AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



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Monocotyledons, or Endogens continued. 

 disposed, not in concentric layers, and having no defined 

 central pith. Leaves with usually parallel veins ; ex- 

 ceptions to this character are not uncommon amongst 

 Aroideae, Dioscoreae, and LiliacecB. Flowers with the organs 

 mostly in threes or fours, never in fives ; in grasses, the 

 parts are arranged in twos and threes. Embryo with a 

 single cotyledon ; first-formed leaves alternate ; radicle 

 not branching, but throwing out adventitious roots. 



MONODORA (from monos, one, and dora, a skin ; 

 in allusion to the fruit being one-celled). OBD. Anonacece. 

 A small genus (three species) of stove trees, confined to 

 tropical Africa. Flowers variegated, large, pendulous, 

 solitary or long-pedunculate, terminal or opposite the 

 leaves. Fruit large, globose, woody, containing a number 

 of seeds, closely packed in pulp. M. Myristica, the only 

 species yet introduced, thrives in a light sandy loam. 

 Propagated by ripened cuttings, inserted in sand, under a 

 glass, in moist heat. 



M. Myristica (Nutmeg). Calabash Nutmeg, fl., outer petals 

 bright yellow, variegated with purple spots ; inner whitish, and 

 downy on the outside, shining and pale yellow, with crimson spots, 

 inside. Jr. somewhat similar to nutmegs, h. 20ft. 1843. The 

 seeds abound in an aromatic oil, of nutmeg flavour ; and the 

 entire fruit is very like a small calabash. (B. M. 3059.) 



MONCECIOUS. Having one sex in one flower, and 

 the other in another, on the same plant. 



MONOGRAMME (from monos, one, and gramma, 

 writing ; referring to the sori arranged in a single row 

 on the narrow fronds). Including Pleurogramme. OBD. 

 Filices. A genus comprising about ten species of small, 

 grass or rush-like, stove plants, the simplest in structure 

 of all the Ferns. Sori linear, close to the midrib on one 

 or both sides. The species are of no horticultural value. 



MONOGYNOUS. Having but one style, although 

 many carpels may be present. 



MONOLENA (from monos, one, and olene. the arm ; 

 alluding to the arm or process from the base of the 

 anther). ORD. Melastomacece. A genus comprising four 

 or five species of fleshy, stemless, glabrous, stove herbs, 

 with thick rhizomes, inhabiting the woods of Peru and 

 New Grenada. Flowers flesh-coloured, large, in scor- 

 pioid cymes, shortly pedicellate ; calyx tube turbinate, 

 trigonal ; lobes five, ovate, obtuse; petals five, elongated 

 obovatc-spathulate, obtuse; scapes slender. Leaves long- 

 s-talked, oblong, cordate or orbiculate, entire or denticulate. 

 The undermentioned is a very handsome species, and 

 the only one yet introduced. It thrives in a compost 

 of sandy loam and peat or leaf mould, and requires 

 a moist atmosphere. Propagated by division, or by cut- 

 ting up the short thick rhizomes into pieces, and starting 

 them in bottom heat. 



M. primulceflora (Primula - flowered), fl. deep bright pink, 

 with a white eye and yellow anthers, lin. in diameter; petals 

 obovate or obcordate ; peduncles two or three-flowered. Novem- 

 ber. /. 4in. to 6in. long, elliptic, acuminate ; margins sinuate- 

 toothed, ciliate ; upper surface bright glossy green, lower and 

 petiole red-purple, h. 6in. Columbia, 1069. SYN. Bertolonia 

 primuUeflora (of gardens). (B. M. 6818.) 



MONOLOPHUS. Included under Xaempferia 

 (which see). 



MONOLOPIA (from monos, one, and lopos, covering ; 

 referring to the structure of the involucre). OBD. Com- 

 positoe. A small genus (two species have been described) 

 of pretty, hardy, woolly, annual herbs, natives of Cali- 

 fornia. Flower - heads yellow, radiating, solitary, ter- 

 minal ; involucral scales in a single row ; receptacle 

 convex, naked. Leaves alternate, sessile or amplexicaul, 

 entire or dentate. The culture is very simple, any or- 

 dinary garden soil being suitable. Propagated by seeds, 

 sown in April, in a light soil. 

 M. major (greater), fl.-heads yellow. July. I. narrow, entire, 



or scarcely toothed, h. 2ft. California, 1834. A very showy 



plant, white or whitish with floccose wool, but sometimes 



glabrate and green. (B. M. 3839.) 



MONOMERIA (from monos, one, and men's, a part ; 

 in reference to the single anther). OBD. Orchidece. 

 A small genus (two species) of stove epiphytal orchids, 

 with abortive petals and a wide toothleted interval 

 between the upper and lower sepals ; they are allied to 

 Bulbophyllum. The two species, M. barbata, from India, 

 and M. nitida, from Mexico, are probably not now in 

 cultivation. 



MONOFANAX (from monos, one, and Panax; the 

 plant resembling a Panax, and having a one - celled 

 ovary). OBD. Araliacea. A genus founded by Eegel 

 on the plant here described. It is an ornamental, smooth- 

 growing, dwarf stove shrub, with erect, simple stems, 

 becoming leafless below. For culture, see Aralia. 

 M. Ghlesbreghtii (Ghiesbreght's). fl. greenish-white, in small, 

 round, long-stalked heads, on a terminal, pyramidal, racemiform 

 panicle. I. long-stalked, digitate, bright green, composed of from 

 four to seven lanceolate - oblong, acuminate, leathery, entire, 

 stalked leaflets. Mexico, 1869. SYN. Aralia Ghiesbreghtii (of 

 gardens). (R. G. 606.) 



MONOPETALOUS. A term applied to those flowers 

 in which all petals are more or less united. More cor- 

 rectly termed Gamopetalous. 



MONOPHYLLOUS. Having only one leaf, or 

 several leaves united by their edges into one. 



MONOPSIS. This genus is included, by Bentham 

 and Hooker, as a section of Lobelia (which see). 



MONOSEPALOUS. Having only one sepal. More 

 correctly Gamosepalous. 



MONOTHYLACEUM. A synonym of Hoodia 

 (which see). 



MONOTOCA (from monos, one, and tokos, a birth; 

 the edible fruit having only one seed). OBD. Epacrideae. 

 A genus comprising about half-a-dozen species of green- 

 house evergreen shrubs or small trees, natives of East 

 and South Australia. Flowers white, small, usually uni- 

 sexual, disposed in racemose, axillary or terminal spikes, 

 rarely solitary, sessile ; corolla tube small, campanulate 

 or scarcely cylindrical ; lobes five or rarely four, valvate 

 in bud. Leaves scattered, with recurved margins or nearly 

 flat. The species described below are those best known 

 to cultivation. For culture, see Epacris. 

 K. elliptica (elliptic). /. white ; spikes erect, nearly terminal 

 and aggregate, or axillary and solitary. May to August. I. el- 

 liptic - oblong, four tunes longer than broad, h. 8ft. 1802. A 

 small tree. 



M. lineata (lined). A tall shrub or small tree, resembling 

 M. elliptica in foliage ; but the peduncles are shorter, axillary, 

 and few-flowered, the flowers smaller, and the corolla more 

 open. h. 6ft 1804. Shrub. 



M. scoparla (broom), fl. white ; spikes axillary, few -flowered, 

 nearly sessile, nodding. May to August. I. oblong-linear, with 

 revolute edges. Stems erect, h. 5ft. 1825. Shrub. 



MONOTROPEJE. An order of leafless herbs, para- 

 sitic on the roots of trees, principally Pines and Beeches, 

 natives of the temperate regions of the Northern hemi- 

 sphere. Flowers dirty white or pinkish, scented or in- 

 odorous, solitary, spicate, racemose. Leaves replaced by 

 alternating scales. There are nine genera, and from ten 

 to twelve species. Examples are : Hypopithys and Ptero- 

 spora. Hypopithys multiflora (Monotropa Hypopithys), an 

 interesting plant, is the only representative of the order 

 in the British Flora. Like all the rest of the order, 

 it is difficult to establish in gardens ; the only way is to 

 sow the seeds under Beech or Fir-trees. 



MONSONIA (named after Lady Ann Monson, a 

 correspondent of Linnaeus). OBD. Geraniacece. A genus 

 comprising about a dozen species of ornamental green- 

 house herbs or sub-shrubs, of which four are natives of 

 North-eastern Africa and tropical Western Asia, and the 

 rest South African. Flowers regular ; sepals and petals 

 five, imbricated; peduncles axillary, one-flowered or 

 umbellately many-flowered. Leaves alternate or opposite, 

 stipulate, toothed or dissected. The species thrive in a 

 sandy-loam soil, with a small quantity of peat and leaf 



