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THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



MONESES (from monos, single, and esis, delight ; 

 alluding to the pretty and solitary flower). OED. Ericacece. 

 A. monotypic genus, the species being a small, stemless. 

 very glabrous, stolon-bearing, hardy, perennial herb. It 

 is sometimes erroneously classed under Pyrola (which 

 see for culture). 

 M. nniflora (one-flowered). /. white or pink, Jin. in diameter, 



terminal on the one or two-bracted scape ; calyx five- (rarely 



four-) parted, persistent ; petals five, rarely four, orbicular, sessile. 



June. 1. iin. to lin. long, radical, petiolate, persistent, serrulate, 



coriaceous. Central and Northern Europe (Britain), North 



America, and Japan. Svx. Pyrola uniflora (under which name 



it is figured in Sy. En. B. 900). 



MONEYWORT. See Lysimachia Nummularia. 



MONEYWORT, CORNISH. See Sibthorpia 

 europsea. 



MONILIFORM. Formed like a necklace ; that is to 

 say, with alternate swellings and contractions, resembling 

 a string of beads. 



MONIMIA (after Monime, the wife of Mithridates). 

 OED. Monimiacece. A genus consisting of three species 

 of shrubs, natives of the Mascarene Islands. Flowers 

 small, dioecious, shortly cymose, in the axils. Leaves 

 opposite, entire, coriaceous, often softly pubescent. The 

 species are not grown in this country. 



MONIMIACE2E. An order of rarely climbing, often 

 fragrant, trees or shrubs, natives of the warmer parts 

 of Asia and America, the Mascarene Islands, Australia, 

 and the Southern Islands of the Pacific. The order is 

 divided into two tribes i. Monimiece, ii. Atherospermece. 

 Flowers cymose or racemose, rarely solitary, small or 

 medium ; inflorescence axillary, or rarely terminal, shorter 

 than the leaves. Leaves opposite, or rarely alternate, 

 entire, or irregularly serrate, coriaceous, or rarely mem- 

 branaceous, penniveined ; stipules none. Monimiacece 

 possess a tonic and stimulating volatile oil in all their 

 parts; and the succulent fruit of some is edible. There 

 are about twenty-two genera and 150 species. Examples 

 are : Laurelia, Monimia, and Peumus. 



MONIZIA. Included under Thapsia (which see). 

 MONKEY FLOWER. See Mimnlus Intens. 

 MONKEY PUZZLE. A common name for Arau- 

 caria imbricata (which see). 



MONK'S-HOOD. See Aconitum. 



MONNINA (named after Monnino, Count de Flora 

 Blanca, a Spanish promoter of botany). STN. Hebeandra. 

 OBD. Polygalece. A genus comprising about fifty species 

 of greenhouse evergreen herbs, shrubs, or small trees, 

 natives of Western America. Flowers usually with a 

 white or yellowish corolla and blue calycine wings ; 

 disposed in spike-formed, terminal or lateral racemes. 

 Leaves alternate or scattered. Few of the species have 

 any horticultural value. For culture, see Poly gala. 

 M. obtusifolia (obtuse-leaved). /. drooping ; corolla of five 



reddish-purple petals, united into one hollow keel, disposed in 



solitary terminal racemes. June. 1. obovate, obtuse, entire, lin. 



long, attenuated into a short petiole, h. 12ft. Peru, 1830. A 



slender, upright shrub. (B. M. 3122.) 

 M. xalapensis (Xalapa). .;?. bright blue, in copious racemes ; tip 



of the three-lobed keel yellow. I. alternate, oblanceolate, acute 



or acuminate, bright green, 2in. to 4in. long. Mexico, 1879. A 



rather effective shrub. (B. M. 6415.) 



MONOCERA. Included under Elseocarpus (which 

 see). 



MONOCH2ETUM (from monos, one, and chaite, a 

 bristle; in allusion to the shape of the connective of 

 the stamen). ORD. Melastomacece. A genus comprising 

 about twenty-three species of erect, branched, often 

 tomentose or pubescent, greenhouse shrubs and sub-shrubs, 

 natives of the mountains of Peru, New Grenada. 

 Venezuela, Mexico, and Guatemala. Flowers violet or 

 purple, paniculate, sometimes in fours; calyx tube cam- 

 panulate, lobes four ; petals four, obovate. Leaves ovate 



Monochsetum continued. 



or lanceolate, five to seven-nerved. The species are of 



ea?y culture, thriving best in a compost of two parts 



good fibrous peat, one of light loam, and one of leaf 



mould. Propagated by cuttings, placed in. sandy peat, 



under a glass, in heat. 



M. alpestre (rock).* fl. bright red, solitary, terminal, Hin. to 2in. 

 across. I. very shortly stalked, rather obtuse, broad or ovate- 

 lanceolate, three to five-nerved ; margin obscurely sinuate-crenate, 

 and ciliated. Mexico. A small, compact, much-branched shrub, 

 the young growths more or less tinged with red. 



M. dicranantherum (dicranantherous). A synonym of M. 

 Hartu-eyianum. 



M. Hartwegianum (Hartweg's).*/. bright rose-colour, the upper 

 half of the plant, or more, consisting of a series of small flowering 

 panicles, collectively forming an oblong large panicle, mixed with 

 a few leaves. Winter. I. shortly-stalked, elliptic-lanceolate, 

 rigid, bright green above, pale beneath. Andes. A beautiful 

 dwarf shrub. (B. M. 5506, under name of M. dicranantherum.) 



M. Humboldtianum (Humboldt's).* fl. rich reddish-purple, 

 produced in great abundance ; square stems and calyces beauti- 

 fully tinged with vivid red. I. bright green, oblong-acuminate, 

 five to seven-nerved. October to December. Caraccas, 1863. 

 (B. M. 5367.) 



M. Lemonianum (Lemon's). /. deep rich violet rose. Winter 

 and early spring. 



M. sericeum muUiflorum (many-flowered silky).* fl. rich 

 mauve, produced in great profusion during the early spring 

 months. A garden variety. 



M. tenellum (delicate), fl. rich purple, disposed at the ends of 

 the branches and branchlets in few-flowered cymes, rarely 

 solitary. October. I. oblong-ovate, acute, five-nerved; margin 

 ciliate-setose. Guatemala. 



MONOCHILUS (from monos. one, and cheilos. a 

 lip ; alluding to the form of the flower). OED. Verbenacece. 

 A monotypic genus, remarkable for the form of its 

 corolla. The species is a pretty, low, stove herb. It 

 thrives in a compost of loam, peat, and sand. Propa- 

 gated by cuttings inserted under a bell glass, in bottom 

 heat. 



M. gloxinifolius (Gloxinia-leaved), fl. white, disposed in 

 terminal elongated racemes, solitary in the axils of the bracts, 

 shortly pedicellate ; calyx campanulate, shortly five-fid ; corolla 

 tube cylindrical, oblique above, scarcely enlarged, cloven at 

 back ; limb very oblique. I. alternate or almost opposite, rather 

 large, membranous, repand-toothed. Brazil, 1838. 



MONOCHLAMYDEOUS. Having but one floral 

 envelope. 



MONOCHORIA (from monos, one, and chorizo, to 

 separate ; the anterior stamen is different from the 

 remaining five). OED. Pontederiacece. A genus com- 

 prising about half-a-dozen species of stove aquatic 

 herbs, inhabiting the East Indies, China, Japan, the 

 Malayan Archipelago, and tropical Australia and Africa. 

 Perianth campanulate, with distinct segments ; tube none; 

 racemes sometimes sheathed with the oauline leaves, 

 very short, with the flowers numerous, rather long-stalked, 

 fascicle-formed, sometimes longer, rather lax or almost 

 spike-formed ; pedicels very short ; spathe complicated, at 

 the base of the raceme or in the sheath at the base of 

 the peduncle. Eadical leaves long, cauline ones shorter, 

 petiolate; blade sagittate, cordate-ovate, or lanceolate. 

 The species here described are probably the only ones 

 yet introduced. For culture, see Pontederia. 

 M. hastata (spear-shaped), fl. blue, in crowded umbels ; perianth 

 six-cleft ; spathe oblong, opening sideways. July. I. arrow- 

 shaped, obtuse or pointed, h. 2ft. East Indies, 1806. (A. B. R. 

 490, under name of Pontederia dilatata.) 



M. vaginalis (sheathed), fl. blue, mostly rufous outside ; spike 

 distant-flowered, sometimes sub-campanulate ; pedicels longer 

 than the flowers. Summer. I. long-stalked, mostly cordate or 

 cordate-ovate, more or less distinctly acuminate. h. 2ft. 

 Eastern Asia, Ac. 



AL v. Korsakowii (Korsakow's). fl. violet, large, scarcely rufous 

 outside ; inflorescence paniculate or sub-paniculate, few-flowered. 

 Summer. I. variable, usually very broadly rotundate-cordate. 

 h. 1ft. or more. A showy plant. (R. G. 1862, 374.) 



MONOCOTYLEDONS, or ENDOGENS. One of 



the two great classes into which all flowering plants are 

 divided. They may be characterised as follows : Stem 

 with the wood forming longitudinal bundles, irregularly 



