrub. See Fig. 506. 



M. coccifera (berry-bearing), ft. pale blush or pink ; peduncles 

 axillary, solitary, furnished with two small scales at their middle. 

 June to August. I. obovate or roundish, with spiny teeth, 

 smooth, shining, h. 2ft. 1733. A small bushy shrub, thickly 

 beset with Box-like leaves. 



M. glabra (glabrous). Barbados Cherry, fl. rose-coloured or 

 bright purple ; peduncles axillary, umbellate. March to Septem- 

 ber. fr. red, round and smooth, about the size and shape of a 

 cherry, having one or more furrows on the outside, and con- 

 taining a reddish pulp. I. ovate, quite entire, smooth, shining. 

 h. 16ft. 1757. This tree is cultivated in all the West Indian 

 Islands, and in many parts of the mainland of South America, for 

 its fruits, which are esteemed there, but are much inferior to our 

 cherries. (B. M. 813.) 



M. nitida (shining). /. pink ; peduncles umbellately racemose, 

 axillary and terminal. March to July. I. lanceolate, acute, quite 

 entire, smooth, shining, h. 10ft 1733. A beautiful shrub. 



M. punicifolia (Pomegranate-leaved), fl. rose, on axillary, one- 

 flowered peduncles. July. fr. about the size and shape of a 

 cherry, very succulent, and of a pleasant, rather acid, taste. 

 I. ovate, quite entire, smooth, h. 8ft. 1690. A shrub having the 

 appearance of the Pomegranate. 



M. urens (stinging). Cowhage, or Cow Itch Cherry, fl. pink or 

 pale purple ; peduncles one-flowered, aggregate, one-half shorter 

 than the leaves; petals equal. June to October, fr. edible. 

 I. oblong-ovate, clothed with decumbent bristles beneath, smooth 

 above. Branches smooth, h. 3ft. to 6ft. 1737. Shrub. 



MALFIGHIACEJE. An order of often climbing 

 trees or shrubs, principally inhabiting Brazil and Guiana. 

 Flowers yellow or red, rarely white or bine ; inflores- 

 cence indefinite, often terminal, racemose, corymbose or 

 umbellate, or paniculate. Leaves generally opposite 

 (petiole jointed to the stem), entire, flat (rarely alter- 

 nate or whorled, sessile, sinuate-toothed or lobed, margins 

 recurved) ; petiole or under surface or margin of the 

 leaf often glandular ; stipules usually geminate at the 

 base of the petiole, rarely united into a sheath. There 

 are about forty-nine genera and 600 species. Examples : 

 Banisteria, Bunchosia, Galphimia, Gaudichaudia, and 

 Malpighia. 



MALUS. Included under PyrttS (which see). 



MALVA (the old Latin name for a Mallow, used 

 by Pliny and Virgil, altered from the Greek Malachi, a 

 Mallow, which is probably derived from malacho, to 

 soften ; referring to its emollient qualities). Mallow. 

 OED. Malvaceae. This genus comprises about sixteen 

 species of mostly hardy, annual, biennial, or perennial, 

 hirsute or glabrous herbs, indigenous to South Europe, 

 temperate Asia, and Northern Africa. Flowers axillary, 

 solitary or fasciculate, sessile or pedunculate, or rarely in 

 terminal racemes ; petals purplish-rose or white, never 

 yellow, emarginate, very rarely denticulate. Leaves often 

 angulate, lobed or dissected. Few of the species are worth 

 growing, the plants being generally of a coarse and 

 weedy growth. The exceptions are of easy culture in 

 any moderately good garden soil. The perennial species 

 may be increased by seeds, or by cuttings ; and the 

 annuals by seeds only. 



M. Alcea (Alcea). fl. pale rosy-purple, about 2in. across, in 

 terminal and axillary clusters. Summer. I. palmate, with 

 incised divisions, light green, downy, h. 4ft Europe, &c., 1797. 

 Perennial. (B. M. 2197.) 



M. A. fastiglata (fastigiate).* /.red. July to October. I., lower 

 ones five-lobed, upper ones palmately five-cleft, with the lobes 

 toothed, h. 2ft. to 3ft Italy, 1820. Perennial. SYN. M. Morenii 

 (li. M. 2793). 



M. Creeana (Cree's). A synonym of Malvantrum coccitieum 

 yrossularicejolium. 



ML crispa (curled), fl. white, pale purple at the tip, axillary, 

 sessile or nearly so. June. I. angular, toothed, curled, glabrous. 

 Stem erect. A. 2ft. to 6ft. 1573. Annual. Perhaps a native of 

 China ; it occurs in many countries in a naturalised state. 



M. involuorata (iuvolucrate). A synonym of Callirhoe involu- 



Malva continued. 



M. lateritia (brick-coloured). A synonym of Malcastrum lateri- 

 tiitin. 



M. mauritiana (Mediterranean), fl. deep purple ; pedicels axil- 

 lary, numerous, one-flowered. June. I. tive-lobed, obtuse. Stem 

 erect, h. 4ft to 6ft. South Europe, 1768. Annual. (S. F. G. 81.) 



M. Morenii (Moreni's). A synonym of M. Alcea fastiyiata. 



M. moschata (musk).* Musk Mallow, fl. rose, about 2in. 

 across, disposed in terminal and axillary clusters. Summer. 

 I., lower ones kidney -shaped, cut ; upper ones with five deeply 

 pinnatifld, jagged segments, h. 2ft to 2Jft. Europe (Britain). 

 A handsome perennial, of which there is a form with pure 

 white flowers. (B. M. 2298.) 



M. Munroana (Munro's). A synonym of Male strain, Munro- 

 anum. 



MALVACEAE. An order of herbs, shrubs, or trees, 

 with light and soft wood, dispersed through all the 

 regions of the earth except the Arctic. Flowers 

 variously coloured, commonly violet, purplish, pink, or 

 yellow, often showy ; peduncles axillary and one-flowered, 

 or disposed in racemes, fascicles, or panicles ; calyx 

 with an involucel of whorled bracts; petals five, hypo- 

 gynous. Leaves alternate, simple, usually palminerved, 

 entire or palmilobed ; hairs usually stellate. An emol- 

 lient mucilage abounds in most of the species ; some 

 contain free acids, and are employed as refreshing 

 drinks. There are about fifty-nine genera and 700 

 species. Well-known genera are : Abutilon, Althaea, 

 Bombaz, Gossypium, Hibiscus, Lagunaria, and Malva. 



MALVASTRUM (name altered from Malva). ORD. 

 Malvaceae. This genus contains about sixty species of 

 greenhouse or hardy herbs, natives, chiefly, of America. 

 Flowers scarlet, golden, or yellow, shortly pedunculate 

 or sub-sessile, disposed in axillary or terminal spikes. 

 Leaves variable, entire, heart-shaped, or partite. In all 

 probability, the species here described are the only ones 

 now in cultivation. For culture, see Malva. 



M. campanulattun (bell-shaped), fl. light purplish-rose, about 

 3in. in diameter, disposed in a long, loose, terminal spike. Late 

 summer. 1. large, deeply lobed ; lobes twice sub-divided. Stem 

 and leaves covered with short thin down. h. 1ft to lift. Chili, 

 1839. Greenhouse perennial. 



M. ooccinenm (scarlet), fl. scarlet. July to September. I. very 

 casious. Stem very short, h. 6in. Missouri, 1811. Hardy. 

 SYX. Cristaria coccinea (under which name it is figured in B. M. 

 1673). 



M. c. grossularisafolinm (Gooseberry-leaved), /.red. July to 

 October. L, upper ones trilobate, central lobe elongated ; lower 

 less deeply lobed ; petiole somewhat flattened above, hairy, like 

 stem. Branches clothed with harsh stellate hairs. A. 2ft. United 

 States, 1835. (B. M. 3698, under name of Malva, Creeana.) 



M. Gilliesli (Gillies'). /. bright red, lin. or more in diameter. 

 Summer. 1. palmatifid. A. 6in. Extra-tropical South America. 

 SYS. Modiola geranioides. 



M. lateritium (brick-coloured). /. brick-red, handsome, on long 

 peduncles. Autumn. /. three to five-lobed. A. 6in. South 

 America, 1840. A prostrate, hirsute, hardy perennial. SYN. 

 Malva lateritia. 



M. Munroanum (Munro's). /. reddish-pink, tinged with lightish- 

 brown ; pedicels one or two, from the upper leaves, in the axils, 

 each bearing one or more flowers ; calyx downy. June. i. alter- 

 nate, distant, cordate, obtuse, three to seven-lobed ; lobes 

 again crenate-lobed, downy. Stems weak, requiring support. 

 Columbia, 1828. Hardy. (B. M. 3537 and B. B. 1306, under name 

 of Malva Munroana.) 



MALVAVISCUS (from Malva, Mallow, and viscus, 

 glue ; referring to the mucilage with which it abounds). 

 SYN. Achania. OBD. Malvaceae. A genus comprising 

 about six species of greenhouse evergreen shrubs or 

 small trees, mostly hispid, natives of tropical America 

 and Mexico. Flowers red, often pedunculate; petals 

 erecto-connivent or spreading upwards; calyx five-fid. 

 Leaves entire, toothed, or angularly lobed. The species 

 thrive best iu a compost of fibry peat and loam. Propa- 

 gated by cuttings of side shoots, placed under a bell 

 glass, in heat. 

 M. arborens (tree-like). /. scarlet, large; leaves of involuce 



erect. Summer. I. cordate, three to five-lobed, acuminated, 



roughish. A. 12ft. West Indies, 1714. Shrub. (B. M. 2305, 



under name of Achania Malvaviscus.) 



