8 



THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 



PALE FLAX. See Linum angustifolium. 

 PALEOLARIA. A synonym of Falafoxia (which 



see). 



PALE TUSSOCK MOTH. See Tussock Moths. 



PALIAVANA (said to be so called from Palhava, 

 a seat of tho Prince of Braganza, a patron of botany). 

 STNS. Codonophora, Prasanthea. OBD. Gesneraceoe. A 

 small genus (only two species) of stove, shrubby plants, 

 natives of Brazil. Flowers large, solitary or fasciculate 

 in the axils of the bracts, disposed in loose, terminal 

 racemes ; calyx campanulate, the base adnate to tho 

 ovary, the five lobes at length reflexed or deciduous; 

 corolla (generally) greenish, loosely pubescent or densely 

 silky-villous, with a funnel-shaped or almost campanu- 

 late tube, and an oblique, broadly five-lobed limb. 

 Leaves opposite, rather thick, soft, crenate, villous; 

 floral ones reduced to bracts. For culture of P. prasi- 

 nata the only species which has been introduced to 

 our gardens see Gesnera. 

 P. prasinata (greenish). /. borne on axillary pedicels, which are 



two to four times shorter than the corolla, which is greenish, 



darkly dotted externally, and has an ample campanulate limb. 



May to July. I. opposite, oval-lanceolate or ovate, serrate, 



shortly petiolate, velvety beneath. A. lift, to 2ft. 1818. 



(B. R. 428, under name of Gesnera prasinata.) 



FAIilCOUREA (named after Le Paliconr, of Guiana). 

 STNS. Colladonia, Galvania and Stephanium. Including 

 Nonatelia and Rhodostoma. OBD. Rubiacece. A genus 

 comprising about 100 species of stove, tropical American 

 shrubs, of variable habit, with terete or four-angled 

 branchlets. Flowers variously coloured (never blue), 

 small or rather large, disposed in sessile or usually 

 pedunculate, terminal or rarely axillary, compound 

 corymbs, racemes, or thyrses ; calyx with a hemispherical 

 or turbinate tube, and an entire or five-lobed limb ; corolla 

 tube elongated, straight or curved, the limb of five 

 short or elongated, simple or valvate lobes. Fruit a 

 globose, rarely oblong, berry. Leaves opposite or 

 whorled; stipules variable. The following species are 

 occasionally seen in cultivation; they thrive best in a 

 sandy-loam and peat compost. Propagation may be 

 effected, in spring, by cuttings, which should be inserted 

 in sand, under a glass, in a gentle hotbed. 



> Bellow, in cymose, sessile 

 ' ' inated, 



P. apioata (crowned-fruited). 



panicles. June to August. I. oblong, short-acuminated, narrow 

 at the base, coriaceous. Branches terete, h. 4ft. to 6ft. 

 Caraccas, 1824. 



P. crocea (saffron-coloured). fl, orange, on terminal, corymbose, 

 saffron-coloured peduncles. June. I. ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 

 acuminated, stifhsh, with prominent veins. A. 4ft. to 6ft. West 

 Indies, &c., 1823. 



P. gardenioides (Gardenia-like), fl. white, disposed in mostly 

 terminal cymes ; corolla much longer than the calyx, tubular, 

 funnel-shaped. Winter and summer. I. opposite, obovate- 

 lanceolate, acuminate, attenuated into the short petioles, dark 

 green and shining above, paler beneath, h. 2ft. South America, 

 1759. SYN. Rhodostoma (jardenioides. (G. M. B. 1850, 65.) 



P. lutea (yellow), fl. yellow, disposed in erect panicles ; corolla 

 tube narrow at the base, long ; segments of the limb acute. June 

 and July. 1. broad-ovate, acuminated ; stipules bluntly two- 

 lobed. A. 1ft. French Guiana, 1823. 



P. ornata (adorned). I. elliptic, acuminate, narrowed towards 

 the base, of a satiny olive-green, with the costa and principal 

 veins deep rosy-crimson, the olive tint passing into emerald- 

 green near the base of the midrib ; under surface purple. Stems 

 erect, purplish, terete. South America, 1875. 



P. Pavetta (Pavetta). /. white, very sweet-scented, . with a 

 which is a little curved ; corymbs terminal, 

 pedunculate, with brachiate, trichotomous branches. August. 



. . 



funnel-shaped corolla, 



. 



t. ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, thin, nerved. Branches terete. 

 A. 2ft. West Indies, Ac., 1823. 



P. racemosa (racemose), fl. white, small, bracteolate at the 

 a little longer than the petioles. June. 

 fr. globose, five-angled, five-celled. I. elliptical-oblong, acuini- 



base ; thyrse panicled, a little longer than the petioles. Jur 



fr. globose, five-angled, five-celled. I. elliptic) 



nated at both ends, petiolate. A. 2ft. to 3ft. Guiana, 1818. 



P. rigida (stiff), fl. yellow ; panicles on long peduncles, spread- 

 ing; corolla clothed with very fine down. August. I. elliptic, 

 acutish, rounded at the base, almost sessile, coriaceous. Branches 

 bluntly tetragonal. A. 3ft Tropical South America, &c., 



Falicourea continued. 



P. violacea (violet), fl. white, bracteate; thyrse many-flowered, 

 about half the length of the leaves. Berries violet, about the 

 size of currants. June and July. I. elliptic, acuminated, taper- 

 ing into the short petioles at the base. A. 4ft. to 5ft. Guiana, 

 1824. 



FALISOTA (named in honour of Palisot de Beauvois, 



1752-1820, a French botanist and traveller). SYN. 



Duchekia. OBD. Commelinaceai. A genus comprising 



eight species of stove, perennial herbs, natives of tropical 



Africa. Flowers, small, numerous, disposed in simple, 



scorpioid cymes, sessile or shortly pedicellate ; sepals and 



petals distinct, almost equal, similarly coloured, spreading ; 



peduncles one or two in a leafy fascicle ; panicle narrow, 



thyrsoid, oblong or cylindrical. Berries sometimes scarlet 



or blue. Leaves clustered at the tip of the stem; sheath 



imbricated, often long-pilose. The best-known species 



are described below. For culture, see Commelina. 



P. Barter! (Barter's), fl. pale purplish, in an oblong, dense, 



thyrsoid raceme, borne on a short, terminal, solitary peduncle. 



Autumn. 1. all radical, 1ft. to 2ft. long, obovate-oblong or 



elliptic-lanceolate, narrowed into petioles of variable length, 



attenuated at the apex into a long, slender point, more or less 



silky-hairy. A. 1ft. to 3ft. 1862. Plant almost stemless. (B. M. 



5318.) 



P. bicolor (two-coloured). I. oblong-obovate, tapering at the 

 base to the stalk, and more abruptly towards the apex, 12in. to 

 14in. by 5in. ; the upper surface bright green, with a broad, central 

 disk of greenish-yellow ; margins studded with stilf, brownish 

 hairs ; petiole fleshy, 4in. to Sin. long, with a broad, purplish band 

 studded with coarse, brownish pubescence. A. 1ft. to 2ft. Fer- 

 nando Po, 1878. An elegant, ornamental-leaved plant. 

 P. bracteosa (bract-bearing), fl. white, resembling those of 

 P. Barteri, woolly outside at base ; panicle shortly peduncled, 

 very dense, ovate. Autumn. I. narrow-obovate, acuminate, 

 white-cobweb-woolly. 1879. Plant stemless. 



PALIURUS (the old Greek name used by Theo- 

 phrastus). SYN. Aubletia. OBD. Rhamneai. A genus 

 comprising a couple of species of sub-erect or decumbent, 

 glabrous or slightly tomentose, hardy shrubs, armed with 

 stipular prickles ; one is a native of South Europe and 

 Western Asia, and the other of South China. Flowers 

 small, five-parted; pedicels axillary, fasciculate, or in 

 short, aggregated cymes. Fruit hemispherical, coriaceous. 

 Leaves sub- distichous and alternate, petiolate, ovate or 

 cordate, three-nerred, crenulated, with two thorns at the 

 base of each, either both erect, or one erect and the 

 other recurved. P. aculeata is supposed by some writers 

 to have furnished the crown of thorns which was placed 

 on the head of Christ before His Crucifixion. The species 

 grow in any ordinary soil. Propagation may be effected 

 by layers, by cuttings of the roots, or by seeds. 



P. acnlcatus (prickly). Christ's Thorn ; Garland Thorn, fl. 

 greenish-yellow ; umbellules axillary, few-flowered, crowded. 

 June and July. fr. resembling a head on which is a broad- 

 brimmed hat. I. ovate, serrulated, quite smooth, three-nerved, 

 with two spines at their base, one erect, the other hooked. 

 Branchlets pubescent. A. 8ft. Mediterranean region, 1596. 



P. Aubletia (Aublet's). fl. greenish-yellow, in axillary corymbs. 

 July and August. I. obliquely cordate or elliptical, three-nerved, 

 shining, serrulated, with two thorns at the base of each, one 

 erect, the other recurved. Branches smooth. A. 10ft. South 

 China, 1819. SYN. P. virgatus (B. M. 2535). 



P. VlrgatUS (twiggy). A synonym of P. Aubletia. 



FALL ASIA (of Linnaeus the younger). A synonym 



of Calligonum (which see). 



FALL ASIA (of Houttuyn). A synonym of Caloden- 



dron. 



FALLAVIA. A synonym of Fisonia (which see). 

 FALLAVTCINIA. A synonym of Cyphomandra. 

 FALLENIS (from palea, chaff; in allusion to the 



chaffy receptacle). SYNS. Asteriscus, Athalmus. OBD. 



Composites. A monotypic genus. The species is a soft, 



sub-silky, villous, hardy, annual herb. For culture, see 



Buphthalmum. 



P. spinosa (spiny), fl. -heads yellow, mediocre or rather large, 

 solitary at the tips of the branches ; achenes glabrous or slightly 

 pilose ; involucre hemispherical ; receptacle slightly convex. 

 July. {. obovate- or oblong-lanceolate, alternate, entire ; floral 



