AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



377 



Momordica continued. 



which are pale straw-coloured externally, villous within on the 

 disk, and copiously veined ; three inner petals black -purple at 

 base ; peduncles long, single-flowered ; female flowers like the 

 males, on peduncles lin. to 2in. long, bracts small about the 

 middle. July. fr. red, large, oval-rotundate. I. varying in size, 

 cordate, palmately three to five-lobed ; segments sinuate-dentate ; 

 petioles long, grooved, bearing conspicuous peziza-shaped glands. 

 Stems climbing. India, Formosa, Philippines, &c., 1820. (B. M. 

 5145, under name of 31. mixta.) 



M. Elaterium (Elaterium). A synonym of Ecballium Elaterium. 



M. mixta (mixed). A synonym of M. cochinchinensis. 



MONACHANTHUS. Included under Catasetum. 

 MONACHOSORUM. Included under Polypodium. 



MONADELPHOUS. Having the filaments cohering 

 into a tube. 



MONANDROUS. Having only one stamen. 

 MONANTHES (from monos, one, and antJios, a 

 flower ; the flowers are often solitary). STN. Petrophyes. 

 OBD. Crassulacece. A small genus (three species) of 

 exceedingly dwarf and pretty, greenhouse, perennial, tufted 

 herbs, natives of the Canary Islands and Morocco. Flowers 

 purple or orange, small, on slender pedicels ; petals six to 

 twelve, linear or lanceolate ; peduncles slender, erect, 

 one to many-flowered, cymose or racemose. Leaves fleshy, 

 rosulate, at the tips of the branchlets, or on elongated 

 branches, opposite or alternate, clavate or cylindrical- 

 ovoid. Stems filiform, dichotomous, creeping. For cul- 

 ture, see Crassula. 



M. atlantica (Atlantic), fl. sub-solitary, and in short, few-flowered, 

 terminal cymes ; petals six, golden-yellow, speckled with red on 

 the back, ovate-elliptic ; anthers dark red. April. I. sub-sessile, 

 iin. long, succulent. Stem branched from the base ; branches 

 prostrate, lin. to Sin. long, naked below, bearing a densely 

 imbricated rosette of twenty to thirty leaves towards the apex. 

 Mount Atlas, 1871. (B. M. 5988, under name of 31. muralis.) 

 M. muralis (wall), of Hooker. A synonym of M. atlantica. 



MONARDA (named after Nicolas Monarda, or 

 Monardes, 1493-1588, a physician and botanist of 

 Seville). Horse Mint. OKD. Labiates. A genus com- 

 prising six or seven species of very ornamental hardy 

 herbaceous perennials, inhabiting North America. 

 Flowers in close heads or whorls, surrounded by 

 bracts; corolla long and slender, deeply bilabiate. 

 Leaves simple, toothed. The species are of very easy 

 culture in ordinary soil, and in any position but a too 

 shady one. Monardas may be readily increased in 

 autumn by division of the roots. They have a more 

 telling effect when planted in masses, than as small 

 specimens, in mixed borders. 

 M. affinls (related). A synonym of M. fistulosa. 

 M. allophylla (different-leaved). A synonym of M. fistulosa. 

 M. altissima (very lofty). A synonym of 31. fistulosa. 

 M. amplexicaulis (stem-clasping). A synonym of 31. Brad- 



buriana. 



M. aristata (awned). A synonym of M. clinopodioides. 

 M. Bradburiana (Bradbury's), fl. white, pink, with reddish 

 bracts ; calyx hirsute, and somewhat contracted at the orifice, its 

 teeth elongated and aristiform ; corolla tube not exceeding the 

 long and narrow, pubescent upper lip. June. /. ovate or ovate- 

 lanceolate, from a broad roundish or sub-cordate base, acuminate. 

 h. 2ft. 1850. SYN. 3f. amplexicaulis. (B. M. 5310, under name 

 of M. fistulosa flore-maculata.) 



M. clinopodioides (Clinopodium-like). fl., bracts of the rather 

 small heads mostly green or greenish, erect, oblong-ovate to 

 obpvate-lanceolate, rigid, strongly three to five-nerved, hispid- 

 ciliate ; calyx-teeth erect, rigid, aristiform-attenuate ; tube 

 purplish, hirsute ; throat densely villous. Stem slender, 1ft. or 

 more high. SYN. 31. aristata (under which name it is figured in 

 B. M. 5526). 



M. didyma (twin).* Oswego Tea. fl. bright scarlet ; whorls soli- 

 tary or twin, supported by a leafy bract, the leaflets being of a 

 pale green colour, tinted with red. July to September. I. 

 petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, roundly sub-cordate at 

 the base, rather hispid on both surfaces. Stem square, grooved, 

 hard. h. lift. 1656. SYNS. M. fistulosa, 31. Kalmiana. (B. M. 

 145.) See Fig. 584. (B. M. 546.) 



M. fistulosa (fistular).* Wild Bergamot. /. purple, less numerous 

 than in 31. didyma, and mostly produced in single heads ; bracts 

 tinted with purple. Summer. I. petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, 

 roundly sub-cordate at the base. Stems fistular or tilled, h. 2ft. 



Vol. II. 



Monarda continued. 



to 5ft. 1656. This species has several varieties. SYXS. 31. affinit 

 M. allophylla, M. altissima, M. lonflifolia, 3f. oblonyata. 



M. fistulosa (fistular), of Sims. A synonym of M. didyma. 



M. f. flore-maculata (spotted-flowered). A synonym of 31. 

 Bradburiana. 



M. f. media (intermediate), fl., corolla deep purple, SYNS. 

 M. media (S. B. F. G. 98), M. purpurea (L. B. C. 13S6). 



M. f. mollis (soft), fl., corolla varying from flesh colour to lilac, 

 glandular, and its upper lip hairy outside, or more bearded at 

 the tip. I. paler, soft, pubescent beneath, often shorter petioled 

 SYNS. M. Lindheimeri, M. menthcefolia (B. M. 2958), M. mollis, 

 M. scabra. 



H. f. rubra (red). 

 II. purpurea. 



4., corolla bright crimson or rose-red. SYN. 



FIG. 584. FLOWERING BRANCH OF MONARDA DIDYMA. 



M. Fftlnlana (Kalm's). A synonym of 31. didyma. 



M. Lindheimeri (Lindheimer's). A synonym of M. fistulosa 



mollis. 



M. longifolia (long-leaved). A synonym of 3T. fistulosa. 

 M. lutea (yellow). A synonym of Jf. punctata. 

 M. media (intermediate). A synonym of 31. fistulosa media. 

 M. menthsefolia (Mentha-leaved). A synonym of If. fistulosa 



mollis. 



M. mollis (soft). A synonym of 31. fistulosa mollis. 

 M. Oblongata (oblong). A synonym of 31. fistulosa. 

 M. punctata (dotted), fl., calyx-teeth spreading, hardly longer 



than the width of the villous orifice of the tube ; floral leaves and 



bracts whitened or purplish, or both, often slender-acuminate. 



Summer. Stem usually 2ft. high. SYN. M. lutea. (A. B. E. 546; 



B. R. 87.) 

 M. purpurea (purple), of Loddiges. A synonym of 31. fistulosa 



rubra. 

 M. purpurea (purple), of Pursh. A synonym of M. fistulosa 



M. Kussellianum (Russell's), fl. pale, veined with purple ; 

 bracts purplish. July to September. I. nearly sessile, lanceolate, 

 roundly sub-cordate at the base, ciliated on the edges. Stem 

 glabrous or ciliated on the angles, h. 2ft. to 3ft. 1823. (B. M. 

 2513 ; H. E. F. 130 ; S. B. F. G. 166.) 

 M. scabra (rough). A synonym of 3f. fistulosa mollis. 



MONARDELLA (a diminutive of Monarda). OKD. 



Labiatce. This genus comprises about eleven species of 



hardy, annual or perennial, pleasantly aromatic, fragrant 



herbs, much resembling Monarda in aspect and inflo- 



rescence, natives of North-west America. Flowera in 



terminal and solitary verticillate heads, subtended or 



involucrate by broad, often membranous and coloured 



bracts ; corolla red, rose-purple, or rarely white. Leaves 



mostly entire. For culture, see Monarda. 



M. candicans (whitish), fl. white; calyx-teeth short, rather 



broad and obtuse, villous both sides ; bracts minutely pubescent 



outside, ovate, greenish along the numerous nerves, at least the 



tip and margins white-scarious, shorter than the flowers. 



I. lanceolate or narrowly-oblong, obtuse, tapering into a slender 



petiole, h. 1ft. 1853. Annual. 



M. macrantha (large-flowered), fl. scarlet, with a long tube and 

 a five-parted limb ; heads close, terminal, about 2in. long. 

 Autumn. I. stalked, ovate. 1877. A handsome and highly 

 aromatic perennial, with a creeping rootstock, and tufted, pro- 

 cumbent or ascending stems. (B. M. 6270.) 



3 c 



