AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 



15 



Pancratium continued. 



stove, greenhouse, or hardy bulbous plants, natives of 

 the West Indies, the Canary Islands, and the Mediter- 

 ranean region. Flowers white, large, sessile or distinctly 

 pedicellate, many in an umbel, or rarely only one or 

 two; perianth funnel-shaped; tube mediocre, or often 

 elongated into an enlarged throat ; lobes narrow, erecto- 

 patent; cnp (false corona) frequently produced into two 

 teeth or lobes ; involucral bracts two, . membranous- 

 scarious. Leaves linear or loriform. Pancratiums are of 

 easy culture, in a compost of two parts good turfy 

 loam, one part peat, and one part decayed leaf soil, to 

 which some silver sand should be added. The indoor 

 species should be placed in a light position; from the 

 end of June until the middle of September they may be 

 kept in a frame or pit. The less shifting and repotting 

 is practised, the better, provided the plants remain 

 healthy. Pancratiums may be grown singly, or three in 

 a pot. When a shift is necessary, all the living roots 

 should be carefully preserved, and any dead ones cut 

 away. Water may be given freely throughout the growing 

 season ; when resting, it should be partially withheld, yet 

 not sufficiently to cause flagging. The species grown 

 outside require deep planting, and a protection of some 

 sort in winter. When the plants have once started, their 

 growth cannot well be too rapid, nor the supply of food 

 too liberal. Propagation is effected by seeds, which 

 should be sown in pans of light, sandy soil, in spring, 

 and placed in heat. Water must only be sparingly 

 given until the seedlings appear, and the latter should 

 be potted off when large enough to handle. Propagated 

 also from offsets, which may be collected at potting 

 time. Young bulbs, if carefully grown on, will, in the 

 course of two or three years, make good flowering 

 plants. The only truly hardy species is P. tliyrieum; 

 but P. maritimum is hardy enough in mild districts, such 

 as many parts of the West of England. Elsewhere, it 

 is advisable to grow these in a cool greenhouse or frame. 

 P. Amancses (Amancaes). A synonym of HymenocaUis Amancas. 

 P. amboinense (Amboynan). A synonym of Euryeles amboi- 



MMM 



P. amcenum (charming). A synonym of Ilymenocalli* amenta. 

 P. anstralasicum (Australian). A synonym of Evryeles am- 



P. calathinam (basket-flowered). A synonym of IlymenocaUis 



calathina. 



P. carolinianum (Carolinian). A synonym of P. maritimum. 

 P. expansum (expanded). A synonym of HymenoeaUis expansa. 

 P. illyricum (Hlyrian). fi. fragrant, pedicellate, smaller, and 



with a shorter tube than in P. maritimum, June, t broad, lijru- 



late, deciduous, strongly veined. A. Ijft South Europe, 1615. 



An exceedingly attractive plant, quite hardy in most situations. 



P. littorale (sea-shore). A synonym of HymenocaUit littorali*. 



Pancratium. continued. 

 " ^ 16L) See 



FIG. 16. PANCRATIUM IURITIMUM, showing Habit and detached 

 Flower. 



P. maritimum (sea).* JL with long, filamentous outer segments 

 very fragrant, nearly sessile, disposed in large umbels. June. 

 L linear, persistent h. 2ft South Europe, ic., 1759. Hardy, or 



P ' earolinianum 



P. rotatum (rotate). A synonym of Uymenoeallii rotate. 



P. speciosum (showy). A synonym of llymenocaMi tpeciota. 



P. verecundum (ruddy). rt. sweet-scented, pedicellate; 

 tube cf corolla greenish, 2in. to Sin. long ; limb campanulate ; 

 segments white inside, green without ; scape 1ft or more long. 

 Summer. L eight to ten, lorate, acute, convolute, channelled, 

 lift lon,r, Jin. or more broad. Bengal, Ac. Stove. (B. R. 413.) 



P. zeylanlcnm (Cingalese). JL solitary ; laciuiae logger than 

 the tube, adherent below, revolute above ; style longer than the 

 stamens ; spathe entire. June. L lorate-lanceolate. Bulb ovate 

 h. 1ft Ceylon, 1752. Stove. (B. M. 2538 ; B. K. 47&) 



FANDACA. A synonym of Tabernaemontana 

 (which see). 



FANDANE2E. A natural order of curious, erect or 

 climbing trees or shrubs, di- or tri-chotomously branched, 

 the annulate trunk or branches emitting aerial roots ; 

 they are all tropical or sub-tropical, mostly natives of 

 the East African Islands, the Indian Archipelago, and 

 the Pacific Islands; a few are found in the Asiatic and 

 African continents, one in the West Indies, and another 

 in New Zealand. Flowers dioecious, each sex densely 

 crowded on a simple or compound, axillary or terminal, 

 sessile or pedunculate spadix, accompanied by herbaceous 

 or coloured, persistent or deciduous spathes; males on a 

 branched or thyrsoid spadix with numerous stamens and 

 filaments, with single two- or four-celled anthers ; females 

 with one or many-celled ovaries, free, or united in parcels, 

 solitary or numerous ovules, and a sessile stigma. Fruit 

 either woody drupes collected in parcels, or berries ; 

 seeds minute, albumen densely fleshy. Leaves clustered, 

 spirally and trifariously disposed, very long-linear and 

 sheathing at base, acuminate, recurved, keeled, concave, 

 rigidly coriaceous, the margins and keel spinulose or ser- 

 rated, very rarely unarmed, at length totally deciduous ; 

 prickles often recurved, or the lower ones recurved and 

 the upper ones incurved. The species, numbering about 

 eighty, have no great economic value; they are classed 

 under two genera: Freycinetia and Pandonus. 



FANDANUS (from Pandang, the Malayan name of 

 the genus). Screw Pine. OBD. Pandanecc. A large genus 

 (about eighty species) of stove trees or shrubs, rarely 

 stemless herbs, or with prostrate rooting stems ; they 

 are mostly natives of the Malayan Archipelago and the 

 Mascarenes and Seychelles, a few being found in the 

 continents of Asia and Africa, tropical Australia, and 

 Oceania, and in the West Indies. Flowers dioecious, 

 the males on a clustered, thyrsoid spadix, and the females 

 on a dense, simple one ; both are terminal, the females 

 solitary or paniculate, often pendulous during fructescence. 

 Fruit syncarpous, globose, ellipsoid, oblong or cylindrical, 

 often ponderous. Leaves very long or mediocre ; floral 

 ones sometimes coloured, spathaceous-bracteate. Trunk 

 slender or robust, rather simple, or with spreading 

 branches. Screw Pines are usually very handsome, 

 and easily cultivated in a stove temperature. They 

 succeed best in sandy loam, with charcoal and some 

 leaf soil intermixed, and they require plenty of water 

 in summer. In winter, they are best kept moderately 

 dry at the root, and no water should be allowed to 

 lodge in the axils of the leaves at that season. The 

 plants always have a disposition to raise themselves 

 out of the pots, in consequence of the direct downward 

 course which the roots invariably pursue. One of the 

 best and most useful species is P. Veitchii; it is largely 

 employed, in a young state, for table decoration, for 

 which purpose offsets should be procured so soon as 

 they are large enough to be detached. This species, 

 and several others, form handsome decorative or exhi- 

 bition subjects in comparatively small pots. Propagated 

 principally from offsets, which should be carefully detached 

 from the base with the point of a sharp knife, and in- 

 serted singly in small pots. The crown of each cutting 



