336 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



[assonia continued. 



rotundate, fleshy-herbaceous, sinooth, sub-acute, 5in. to 6in. long, 

 Sin. to 4in. broad, h. Sin. 1790. SYN. M. scabra. (B. M. 642.) 

 M. sanguinea (bloody), fl., perianth white, nearly lin. long ; 

 segments linear-lanceolate; filaments suffused with red ; corymbs 

 fifteen to twenty-flowered. March. I. fleshy-herbaceous, almost 

 rotundate-cordate, acute, 4in. to 6iu. long, 3in. to 4in. broad. 

 h. 6in. 1775. SYN. If. latifolia (under which name it is figured 

 in B. M. 848). 



M. scabra (scabrous). A synonym of M. pustulata. 

 M. Vlolacea (violet). A synonym of M. enstfolia. 

 MAST. The fruit of Fagus sylvatica. 

 MASTACANTHUS SINENSIS. A synonym of 

 Caryopteris Mastacanthus (which see). 



MASTWORTS. Lindley's name for Corylaceai. 

 MATAXA. A synonym of Lasiospermum (which see). 

 MATHIOLA (named after Peter Andrew Mathioli, 

 1500-1577, an Italian physician and celebrated botanist). 

 Stock. OBD. Cruciferce. A genus of about thirty species 

 of hardy, half-hardy, or greenhouse, annual, biennial, or 

 perennial, stellato-tomentose herbs or sub-shrubs, natives 

 of Western and Southern Europe, Western Asia, and 

 (one) South Africa. Flowers often purple, large, race- 

 mose, generally sweet-scented ; petals with long claws ; 

 stigmas connivent, thickened or horned at the back. 

 Seeds thin, flat, numerous ; pods large, nearly cylindrical, 

 or compressed. Leaves oblong or linear, entire or sinuate. 

 Mathiolas are well-known plants, largely cultivated in 



FIG. 523. MATHIOLA INCANA FLORE-PLENO. 



almost every garden, under the popular name of Stocks. 

 There are several sections, and numerous varieties; the 

 flowers represent a great diversity of colour, and are 

 invariably highly perfumed, and of great beauty. Plants 

 may readily be raised from seed, sown in succession on 

 a slight hotbed, from February till April, and the seed- 

 lings transplanted, when large enough, to the open 

 ground where they are intended to flower. The Brompton 

 and Intermediate sections should be sown in August 

 and September, and the plants preserved in pots, in a 

 cold frame, throughout the winter, in preparation for 

 flowering early, outside, the following season. Varieties 

 of Mathiola are very extensively cultivated in pots, for 

 greenhouse and other decorations. For general culture 

 of all the sections, see Stocks. 



M. annua (annual).* Ten-Weeks Stock, fl. of various colours, pure 

 and variegated, varying from single to double. May to October. 

 Pods somewhat cylindrical, without glands. I. lanceolate, blunt, 

 hoary. Stem herbaceous, erect, branched, h. 1ft. to 2ft. South 

 Europe, 1731. Hardy annual. The Intermediate Stock belongs 

 to this species. 



M. blcornis (two-horned).*/, purplish-red, like those of M. incana, 

 but smaller, sub-sessile ; petals oblong-spathulate. Spring. Pods 

 long, terete, cinereous. I. oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifld ; upper 

 ones entire. Stem branched. Greece. Half-hardy sub-shrub. 

 M. fenestralis (fenestrate). fl. scarlet or pale purple, a little 

 smaller than those of M. incana. July and August. Pods pubes- 

 cent, without glands, broadest at the base. I. crowded, obovate, 



Mathiola continued. 

 downy, revolute. Stem erect, simple. 

 Hardy sub-shrub. 



h. 1ft. Crete, 1759. 



M. Incana (hoary).* Wallflower-leaved Stock. /. usually purple. 

 Summer and autumn. Pods somewhat compressed, without 

 glands. I. lanceolate, hoary. Stem shrubby at the base, erect, 

 simple or branched, h. 1ft. to 2ft. South Europe. Half-hardy 

 sub-shrubby biennial. From this species, the Brompton and 

 Queen Stocks have originated, and these are said to be dis- 

 tinguished by the under portion of the leaf of the latter being 

 rough and woolly, whilst the leaf of the former is smooth on both 

 surfaces, flore-pleno is a double-flowered form. See Fig. 523. 



M. odoratissima (very sweet-scented), fl. dirty cream -colour, 

 or when old purplish-brown, sweet-scented in the evening. June 

 and July. Pod compressed, somewhat hoary. 1. downy or 

 pubescent, toothed or pinnatifld. Stem erect, branched, h. 1ft. to 

 2ft. Persia, 1795. Greenhouse evergreen sub-shrub. (B. M.1711. 



FIG. 524. FLOWERING BRANCH OF MATHIOLA TRICUSPIDATA. 



M. tricnspidata (three-pointed), fl. bright lilac (lighter-coloured 

 towards the base of each petal), in terminal, flexuose, many- 

 flowered racemes. Summer. I., root ones oblong, obtuse, re- 

 pandly dentate or slightly sinuate ; cauline ones more divided, 

 sinuately pinnatifld. h. 1ft. Mediterranean region. Hardy 

 annual. See Fig. 524. (S. B. F. G. 46.) 

 MATONIA (named after Dr. Maton, Vice-president 



of the Linnsean Society). OBD. Filices. A monotypic 



genus. The species is a rare and handsome stove fern. 



For culture, see Ferns. 



Fio. 525. MATRICARIA I.NODORA FLORE-PLENO, showing Habit 

 and detached Flowering Brauchlet. 



